In vitro shoot regeneration and chromosome doubling in 2X and 3X potato clones

The possibility of scaling ploidy levels up and down offers several advantages for genetic studies and breeding work in potato. Shoot regeneration and chromosome doubling in plants regenerated fromin vitro cultures were investigated in 4 diploid (2n=2x=24) and 2 triploid (2n=3x=36) clones. Internode and leaf expiants were taken from plants propagated eitherin vitro as shoot cultures, orin vivo in a greenhouse. Two regeneration procedures were compared. Regeneration frequencies were significantly higher using a two-step regeneration protocol and from leaf explants, while doubling was more efficient starting fromin vivo grown plants. No doubling was observed in triploid clones. Considering altogether the percentage of regeneration and doubling, and the number of shoots regenerated per explant, the most efficient conditions were considered leaf explants taken fromin vivo grown plants, and cultured according to a two-step regeneration protocol.     

紫罗兰愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的研究

以紫罗兰幼苗子叶、子叶柄、下胚轴作外植体接种MS附加不同激素的培养基诱导愈伤组织，并进一步诱导分化出芽及再生植株。子叶和下胚轴外植体在MS＋0.1mg/LNAA培养基上愈伤组织发生率达100％，下胚轴愈伤组织转移MS 0.1mg/L 6-BA培养基上易诱导分化出小苗，分化频率达67％，再生小苗在1／2MSA＋0.2mg/L IBA培养基上生根率达86％。     

Effects of different additives on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of Leymus chinensis silage

This study investigated the effects of different additives on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of Leymus chinensis silage. Treatments included (i) no additive, (ii) 3 mL kg^?1 formic acid (FA), (iii) 6 mL kg^?1 FA, (iv) 5 mL kg^?1 acetic acid (AA), (v) 10 mL kg^?1 AA, (vi) 2 mL kg^?1 propionic acid (PA), (vii) 4 mL kg^?1 PA, (viii) 5 mL kg^?1 butyric acid (BA), (ix) 10 mL kg^?1 BA, (x) 1.0 g kg^?1 potassium sorbate (PS), (xi) 1.0 g kg^?1 sodium benzoate (SB), (xii) 1 × 10⁸ colony‐forming units (cfu) kg^?1 Lactobacillus (Lb) plantarum LP (LP), (xiii) 1 × 10⁸ cfu kg^?1 Lb. brevis LB (LB) and (xiv) 1 × 10⁸ cfu kg^?1 Lb. buchneri NCIMB40788 (Fresh). Each additive treatment was based on fresh matter (FM). Results showed that all additives decreased pH values. All additives except Fresh decreased ammonia‐N content (p < .001). Both LP and LB increased lactic acid content (p < .001). Butyric acid content increased with FA (3 mL kg^?1) and BA, but decreased with PA, PS, SB, FA (6 mL kg^?1), AA, LP, LB (p < .001). FA (3 mL kg^?1), AA (10 mL kg^?1), PA, BA, PS, SB and Fresh improved aerobic stability (p < .001). After 8 days exposure to air, the pH value and yeast count were lower in FA (3 mL kg^?1), BA (10 mL kg^?1), SB treatments than in other treatments. Overall, AA outperformed all other additives in improving fermentation quality. Sodium benzoate and AA could be used as an effective additive to improve aerobic stability of L. chinensis silage.     

培养条件对紫苏下胚轴外植体再生的影响

以紫苏下胚轴为材料,研究影响紫苏外植体芽再生的影响因素。结果表明：苗龄、黑暗时间、激素浓度及配比对紫苏芽再生均有较大影响。取13d苗龄的下胚轴先在分化培养基（MS+3.0mg/L BA+0.3 mg/L NAA）黑暗预培养8d后转为14h/d光照条件培养可获得较高的再生频率。诱导芽苗生根最佳培养基为1/2MS +1.0mg/L BA+0.3 mg/L IAA。     

In vitro shoot regeneration ofSolanum tuberosum cultivars: interactions of medium composition and leaf, leaflet, and explant position

Summary Shoot regeneration was investigated on explants from different leaves and leaflets of three potato cultivars Posmo, Folva and Oleva. Explants were excised from glasshouse grown plants and grown for 6 days on callus induction medium with indole-3-acetic acid or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Explants were then transferred to auxin free shoot regeneration medium with gibberellic acid and 6-benzyladenine or zeatin. By using the optimum combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators and by excision of explants from particular regions of proximal leaflets from newly unfolded leaves, shoot regeneration frequencies of 97.0% were obtained for cv. Posmo and 32.1% for cv. Folva. Shoot regeneration frequency of cv. Oleva was very low and could not be improved by the different treatments.     

油葵子叶外植体不定芽再生体系的建立

对油葵子叶外植体在含有不同激素浓度的培养基上进行了诱导、分化及成苗的研究,建立起一套完整的再生体系.在MS添加IAA 1mg/L和6-BA 4mg/L的培养基上诱导的愈伤质量较好,在MS添加IAA 0.01mg/L和6-BA 0.04mg/L的分化培养基上能够实现较高的不定芽再生.基因型间再生能力差异明显,8份材料中以康地6R为最佳.不定芽在1/2MS培养基上能健康成苗.     

基因型和AgNO3对甘蓝型油菜子叶外植体植株再生的影响

以甘蓝型油菜无菌苗子叶为外植体,接种于不同配比激素组合的培养基,研究AgNO3及基因型对油菜子叶外植体再生频率的影响.通过对芽苗分化率的方差分析表明,基因型、AgNO3及基因型与AgNO3互作对植株再生的影响均达到极显著水平,其影响程度为基因型＞AgNO3＞基因型×AgNO3.诱导芽苗分化的最佳培养基为MS+4mg/L BA+0.3mg/L NAA+5～10mg/L AgNO3.     

Spectrometric identification of solvent extractable organic additives in polyester-based textile fibers

In this study, polyester-based textile fibers were treated with several liquid-solvents and the extracts were spectrometrically characterized. The solvents used were ethanol-ether (1:1), ethanol-HCl (1:1), and carbon tetrachloride. Spectrometric characterization of the extracts included a first study by UV-visible spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry after a liquid chromatographic fractionation. However, final elucidation was carried out by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, which provides enough sensitivity, and fast and reproducible results. The organic compounds identified in the extracts were usual additives largely employed in the manufacture of textile fibers. Some of these organic compounds can constitute potential hazards for human health.     

AgNO_3对甘蓝型油菜子叶外植体植株再生的影响

以甘蓝型油菜无菌苗子叶为外植体 ,接种不同生长调节剂组合的培养基 ,研究AgNO3 对油菜子叶外植体植株再生频率的影响。结果表明 ,AgNO3 2 .5mg/L处理可明显提高子叶外植体的植株再生频率 ,芽再生频率和平均每外植体再生芽数分别达到 4 3 .3 0 %和 2 .77。苗龄与子叶外植体的芽再生频率有关 ,苗龄 4d的子叶芽再生频率较高。     

青葙愈伤组织诱导研究

目的 筛选诱导青葙愈伤组织的最佳外植体和最佳诱导条件.方法 选取青葙饱满成熟种子培养无菌苗,以其叶片和茎段为外植体,分别接种于添加NAA、6-BA、2,4-D组合的MS培养基中诱导愈伤组织,通过正交试验筛选出诱导愈伤组织的最佳外植体和培养基.结果诱导愈伤组织的最佳外植体为试管苗茎段,MS+0.5mg/L 6-BA+0.5mg/L NAA是愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基,其愈伤组织诱导率为92.5％.结论该研究建立的青葙的愈伤组织培养方法,为青葙的快速繁育体系及工厂化生产提供了技术参考.     

二步培养和AgNO3对甘蓝型油菜子叶和下胚轴芽再生的影响

以甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）品种“浙双758”为材料,研究二步培养及添加AgNO3对甘蓝型油菜子叶和下胚轴外植体离体再生的影响。外植体先在含0.5-1.5 mg/L 2,4-D的MS培养基上 “预培养”3 d 或7 d诱导愈伤组织的产生,再转到含有3 mg/L BA和0.15mg/L NAA及添加或不添加2.5 mg/L AgNO3的分化培养基上诱导芽的分化。结果表明,外植体愈伤组织诱导率和芽再生率与2,4-D浓度、预培养时间和AgNO3密切相关;分化培养基中添加银离子可显著增加不定芽的再生频率;二步培养及添加AgNO3可使半子叶、完整子叶和下胚轴外植体芽再生频率分别达到了96.1%,96.7%和96.7%。     

不同有机肥替代模式对安吉白茶品质和土壤肥力的影响

通过田间试验,研究了常规种植、秸秆覆盖和种草覆盖三种有机替代模式对安吉白茶产量品质及土壤环境及肥力的影响.结果表明,秸秆覆盖和种植鼠茅草模式均能提高安吉白茶产量和品质,产量分别提高4.22％和5.82％,酚氨比分别下降0.12和0.04,土壤有机质含量分别提高3.79 g/kg和12.94 g/kg.种植鼠茅草还会增加...     

AgNO3对甘蓝型油菜子叶外植体植株再生的影响

以甘蓝型油菜无菌苗子叶为外植体，接种不同生长调节剂组合的培养基，研究AgNO3对油菜子叶外植体植株再生频率的影响。结果表明，AgNO3 2.5mg/L处理可明显提高子叶外植体的植株再生频率，芽再生频率和平均每外植体再生芽数分别达到43．30％和2．77。苗龄与子叶外植体的芽再生频率有关，苗龄4d的子叶芽再生频率较高。     

竹阔混交模式对毛竹出笋量的影响

通过研究不同混交树种、不同混交密度、不同混交方法对毛竹混交林出笋量的影响,结果表明：在以不同混交树种混交中,组合特性为落叶、喜光的出笋量最高,常绿、喜光的最低;以不同密度混交中,密度为150株·hm^-2的出笋量最高,毛竹纯林的最低;以不同混交方法混交中,块状混交的出笋量最高,毛竹纯林的最低。     

不同种类有机肥与钼肥配施对连作花生生长发育及产量、品质的影响

采用大田试验,研究增施有机肥和钼肥对连作花生生长发育及产量和品质的影响。结果表明,在合理施用氮磷钾肥基础上,增施有机肥和钼肥可以明显促进花生的生长发育和根瘤的形成,提高产量,改善品质性状。增施钼肥花生单株根瘤数增加4.8～9.5个,侧枝长和单株有效分枝数分别增加1.4～10.3cm、1.2～2.5条,产量提高6.3%～22.3%,植株钼积累量提高1.72～2.69倍。增施有机肥花生产量提高8.2%～15.0%,蛋白质和粗脂肪分别增加13.2%～27.9%和10.3%～20.4%,但不同有机肥间效果差异不显著。本试验最佳组合为：每公顷施饼肥1200 kg+钼肥播种。      

温度对双眉藻生长的影响

为研究培养温度对底栖硅藻双眉藻(Amphora sp. HN08)比生长速率和脂肪、蛋白及多糖等细胞主要成分的影响,将双眉藻培养于25、30、35和38℃四 个温度条件下,6 d后测定细胞的比生长速率、总脂、可溶性蛋白和总糖的含量。结果表明：培养温度对双眉藻的生长和细胞主要成分含量有显著影响。双眉藻在38℃条件下生长最快,但总脂含量仅为细胞干重的12.9%;30和35℃培养条件下细胞油脂积累量最多,分别达到细胞干重的44.8%和44.1%;培养于20℃条件下藻细胞的可溶性蛋白和总糖含量显著高于其他处理,但细胞的比生长速率显著低于其他温度条件。     

In vitro regeneration of Irvingia gabonensis by somatic embryogenesis

A productive genotype of Irvingia gabonensis were cultured in vitro for induction embryogenic calli, somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of plantlets. Fragments of young leaves were used as primary explants. Callogenesis was initiated by culture of explants during 30 days on Murashige and Skoog medium half strength (MS/2) supplemented with 1-6 mg L(-1) of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The highest percentage of explants forming calli is 85.1% at 3 mg L(-1) of 2,4-D. Somatic embryos were obtained after a subculture of embryogenic calli during 60 days on MS/2 supplemented with 1-3 mg L(-1) of BAP. The highest percentage of embryogenic calli which differentiates somatic embryos is 63.8 +/- 2.3% at 1 mg L(-1) of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The highest number of somatic embryos per callus which is 43.6 is obtained with 2 mg L(-1) of this phytohormone. When isolated from calli and sub-cultured during 30 days on MS/2 supplemented with 2 mg L(-1) of BAP, somatic embryos germinate with a highest percentage of 83%. The subculture of germinated somatic embryos on the same Basal Medium (BM) supplemented with 4 mg L(-1) of BAP and 2 mg L(-1) of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) during 80 days gives rise to the plantlets with 82.7 +/- 4.8% of success. With this combination, each plantlet has average length of 5.6 cm, bears 3.3 leaves and 7.2 roots with 1 or 2 pivoting roots. Plantlets acclimatized on a mixture sterilized soil/vermiculite at equal volume survive at 93%. Results of this study constitute a new way for a production of Irvingia gabonensis seedlings with pivoting root and they permit to arrest the difficulties of natural and horticultural reproduction.     

在油菜组织培养中激素及基因型对下胚轴分化的影响

以不同基因型的油菜种子为实验材料,以下胚轴为外植体,采用不同配比激素组合的培养基诱导芽苗分化。通过对芽苗分化率的方差分析明确了组织培养中激素对植株再生的影响大于基因型,且激素与基因型之间着显著的互作效应。ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ２￣４ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ）．６ｍｇ／Ｌ为地芽苗分化的最佳培养基。     

The effect of different additives on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of pea/wheat bi-crop silages containing contrasting pea to wheat ratios

Studies were conducted to compare the effects of using two microbial inoculants, a sulphite salt‐based additive, formic acid and quebracho tannins, on the fermentation quality, nutritive value and aerobic stability of pea/wheat bi‐crop silages. Spring peas (Pisum sativum var. Magnus) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Axona) were drilled together at rates that gave high (HP/W; 3:1) or low (LP/W; 1:3) pea to wheat ratios. The peas and wheat were harvested at the yellow wrinkled pods and late milk/early dough maturity stage, respectively, and conserved in 1·5‐kg polyethylene bag, laboratory silos. The bi‐crops were conserved without treatment (control) or treated with either of two lactic acid bacteria‐based inoculants [Lactobacillus buchneri; applied at 10⁵ colony‐forming units (CFU) g^–1 fresh weight (FW) or Lactobacillus plantarum (applied at 10⁶ CFU g^–1 FW)], sulphite salts (applied at the rate of 1 ml sulphite solution kg^–1 FW), quebracho tannins (applied at 16 g kg^–1 FW) and formic acid (applied at 2·5 g kg^–1 FW). Six replicates were made for each treatment, and the silos were opened after 112 days of ensilage. The level of peas in the bi‐crop influenced the effectiveness of the additives. With the exception of sulphite salts, all the additives significantly reduced the soluble nitrogen (N) and ammonia‐N concentrations of all the silages. The ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid was generally lower in the LP/W silages than in the HP/W silages, and the additive treatments only increased the in vitro digestible organic matter in dry matter of the LP/W silages. Of all the additives evaluated, formic acid resulted in the least aerobic spoilage in HP/W bi‐crop silages. However, in the LP/W bi‐crops, additive treatment was not necessary for ensuring aerobic stability.     

青葙提取物对螺旋粉虱的杀虫活性研究

采用室内生物测定方法研究6种植物提取物对螺旋粉虱的生物活性,并对青葙提取物生物活性进行研究。结果表明,供试6种植物甲醇提取物均对螺旋粉虱表现出一定的生物活性,其中以青葙和假臭草活性最高,浓度为1%水平时对螺旋粉虱成虫处理5 h后校正死亡率分别为69.87%和64.94%;青葙的不同溶剂提取物中,以甲醇和乙醇提取物活性最高,对螺旋粉虱3龄若虫处理后24 h的LC50值分别为13.14 mg/mL和14.96 mg/mL;青葙甲醇提取物的不同极性萃取物活性测定结果中,乙醚和乙酸乙酯萃取物活性最高,对螺旋粉虱3龄若虫处理后24 h的LC50分别为5.35 mg/mL和9.66 mg/mL。