霉菌毒素吸附剂可处理霉变饲料

我国饲料工业受到霉菌污染的比例比较大，将近有20％的饲料被霉菌污染而导致浪费。霉菌的主要危害是其产生的外毒素和内毒素会导致动物机体产生不良反应。因此，避免霉菌毒素的污染和危害是饲料工业生产中一个比较重要的问题。为了减少损失，很多学者采用一些物质作为霉菌毒素的吸附剂来处理霉变饲料，试验效果良好。饲料中常见的霉菌毒素和吸附剂种类：常见的霉菌毒素从目前大量霉变饲料的检测来看，饲料中主要的霉菌毒素是黄曲霉毒素、F-2毒素、T-2毒素等。这些毒素在饲料当中比较常见，并且对于动物体影响比较大。特别是有些毒素对于一些动物来讲比较敏感，很容易造成动物体的死亡。     

霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉鸡生长及脱毒性能的影响

主要研究霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉鸡脱毒效果及生长性能的影响。试验选用200羽1日龄科宝肉仔鸡,随机分成5个处理组,每组4个重复,每重复10羽鸡。试验结果表明:肉鸡饲养全期,在日增质量方面,添加可立吸的正常饲料组相对于正常饲料组提高14.24%;添加可立吸的霉变饲料组相对于霉变饲料组提高5.05%。可立吸在提高饲料转化率方面效果明显好于奥地利吸附剂组;料肉比,添加可立吸的正常饲料组相对于正常饲料组降低6.08%;添加可立吸的霉变饲料组相对于霉变饲料组降低4.81%。肉鸡死淘,各组间无明显差异。     

饲料霉菌毒素吸附剂研究进展

霉菌毒素污染是危害畜牧业的主要风险因子之一。全球每年约有25%的农产品受到霉菌毒素污染,我国霉菌毒素污染情况尤为严重,与饲料污染关系密切的霉菌毒素主要有黄曲霉毒素B1、呕吐毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、伏马霉素、T-2毒素、赭曲霉毒素A等。饲料中添加毒素吸附剂是目前应用最为广泛的脱毒方法。本文综述了饲料霉菌毒素污染情况、毒性作用、毒素吸附剂研究进展。重点围绕污染情况严重且吸附难度较大的呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮,进行吸附剂种类、作用机理与效果的探讨,结合本团队通过对蒙脱石的改性提高吸附剂效率和改善动物生产性能的研究结果,展示了解决饲料霉菌毒素污染问题的方案,并对其进一步研究开发提出了策略和建议。     

霉菌吸附剂对肉鸡生产性能的影响

霉菌毒素在全世界的各类谷物籽实中广泛存在,并有可能对畜禽的生长发育造成危害,特别在气候多湿高温的地区,霉菌毒素的危害不容忽视。在众多的霉菌毒素中,分布最为广泛的是黄曲霉毒素,它常见于温暖、潮湿的地区。已有大量的研究报道证明黄曲霉毒素对肉鸡生长发育及生产性能有不良影响(于炎湖,１９９２;Ｄｅｖｅｇｏｗｄａ等,１９９７;Ｔｈａｘｔｏｎ等,１９７４;Ｒｅｄｄｙ等,１９８２),目前市面上有较多的霉菌吸附产品问世,但对其作用效果的研究报道很少,为评价其利用价值,特选某霉菌吸附剂产品进行了本次试验。１材料与方法１.１试验设计…     

霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉鸭脱效果影响

本试验通过在正常肉鸭日粮及霉变肉鸭日粮中添加不同剂量的霉菌毒素吸附剂可立吸产品,研究可立吸对肉鸭脱毒性能的影响。试验结果表明:⑴在正常肉鸭日粮中添加2 kg/t可立吸产品,可明显提高肉鸭日增重,提高了13.37%;在血清生化免疫方面,可立吸对肉鸭的肝脏细胞保护最佳,其谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶相对于对照组分别降低了4.29%和27.97%。⑵霉变肉鸭日粮中添加可立吸,对肉鸭鸭日增重有明显的效果,其中添加2 kg/t可立吸相对于霉变组日增重提高了15.08%,在降低肉鸭死淘方面也有明显的效果,死淘率由霉变组的56.3%降低为32.7%。可立吸对修复肉鸭肝脏损伤均具有较好的效果,血清生化指标显示:相对于霉变组,2 kg/t可立吸组肉鸭谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶分别降低了39.08%和16.04%。血清碱性磷酸酶、总胆固醇分别提高了31.15%和17.95%。综上所述,在肉鸭日粮中添加可立吸具有很好的脱毒解毒功效,对肉鸭肝脏损伤具有很好的修复作用。     

霉菌毒素吸附剂的理想特征

伴随着每个收获季节的到来,农场主和畜牧生产者为了保证牲畜健康及其饲料质量安全,需要面对众多挑战.霉菌或真菌及其产生的霉菌毒素是畜牧生产中永远存在的威胁,对任何一家追求成功的畜牧养殖场或饲料厂而言,有效的霉菌毒素控制比以往任何时候都显得更为重要.     

霉菌毒素吸附剂对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

在基础日粮中添加0.2%的霉菌毒素吸附剂使产蛋率提高11.22%,差异极显著(P<0.01);蛋重提高2.3%,蛋的破损率比对照组降低7.8%,差异不显著(P>0.05);死淘率下降17%;饲料利用率提高8.7%(P>0.05)。     

饲料霉菌毒素吸附剂研究进展北大核心CSCD

霉菌毒素污染是危害畜牧业的主要风险因子之一。全球每年约有25%的农产品受到霉菌毒素污染,我国霉菌毒素污染情况尤为严重,与饲料污染关系密切的霉菌毒素主要有黄曲霉毒素B1、呕吐毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、伏马霉素、T⁃2毒素、赭曲霉毒素A等。饲料中添加毒素吸附剂是目前应用最为广泛的脱毒方法。本文综述了饲料霉菌毒素污染情况、毒性作用、毒素吸附剂研究进展。重点围绕污染情况严重且吸附难度较大的呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮,进行吸附剂种类、作用机理与效果的探讨,结合本团队通过对蒙脱石的改性提高吸附剂效率和改善动物生产性能的研究结果,展示了解决饲料霉菌毒素污染问题的方案,并对其进一步研究开发提出了策略和建议。     

饲料中霉菌毒素的控制

世界上每年大约有25％的谷物遭受各种霉菌污染,因污染程度不同,造成不同地区损失差异较大。西方国家多对饲料中的黄曲霉毒素有规定,且丹麦不仅限制饲料中而且也检查肉品中的黄曲霉毒素。中国是霉菌毒素的重灾国。因为我们谷物生长条件不成熟,饲料原料收获及干燥过程中设备条件不够,管理不当及一些无法避免的原因如机器翻晒过程中的压碎造成霉菌污染程度的增加,以及养     

霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉鸡血液生化指标的影响

本试验研究了三种霉菌毒素吸附剂：酯化葡萄糖基甘露聚糖(EGM)、水合硅铝酸钠钙(HSCAS)和活性炭(AC)减少自然污染低水平霉菌毒素日粮对肉鸡的影响效果。     

Effect of high moisture storage of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) with or without feed enzymes on growth and nutrient utilization in broiler chickens

Effect of reconstitution of pearl millet with or without enzymes on its utilization in broiler chickens was studied. The pearl millet grains were reconstituted by adding water to raise the moisture level to 30%, followed by storage in sealed plastic buckets with or without feed enzymes (0.5 g/kg) for 21 days at room temperature (25°C). Subsequently, the grains were sun-dried to reduce the moisture content up to 10% to avoid mould growth. Nine dietary treatments were formulated incorporating pearl millet either raw with or without enzymes or reconstituted with or without enzymes in maize-soya based control diet replacing maize at 50 and 75% levels. The birds fed on diets containing enzyme reconstituted pearl millet accrued higher body weight than maize based control diet. Addition of enzymes to raw pearl-millet based diet improved the body weight gain significantly. The reconstitution of pearl millet with or without enzymes increased ( P  < 0.01) the dietary nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) values and the highest improvement (6.11%) was recorded in diets containing pearl millet reconstituted with enzymes at 75% level of maize replacement. The percent nitrogen retention in pearl millet based diets was comparable to maize based control diet. It may be concluded that the supplementation of the feed enzymes or reconstitution of pearl millet may improve the utilization of pearl millet in broiler chickens.     

The effect of feed intake on ileal rate of passage and apparent amino acid digestibility determined with or without correction factors in pigs

The apparent ileal digestibilities of amino acids and rate of passage were evaluated in pigs (BW = 78.3 +/- 7.4 kg) fed a semipurified diet. The pigs were fed 1.82, 2.73, or 3.65 kg DMI/d. The highest level of feed intake was considered to be ad libitum feeding. The pigs were fed according to a 3 x 3 Latin square design and were allowed to adapt to each experimental diet for 5 d. This was followed by 1 d of continuous collection of ileal digesta and a 2nd d of continuous collection separated into six 2-h postprandial time blocks. Ytterbium chloride hexahydrate was used to determine rate of passage. The ileal digestibilities of amino acids and rate of passage were unaffected (P > 0.05) by level of feed intake. The use of correction factors to more accurately express amino acid concentrations in the diet and digesta affected (P < 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of some amino acids.     

The effect of dietary supplementation with globin and spray-dried porcine plasma on performance,digestibility and histomorphological traits in broiler chickens

This study evaluated the effects of globin and spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) on growth performance, digestibility, nitrogen retention, energy retention efficiency (ERE) and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 336-day-old male broiler chickens were reared from 1 to 40 days of age and fed 3 diets (8 replicates/diet, 14 birds/replicate) during 3 feeding phases: starter (1–12 days), grower (12–25 days) and finisher (25–40 days). Isonitrogenous diets were formulated by replacing gluten protein isolate contained in the control diet (C diet) with 2% (starter) or 1% (grower and finisher) spray-dried porcine plasma in the plasma diet (SDPP diet). The globin diet (G diet) was obtained by adding globin on the top of C diet at a dose of 0.08% for the whole rearing period. Total tract apparent digestibility (aD), nitrogen retention and ERE were assessed during the three growing phases. At 12  and 40 days of age, one bird per pen was slaughtered to sample gut, liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius for histomorphological investigations. The SDPP diet increased body weights of chickens at 12 (+60 g; p < .001), 25 (+101 g; p < .001) and 40 days (+130 g; p = .018) of age compared to C and G diets. Also SDPP improved crude protein aD (+9.7%) and ERE (+12.3%) during the starter phase (p < .001). Dietary globin and SDPP inclusion did not affect either the gut morphology or the histopathological findings in birds at 12 and 40 days of age, despite a numerical (+6.90% and +7.40% respectively) villus height improvement in the SDPP group. Overall, these results confirm that dietary supplementation with SDPP and, to a lesser extent, with globin can improve growth performance and dietary protein and energy utilization in broiler chickens without effect on gut functionality.     

The effect of dietary lysozyme with EDTA on growth performance and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens in each period of the growth cycle

Lysozyme is a potential replacement for antibiotics in the poultry industry. Two trials were conducted using new or used litter to determine the effect of 100 ppm lysozyme in feed on growth performance and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens in each period of the growth cycle. The new litter trial and used litter trial were each analyzed as a one-way analysis of variance with length of time in which 100 ppm lysozyme was fed to the birds as the main factor (no lysozyme d zero to 35; positive lysozyme d zero to 4; positive lysozyme d 5 to 14; positive lysozyme d 15 to 24; positive lysozyme d 25 to 35; positive lysozyme d zero to 35; positive virginiamycin d zero to 35). Effects of lysozyme were not detected under clean conditions (P > 0.05). When used litter was provided, growth performance was not improved by lysozyme (P > 0.05). However, feeding lysozyme to birds from d 5 to 14 and throughout the trial reduced the number of E. coli in the ileum compared with feeding virginiamycin (positive lysozyme d 5 to 14 and zero to 35, and virginiamycin d zero to 35: 1.7 × 10⁴ cfu g⁻¹, 1.9 × 10⁴ cfu g⁻¹ and 9.3 × 10⁴ cfu g⁻¹, respectively) to birds (P < 0.05). Dietary lysozyme at 100 ppm can change intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens.     

The effect of feed supplementation with a copper‐glycine chelate and copper sulphate on selected humoral and cell‐mediated immune parameters,plasma superoxide dismutase activity,ceruloplasmin and cytokine concentration in broiler chickens

The varied bioavailability and different effects of organic forms of copper on the immune system of poultry have prompted the search for new feed additives based on copper compounds containing modified chelate complexes. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of inorganic and organic forms of copper on selected parameters of the cellular and humoral immune response in broiler chickens by determining the percentages of CD3⁺CD4⁺, CD3⁺CD8⁺ and CD25⁺ lymphocytes, cells with MHC Class II expression, and BU‐1⁺ cells, as well as the concentrations of SOD, IL‐2, IL‐10 and TNF‐α in the peripheral blood. The experiments were conducted using 500 one‐day‐old Ross 308 roosters divided into five groups. Cu was added in inorganic form (CuSO₄), in inorganic form with the addition of phytase (CuSO4 + F), in organic form in combination with glycine (Cu‐Gly) and in organic form in combination with glycine and a phytase supplement (Cu‐Gly+F). The results of the study indicate an increase in the percentage of CD3⁺CD4⁺ and CD3⁺CD8⁺ T lymphocytes, CD25⁺ T cells, and cells expressing MHC class II molecules, and in the concentration of ceruloplasmin, activity of superoxide dismutase and the concentration of IL‐2 in the groups that received copper, particularly copper‐glycine chelates. Based on the study, we can conclude that supplementation of poultry feed with copper chelates activates mainly the Th1 cellular immune response and the response of peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Furthermore, it promotes secretion of cytokines, which are involved in potentiation and regulation of the immune response in birds.