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采用菌丝生长速率法,对采自广西6个冬瓜和黄瓜产区的116株瓜类疫霉菌进行烯酰吗啉的敏感性检测。结果表明:敏感菌株和中间型菌株分别占测试菌株的8.6%和91.4%,以中间型菌株为优势菌群,所有样区均未检测到抗性菌株;待测菌株的EC50值范围为0.081 3~1.340 0μg/m L,最不敏感菌株是最敏感菌株的16倍,平均EC50值为(0.274 6±0.092 8)μg/m L;116株瓜类疫霉对烯酰吗啉的敏感性分布呈单峰曲线,未出现敏感性下降的亚群体,可将其单峰曲线作为瓜类疫霉对烯酰吗啉的敏感性基线,将烯酰吗啉对该病原群体的平均EC50值作为田间抗药性检测的参考标准。通过室内对敏感菌株进行药剂驯化选育20代,获得抗性指数大于2.0的抗药突变体3株;采用紫外线处理未获得有明显抗性的突变体。3株突变体的部分生物学性状结果表明,突变体对寄主的致病力明显弱于其亲本菌株,突变株DRGL-4和DRYL-154菌株几乎丧失致病力;在不同p H及不同温度培养条件下,部分抗药突变体菌丝生长率与亲本菌株相比均有不同程度的提高。综合分析表明,在当前的管理水平和栽培模式下,瓜类疫霉菌抗药突变体群体在田间难以形成和发展,烯酰吗啉属于低抗性风险的用于防治瓜类疫病的有效杀菌剂。 相似文献
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《福建热作科技》2015,(3)
2010年—2014年通过对华安县种植大户的生产基地、专业合作社、收购点、农贸市场抽检的蔬菜,采用快速检测——酶抑制率法进行检测蔬菜中农药残留量,参照福建省"治理餐桌污染"蔬菜农药残留合格率的指标要求评价其安全性。结果表明,2010-2014年对397个涉及绿叶菜类、白菜类等12种类蔬菜中农药残留的合格率平均为98.0%,2011-2014年合格率均不小于97.8%,符合福建省"治理餐桌污染"蔬菜农药残留合格率的指标要求;不同种类的蔬菜、不同时间的蔬菜中农药残留的合格率有均有一定的差异,芥菜类、薯芋类、瓜类的蔬菜农药残留安全性较差,农药残留合格率春节期间大于劳动节期间国庆节期间元旦期间;蔬菜农药残留安全性潜在着很大的风险,不同蔬菜品种的风险程度有很大的差异。 相似文献
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我国棉虫抗药性现状与治理对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
棉花害虫抗药性已成为当今世界棉虫防治的一大难题,对棉花生产的持续、稳定发展构成极大威胁。全世界已报道有30多种棉虫对不同种类的杀虫剂产生了抗性,居各类农作物害虫之首。我国已报道有8种棉 相似文献
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西番莲病害研究课题组 《热带作物学报》1993,14(1):75-78
描述了福建西番莲(Passiflora edulis Sims)栽培区发生的西番莲疫病的症状。其病原菌经鉴定为烟草疫霉(Phytophthora nicotianae B.de Haan)。抗病性试验结果表明,黄果种(P.edulis var flavicarpa Degener)具有抗性,而紫果种(P.edulis Sims)易感病。高温、高湿可能是该病害发生的主要环境因素。 相似文献
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Decreased sensitivity of Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht.) Poll. (powdery mildew of cucurbits) to ergosterol-biosynthesis inhibitors (EBIs) which inhibit 14C-demethylation, has been found in areas where these fungicides have been used frequently for several seasons. Relatively low sensitivity was associated with poor disease control in some cases, especially in field-grown cucurbits. Isolates less sensitive to EBIs which inhibit 14C-demethylation were sensitive to fungicides with different modes of action. In order to ensure their continued usefulness it is recommended to reduce selection pressure by using EBIs inhibiting 14C-demethylation during only a part of the growing season. 相似文献
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不同杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病的田间防效试验 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
马铃薯晚疫病是马铃薯生产中一种普遍发生、危害严重的病害,杀菌剂防治该病仍是生产中采用的主要措施。本试验采用氟吡菌胺和霜霉威、噁霜·锰锌、烯酰吗啉和多菌灵4种农药,从发病初期开始连续进行2次施药防治晚疫病。结果表明,4种杀菌剂均有较好的防治效果,68.75%氟吡菌胺和霜霉威SC 1000倍、64%噁霜·锰锌WP 300倍、50%烯酰吗啉WP 1500倍和50%多菌灵WP 500倍施用2次后,平均防治效果分别为76.8%、70.0%、71.0%和62.0%,前3种杀菌剂的防效明显好于后者。 相似文献
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Paul C. Struik 《Potato Research》2010,53(4):277-287
Late blight is a devastating disease in potato production world-wide. Breeding for resistance is complex because of the versatile
and aggressive population of Phytophthora infestans, which overcomes any new genetic source of resistance very rapidly. There are reliable fungicides available to control the
disease, but chemical control is costly and harmful to the environment. There are no cultural practices reducing the infestation,
which are reliable enough to cope with the disease in a non-chemical way. Given the close link between the physiological condition
of the crop and its resistance to late blight, this paper addresses the question whether crop physiology can help to combat
the disease. Although there are possibilities to (partly) escape to the late blight by advancing the crop cycle or the tuber
bulking, it is concluded that crop physiology can do little to reliably reduce the susceptibility to late blight. Breeding
for resistance remains the best option. 相似文献