赤霉素、乙烯和硝酸银处理对4种类型西瓜性型诱导的研究

<正>目的与意义:在葫芦科作物中利用雌性系育种具有重要的价值,西瓜是一种重要的葫芦科作物,其花的类型包括:雌雄异花、雄花完全花、三性花、雌花完全花、全雌花、完全花和全雄花。在葫芦科作物中,花的性型受到基因、激素及环境因子的多种因素调控。赤霉素、乙烯及硝酸银被报道可以调控黄瓜性型,但在西瓜中的作用尚不明确。利用4     

黄瓜的性型表现和应用

一般来说,黄瓜是雌雄异花同株植物。但在植株群体中有时会出现雌性株和雄性株;也有雌雄同花现象;还有雄(或雌)花和完全花同株的单株[23]。在黄瓜的花原基里,雄蕊和雌蕊两者都有[14]。它既可能发育成雄花,也可能发育成雌花,还可能是完全花。那么最终是什么花是由什么决定的呢?是由遗传和环境两方面因素共同决定的[5][15]。 一、黄瓜性型表现的遗传因素 各种性型表现的基础是遗传因子,即基因。如雄花、雌花和完全花同株性状是由单基因“Tr”控制的。雌性株是由单显性基因“F”控制同时还受许多修饰基因和环境的影响。所以,一个植株具有“F”…     

甜瓜开花生物学观察

<正> 影响甜瓜开花的因素很多,研究这些因素对甜瓜栽培和育种工作有很大意义. 由于遗传基础的差异,甜瓜的性型有两性花株、雄花和完全花同株、雌雄同株和雌性株等.我国常见的栽培种,厚皮甜瓜多为雄花和完全花同株(完全花亦称结实花)型,很多薄皮甜瓜和少数厚皮甜瓜为雌雄同株.     

正常成熟与不成熟西瓜果实中ACS、ACO基因表达及乙烯产生的动态比较

<正>目的与意义:乙烯对非呼吸跃变型果实的成熟调控机制尚不明确。西瓜果实属于非呼吸跃变型果实,据报道称,外源乙烯处理会导致西瓜果实软化加速和水脱。以呼吸跃变型果实番茄为对照,拟测定西瓜果实乙烯的释放量和组织乙烯(CIE)含量,分析乙烯合成酶基因ACS和ACO基因在不同类型西瓜果实成熟过程中表达量变化,希望能解     

甜瓜全雌系转育的性型遗传研究简报

通过对甜瓜全雌系转育过程的性型遗传分析,初步认定,甜瓜花的性型由一组显隐关系的雌性化功能基因与雄性化功能基因和一组具显隐关系的两性花功能基因与单性雌花功能基因协调控制。基因gy系由一组不完全连锁的雌性化功能基因组成的全雌性化功能团;基因型gygy,植株上无雄花;基因GY系由一组雄性化功能基因与少量雌性化功能基因组成的强雄性化功能团,为普通雄全同株与雌雄异花同株甜瓜的基因型;基因型GY_,植株上多数为雄花,少量雌花;基因gy1系基因gy释放1个雌性化功能基因,添加1个雄性化功能基因,重组产生的强雌性化功能团;基因a、g、a3为两性花隐性基因,基因A、G、A3为单性雌花显性基因,基因g、a3为基因a的共显性基因,部分杂合组合表现为共显性;a3为产生子房发育不全两性雌花的基因;基因型gygyAA、gygyA_G_表现为全雌系;基因型gygyAagg表现为雌花两性花株;基因型ygyaa表现为两性花株。基因型GY_AA、GY_A_G_表现为雌雄异花同株;基因型gy1gy1Aagg、GY_Aagg表现为三性花株;基因型GY_aa表现为雄全同株。     

温度与生长调节剂对西瓜性型分化的影响

为探究西瓜雌花和雄花的发生规律,调控西瓜开花顺序,简化西瓜杂交制种过程,本试验以西瓜品种雪龙1号为材料,在苗期对其进行不同昼夜温度和不同浓度乙烯利、缩节胺处理,统计西瓜性型分化表达情况,并通过高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定西瓜幼苗茎尖内源激素含量.试验结果表明,缩节胺对西瓜性型分化表达的影响与温度有关,在适宜的较高温度下喷...     

北京市农林科学院许勇团队解析西瓜雌性系控制基因功能

正2019年9月16日,北京市农林科学院许勇团队在《The Plant Journal》在线发表了题为"A unique chromosome translocation disrupting ClW IP1 leads to gynoecy in watermelon"的研究论文。该研究首次阐明了西瓜性别决定的关键基因ClW IP1及分子调控机制,并利用基因编辑技术成功创制了首例西瓜人工雌性株,为利用雌性基因快速提高制种效率奠定了重要科学基础。普通的西瓜品种是雌雄异花同株植物,在其主茎上按一定的周期顺序开几朵雄花后就会出现1朵雌花。在西瓜杂交制     

西瓜3种性型花器官性别分化的细胞形态学观察

以西瓜3种性型(雌雄异花同株系、全雌系和完全花雄花系)的雄花、雌花和完全花3种花芽为材料,制成石蜡切片,进行西瓜花芽不同发育时期的细胞形态学观察。结果表明:西瓜3种性型之间性别分化起始及同种性别之间花器官发育过程并没有明显的形态学差异。雄花、雌花和完全花3种花芽分化首先要经过一个两性期,即雄蕊原基和雌蕊原基同时存在时期,在两性期之前三者不存在明显的形态学差异;当花芽长度为0.8~1.0mm时两性期结束,开始雄花、雌花和完全花的差异发育,此后雄花和完全花的雄蕊原基快速增大,雌花和完全花的雌蕊原基开始分化为柱头和子房。在3种花芽发育过程中,完全花的花芽在两性期后明显比同时期的雄花、雌花的花芽长度更长。全雌系中的"畸形雌花"出现在两性期后,雌蕊原基的凹陷发育过程受阻,而本该停止发育的雄蕊原基继续分化,最终发育成可产生少量成熟花粉粒的雄蕊。     

硝酸银和赤霉素对西瓜雌性系诱雄效果的影响

为了探索硝酸银和赤霉素对西瓜雌性系诱雄效果及生长发育的影响,以雌雄异花同株材料‘XHB’和‘TS409’及其血缘相同的两个雌性系突变体‘XHBGM’和‘TGS409’为试材,于春、秋两季,在西瓜苗期喷施不同质量浓度的硝酸银(100、300、500 mg·L~(-1))和赤霉素(500、1 000、1 500 mg·L~(-1)),调查了处理后植株高度、茎粗度等生长指标及各单株前30个节位内雄花、雌花、两性花的数量。结果表明,赤霉素可促使雌雄异花同株材料产生更多的雄花,但在雌性系材料上无明显的诱雄效果,植株表现徒长现象,植株高度、节间长度明显增加,茎粗度、叶片叶绿素含量显著降低。硝酸银在雌性系和雌雄异花同株材料上均可诱导产生两性花,秋季效果更为明显,且质量浓度越高,诱雄效果越好,但高质量浓度的硝酸银对植株生长产生抑制作用,甚至导致植物死亡;300 mg·L~(-1)是诱导西瓜雌性系有效产生两性花的最佳质量浓度,对植株伤害较小,秋季诱雄效果更佳,生产上可采用此方法来繁殖西瓜雌性系。     

具有2套花器官分化系统的葫芦科植物性别决定机制分析

通过对甜瓜性别决定机制的研究发现,乙烯通过激活ACC合成酶(ACS)合成1-氨基环丙烷羧酸(ACC)发育心皮促雌,竞争前体S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)抑制雄性基因发育雄蕊抑雄;以葫芦科雌雄异花同株植物有两套花器官分化系统为突破点,用甜瓜两套花器官分化系统,4个性器官发育系统的互作机制,对黄瓜、西瓜、节瓜、喷瓜的性别决定机制进行分析,以另类的观点阐明了葫芦科植物的性别决定机制。     

Expression and significance of 4-1BB/4-1BBL and IL-15 in the experimental autoimmune myocarditis

AIM: To establish the animal model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in BALB/c mice and to investigate the expression and significance of 4-1BB/4-1BBL and IL-15 in mouse EAM. METHODS: Cardiac myosin was extracted from porcine ventricular myocardium. Genetically predisposed BALB/c mice were immunized with cardiac myosin covered by complete freunds adjuvant (CFA) on 1 d, 8 d and 30 d. The control mice were immunized with CFA only. On 21 d and 80 d after the first immunization, the areas of inflammation were identified by HE staining and cTnI was examined. Then 4-1BBL and IL-15 were determined by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. The mRNA levels of 4-1BB/4-1BBL and IL-15 were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: In experimental group, histopathological examination of cardiac tissue showed an obvious inflammatory cell infiltration with myocyte necrosis at 21 d, the cTnI was higher than that in control group. On 80 d, fibrosis and a few inflammatory cells were observed. The cTnI in EAM group was still higher than that in control group (P<0.05). No inflammation and fibrosis were emerged in the myocardium of control mice. In addition, as compared with control groups, immunohistochemistry and mRNA abundance for both 4-1BB/4-1BBL and IL-15 were up-regulated at acute phase of the EAM model (P<0.01). On 80 d, the mRNA abundance was still up-regulated (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The expressions of 4-1BB/4-1BBL and IL-15 in myocardium are up-regulated in experimental autoimmune myocarditis. The 4-1BB/4-1BBL costimulating pathway and IL-15 may play a role in the occurrence and development of autoimmune myocardtis.     

网纹甜瓜新品种海蜜4号的选育

海蜜4号厚皮甜瓜的父母本分别是从国外引进的2个优良杂交种,经多代自交分离定向选择而成的优良自交系。海蜜4号为中熟网纹甜瓜,开花后40-45d成熟。果实整齐美观,高圆形,果皮灰白色,网纹均匀;肉色淡绿,肉厚4.2cm,中心可溶性固形物含量14%以上,肉质松脆;不脱蒂,耐贮运。植株生长健壮,抗病性强。单果重1.5kg左右,产量2000-2500kg/667m2。耐高温,适合春秋季栽培,秋季栽培表现尤为出色。2004年11月通过国家级甜瓜新品种鉴定。     

Clinical significance of 4-1BBL protein expression in human glioma tissues

AIM: To investigate the expression of 4-1BBL(CD137L) protein in human glioma tissues, and to analyze its clinical significance. METHODS: The expression levels of 4-1BBL protein in 82 human glioma specimens were measured by the method of immunohistochemistry. The correlation of 4-1BBL protein level with histopathologic features and survival time was analyzed. RESULTS: 4-1BBL protein positive cells were observed in human brain astrocytic tumors, which were not found in meningioma and normal brain tissues. In our study, the expression of 4-1BBL protein in 3 cases of normal brain tissues was negative. The expression of 4-1BBL protein in 31 cases of glioma specimens were positive, and total positive rate was 37.8% (31/82). The expression of 4-1BBL protein was related to the survival time and age of the patients, but not related to the pathological grade of glioma. Statistically, the patients with positive expression of 4-1BBL protein had longer survival time (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Expression of 4-1BBL protein may have reference value to predict the prognosis of patients with glioma.     

β - 1, 4 - 甘露聚糖内切酶在番茄发育中的作用

 以番茄为例, 对β - 1, 4 - 甘露聚糖内切酶EC31211178在种子发芽、花药花粉发育和果实成熟等过程中所充当的角色加以综述, 进而说明该酶的功能和作用, 并阐述了甘露聚糖内切酶参与植物发育调控机理的研究方向和甘露聚糖内切酶基因的应用方向。     

Proapoptotic mechanism and changes of endogenous TGF-β1 in NB4 cells induced by exogenous TGF-β1

AIM: To study the effects of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on cell apoptosis, cell cycle, production of endogenous TGF-β1, expressions of P27Kip1, cyclin E and bcl-2 mRNA levels in NB4 cells. METHODS: Apoptotic morphological changes were observed by Wright-Giemsa staining. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected with flow cytometry. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to examine the mRNA levels of endogenous TGF-β1, P27Kip1, cyclin E and bcl-2. RESULTS: TGF-β1 significantly restrained the growth and promoted the apoptosis of NB4 cells. The blockage of NB4 cells treated by TGF-β1 at concentration of 5 μg/L was in G1 phase. Endogenous TGF-β1 mRNA expression in NB4 cells was up-regulated when the concentration of exogenous TGF-β1 was <5 μg/L. Meanwhile, the expression of endogenous TGF-β1 mRNA was down-regulated when the concentration of exogenous TGF-β1 was 10 μg/L. After treated with TGF-β1 at concentration of 5 μg/L, P27Kip1 mRNA expression in NB4 cells was up-regulated, cyclin E and bcl-2 were reduced. CONCLUSION: TGF-β1 is able to induce apoptosis and cell cycle distribution abnormally in NB4 cells by (1) Up-regulation of endogenous TGF-β1, so that NB4 cells was induced into apoptosis through consequently high expression of P27Kip1. (2) TGF-β1 may lead to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the expression of cyclin E directly, or by inhibiting the activity of cyclin E through the increased expression of P27Kip1. (3) Down-regulation of bcl-2 induces apoptosis of NB4 cells.     

早熟茄子新品种新茄4号的选育

新茄4号母本4号茄是从新疆长茄中经多代单株人工自交定向选育出的优良株系,父本25号茄是由从浙江省引进的地方品种Y25经多代单株人工自交定向选育出的优良株系。该一代杂种生长势强,极早熟,定植至始收门茄30d(天),坐果力强,果实细长,皮紫红色发亮,肉绿白色。早春露地栽培,前期产量每667m~2 1 178.9kg左右,总产量2 500kg左右;早春大棚栽培前期产量每667m~2 1 781.6kg,总产量4 55kg左右,最高6 056kg。适于新疆冬春温室、大棚、小棚等早熟栽培,也适合海拔1 650m以下前山地带露地覆膜栽培或早春露地栽培。     

黄瓜新品种绿园4号的选育

绿园4号是由韩国引进材料B21经过5代单株自交选择而成的雌性系281作母本,由中农8号经过6代单株自交选择而成的自交系L3作父本配制而成的黄瓜一代杂种。植株长势强,节间中等长,叶色深绿;果实商品性好,商品瓜长约30 cm,瓜把短,刺瘤明显;早熟,抗黄瓜花叶病毒病、细菌性角斑病、中抗霜霉病,春露地栽培每667 m2产量5 500 kg左右,适宜我国长江以北地区露地春季、秋季及塑料大棚秋季栽培。     

苦瓜新品种湘苦瓜4号的选育

湘苦瓜４ 号是以湖南省地方品种宁远苦瓜中选出的自交系００３ ２ ４ 为母本,以广东的一地方品种通过双株选择法选出的自交系Ｃ５３ 为父本而育成的绿苦瓜一代杂种,果实棍棒状,油绿色,果长３０ ．５ ｃｍ ,横径６ ｃｍ 左右,平均单果质量３００ ｇ。从定植到始收约４５ ｄ（ 天） ,一般６６７ ｍ２产量２ ８００ ｋｇ,抗霜霉病、枯萎病,中抗病毒病。目前已在湖南、湖北、四川、江西等地示范推广。     

High glucose up-regulates TRAIL-R4 expression in THP-1 cells and smooth muscle cells

AIM: To evaluate the expression of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 4 (TRAIL-R4) of THP-1 cells and human aorta smooth muscle cells under high glucose intervention. METHODS: Monocytic cell line THP-1 was incubated with PMA to induce to mature macrophage, Adhesion molecules CD11b and CD11c were assessed by FACS. TRAIL-R4 levels in THP-1 cells treated with different glucose concentrations were determined by Western blotting. The changes of TRAIL-R4 protein expressions were observed at different time points in human aorta smooth muscle cells. Western blotting was employed to evaluate TRAIL-R4 levels after the intervention of PKC activator. RESULTS: Incubation with 160 nmol/L PMA induced mature macrophages. TRAIL-R4 expression was up-regulated after incubation with 20 mmol/L glucose in macrophages. TRAIL-R4 was elevated in a time course manner under high glucose level in human aorta smooth muscle cells. Moreover, activation of PKC induced TRAIL-R4 expressions. CONCLUSION: Up-regulated TRAIL-R4 protein levels induced by high glucose levels might inhibit apoptosis of monocytes and smooth muscle cells and contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis.     

DlSx-AF4S标记在柿及其杂交后代性别鉴定中的有效性研究

柿（Diospyros kaki Thunb.）优良品种一般仅开雌花且单性结实能力强,早期剔除雄性后代是提高育种效率的重要措施。在柿的近缘种君迁子（D. lotus L.）中已经筛选出一个与雄性性状紧密连锁的DlSx-AF4S标记,但其在包括栽培柿及其杂交后代性别鉴定中的有效性尚不完全明确。利用该标记对268份相关试材进行性别鉴定,并与其花性观察结果相比较。结果表明：（1）116份柿（D. kaki）种质中除‘罗田甜柿’、‘兴义水柿’、‘甘百目’、‘商城冬柿’外,其余112份试材的DlSx-AF4S标记鉴定结果与其田间性别表现一致,鉴别率96.6%;（2）11个柿（D. kaki）杂交组合共118份F1代中有51份进入成花状态,DlSx-AF4S标记检测与已知花性的46份试材一致,鉴别率90.2%;（3）DlSx-AF4S标记在‘华柿1号’ב罗田甜柿’F1代中呈现近1︰1分离;（4）DlSx-AF4S标记在柿和君迁子之外的其他供试柿属植物中也表现出良好的通用性。以上结果表明,DlSx-AF4S标记可用于柿及其杂交后代雄性性别的早期鉴定。