宁夏设施冬春茬黄瓜品种比较试验

引进了10个黄瓜品种,在设施内进行了冬春茬品种比较,以期筛选适宜宁夏设施冬春茬栽培的黄瓜品种,为全区设施黄瓜生产提供依据。试验结果表明,盛丰-8A、德尔99B、德尔88、津优35、博美626和京研108均适合在宁夏设施内栽培及推广。     

河北省设施黄瓜主推品种

<正>目前,河北省黄瓜品种以天津科润黄瓜研究所的津优、津春、津绿系列和天津德瑞特种业有限公司的黄瓜品种为主。具体品种由于各地栽培形式、气候条件、生产习惯等也不尽相同。如永清县温室越冬一大茬黄瓜主栽品种有津优35号、津优36号、博美16-1和博美169。青县春大棚黄瓜主栽品种有博美507,秋大棚黄瓜有德瑞特223,温室黄瓜为津优35号。高邑县温室黄瓜主栽品种有津优35号。     

秋延迟黄瓜品种比较试验

对4份华北型黄瓜品种进行秋延迟栽培试验。结果表明:‘2005C20’和‘2007C57’表现较好。‘2005C20’前期产量高于对照‘津优1号’,总产量极显著高于对照‘津优1号’,高抗枯萎病和白粉病,果色深绿,长圆筒形,商品瓜率高,单瓜重145.6 g;‘2007C57’前期产量和总产量都极显著高于对照‘津优1号’,高抗枯萎病和白粉病,果色深绿,长圆筒形,瓜条整齐、畸形瓜少,单瓜重162.7 g。两品种表现比华北型黄瓜代表品种‘津优1号’有明显优势,因此具有很好的推广价值。     

品种品牌推介 ———黄瓜主栽品种和潜力品种

编辑部根据对全国各地蔬菜主栽品种的调查结果，从品种的栽培面积、产量、市场销售、品质等方面综合考虑，筛选出一批优秀的品种，并邀请品种育成单位自荐1～2 个最具发展潜力的品种供读者参考。本期首先刊出黄瓜的主栽品种津优35 号、中农26号、博耐13，和自荐的潜力品种津优303、津优48号、中农18 号、中农116 号、博美4 号、博美301。     

品种品牌推介——黄瓜主栽品种和潜力品种

编辑部根据对全国各地蔬菜主栽品种的调查结果,从品种的栽培面积、产量、市场销售、品质等方面综合考虑,筛选出一批优秀的品种,并邀请品种育成单位自荐1—2个最具发展潜力的品种供读者参考。本期首先刊出黄瓜的主栽品种津优35号、中农26号、博耐13,和自荐的潜力品种津优303、津优48号、中农18号、申农116号、博美4号、博美301。     

春露地黄瓜新组合比较试验

为筛选出适合天津周边地区栽培的露地黄瓜优良新品种,选取47个新杂交组合,在武清试验场进行比较调查试验。本试验从植物学特性、商品性、抗病性和产量等方面进行比较和评价。结果表明:‘DS-9’和‘DS-13’组合商品性优、抗病性好、产量高,性状表现均优于对照品种‘津优48号’和‘津优401号’,综合表现突出,适合于天津周边地区大范围推广种植。     

设施黄瓜新品种引种筛选试验

针对当前设施黄瓜品种普遍存在生育期、产量及抗病性等农艺性状良莠不齐的问题,对引进的11个黄瓜新品种进行引种筛选试验,以期筛选出综合性状优良的品种。结果表明：‘富阳5号’和‘早丰56’的综合性状最佳,‘宝丰’、‘奥运之星’较好,均可作为当地塑料大棚栽培的黄瓜优良品种来推广种植,可取得良好的经济效益。     

油亮型黄瓜博美号在五莲地区的种植表现

博美8号是天津德瑞特种业有限公司2012年育成的油亮型露地黄瓜新品种。该品种商品性优良，瓜条油亮，对霜霉病、白粉病、枯萎病、病毒病抗性强，丰产稳产性好。     

宁夏设施砂培黄瓜品种筛选研究

利用砂培技术,研究比较了7个引种至宁夏的黄瓜品种植物学性状、果实商品性状、果实品质及产量。结果表明:"白黄瓜"商品性状好,口感较好,品质较优,"新玉1号"果实商品性状及口感与"白黄瓜"无显著差异,但产量显著高于"白黄瓜",因此分别从品质和产量考虑,"白黄瓜"和"新玉1号"适宜作为特色黄瓜在宁夏地区推广;"德尔99"商品性状较好,植株长势较强,维生素C含量较高,667m2产量5 470.28kg为所有品种中最高,因此"德尔99"适宜作为‘深绿色黄瓜’在宁夏地区推广。     

秋延迟黄瓜品种比较试验

对4份黄瓜品种进行秋延迟栽培试验。结果表明，2007C57前期产量和总产量都排第一，高抗细菌性角斑病和白粉病，比两对照翠绿和津优1号抗枯萎病，果色深绿，棒状，瓜条整齐，畸形瓜少。其表现比青岛地区的主栽品种翠绿及华北型黄瓜代表品种津优1号表现都有明显优势。     

甜油桃新品种美秋和红芙蓉

美秋、红芙蓉甜油桃成熟期分别在 8月中旬和 8月下旬 ,属中熟和晚熟甜油桃品种。 2个品种果型大或特大 ,外观艳丽 ,品质上等 ,丰产 ,适应性强。 2 0 0 0年 6月通过北京市农作物品种审定委员会审定。目前 2个品种已在北京、山东、辽宁、河北等省 (市 )推广 67hm2 。     

3个甜樱桃新品种

甜樱桃原产欧洲,早期引进我国的品种主要有大紫、那翁、黄玉、滨库、大锦等.20世纪60～70年代大连市农业科学研究所等科研单位育成了红灯、红艳、红蜜、巨红、佳红、红樱桃等品种.为提高甜樱桃品种的市场竞争力,我们于20世纪80年代开始樱桃实生育种,以期育出新的优良品种.     

黄瓜耐热性研究进展

综述了高温胁迫下黄瓜体内蛋白质的变性和凝聚、SOD等膜保护酶、游离脯氨酸的变化,激素的抗高温胁迫机制及在热刺激传导中的作用,黄瓜幼苗叶片叶绿素含量下降,光合能力降低,黄瓜主根变长、变细,根系趋于须根化,影响黄瓜结实率和雌花单性结实等的研究结果;讨论了黄瓜耐热性遗传规律,关注了相关作物的耐热性QTL定位及耐热性相关基因分离的进展;总结出畸形瓜率、高温下胁迫胚根长度、耐热性预测方程等可作为黄瓜耐热性鉴定指标而花粉耐热性不能作为筛选指标;以及苗期生长势、叶片热害指数、细胞电解质渗透率、子叶相对电导率(RC)等可作为耐热性鉴定的方法;提出了黄瓜耐热性可供研究方向的建议。     

6个扁桃品种引种试验初报

本文通过对美国品种引种研究表明:6个扁桃品种浓帕烈(Nonpareil)、索诺拉(Sonora)、汤姆逊(Thompson)、米星(Mis-sion)、尼普露斯(Nepulusu ltera)、布特(Butte),综合性状表现优良,抗逆性较强,适宜在新疆莎车地区发展。     

Chilling requirements of Paeonia cultivars

Dormant second year potted plants of Paeonia ‘Coral Sunset’, ‘Monsieur Jules Elie’, and ‘Sarah Bernhardt’ were placed into three chilling regimes (constant 1, 4, or 7°C) for different durations (3, 6, 9, or 12 weeks) to ascertain their chilling requirements for shoot and flower production. Chilling was followed by forcing for up to 5 weeks at 18°C, then plants were maintained in a controlled greenhouse until flowering had finished. Mean number of shoots and flowers per plant were recorded and the time taken for shoots to sprout was calculated.Control plants (forced immediately without chilling) produced no shoots or flowers. For all cultivars, the proportion of plants that sprouted, and the mean number of shoots and flowers increased as plants were subjected to colder chilling temperatures, or longer chilling durations. However, there were no significant within-cultivar differences between different treatments of 9 weeks or more. The time taken for sprouting to occur after the completion of each chilling treatment consistently decreased as the duration of the chilling treatment increased. In most cases, lower chilling temperatures lead to more rapid sprouting once plants were placed in the 18°C forcing conditions.When a simple model was fitted where the chilling temperature and duration of each treatment was described by a cumulative normal curve rising from zero to some maximum value (or potential) once adequate chilling had been received, we found that temperatures of 4 and 7°C provided only 83 and 59%, respectively, of the chilling accumulated per unit time at 1°C. ‘Coral Sunset’, an interspecific hybrid early flowering type, required the greatest amount of chilling to sprout consistently, while ‘Sarah Bernhardt’, a very late flowering type, required the least. Of the three cultivars, ‘Sarah Bernhardt’ also required the least amount of chilling to achieve its potential shoot and flower numbers, while ‘Monsieur Jules Elie’, a mid-season flowering type, required the most chilling to achieve the same end for these two variables. This suggests that the response to spring temperatures as well as chilling influences the time of flowering.     

Genetic diversity of Indonesian cauliflower cultivars and their relationships with hybrid cultivars grown in Australia

The objectives of this study were to investigate genetic variation and relationships between Indonesia-, Australian- and European-based cultivars and to evaluate variation within Indonesia cultivars as all cultivars are open-pollinated. Eight cauliflower cultivars collected from three production regions in Indonesia and four F₁ hybrids cultivars grown in Australia were evaluated using RAPD and ISSR markers. DNA polymorphisms generated from 10 polymorphic RAPD primers were used to construct a dendogram using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and to generate a fingerprinting key. ISSR marker analysis using 14 primers were attempted but DNA polymorphisms could not be clearly identified. The RAPD technique indicated that variation occurred both within and between Indonesian cultivars. Comparison between Indonesian-, Australian- and European-based cultivars showed that Indonesian cultivars have unique genotypes and would be good sources of genes for future crop improvement.     

Two potent allelopathic substances in cucumber plants

Since cucumber plants are mostly discarded as large waste after crop harvesting, allelopathy of cucumber plants was investigated for possible weed management options and utilization of the waste. Two potent growth inhibitory substances were isolated from an aqueous methanol extract of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Phung Tuong) plants. These substances were determined as 9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-9-one (HMO) and (6S,7E,9S)-6,9,10-trihydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one (THMO) by the analysis of MS, ¹H NMR spectra and optical rotation. HMO inhibited the growth of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv seedlings at concentrations greater than 0.3 and 1 μM, respectively. THMO inhibited the growth of cress and E. crus-galli seedlings at concentrations greater than 1 and 3 μM, respectively. The concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition on roots and shoots of cress and E. crus-galli were 2.4–29.3 μM for HMO and 8.1–52.2 μM for THMO. The endogenous levels of HMO and THMO in cucumber plants were 31.8 and 43.5 μg g⁻¹ dry weight, respectively. These results suggest that HMO and THMO may be the causal factors for the growth inhibitory effect of cucumber plants. Therefore, cucumber plants may be potentially useful for weed management options in an agricultural setting, such as a cover crop and soil admixture, which should be investigated further in the field.     

橘红心黄瓜果实营养品质的探究

为研究橘红心黄瓜与普通黄瓜果实营养成分的差异,以橘红心水果黄瓜(JHS)和橘红心旱黄瓜(JHH)为研究对象,以与其生长习性类似的普通黄瓜为对照,对上述材料营养成分进行了测定。结果表明,不同黄瓜材料中各营养含量存在差异,其中JHS-4和JHS-3分别在瓜顶和瓜中部的可溶性固形物含量最高,分别为4.33%和4.50%;JHS-4单宁质量分数为79.99 mg·kg~(-1),显著高于对照普通水果黄瓜;JHS-4、JHH-3干物质质量分数分别为7.00%和7.54%,显著高于对照;JHS-2总酸质量分数2.37 g·kg~(-1),明显高于其他各组;材料JHS-5的维生素C质量分数为5.48 mg·100 g~(-1)、JHS-4的维生素B_2质量分数为0.053 mg·100 g~(-1),高于其他各组且显著高于对照。综合看来,材料JHS-4和JHS-2营养品质优于其他各组。     

白皮黄瓜新品种引种试验

对引进的翠玉等3个白皮黄瓜和自育的洛育1号白皮黄瓜新品种进行品种比较试验,结果表明:翠玉产量超过对照;翠玉、洛育1号熟性早,而白玉、春黄瓜熟性晚;田间表现,翠玉对霜霉病、细菌性角斑病、枯萎病抗性强,其他3个品种较抗霜霉病、细菌性角斑病、枯萎病;4个品种商品性好,品质均优,在中原地区均有一定的推广应用前景。     

黄瓜霜霉病抗性研究进展

霜霉病是世界上危害瓜类作物的主要叶部病害之一。霜霉病菌小种分化问题虽然在国际上还存在争议,但在国内尚未发现小种分化现象。文章归纳了不同的霜霉病抗性鉴定方法;报道了不同黄瓜材料对霜霉病的抗性与其叶片生理生化物质含量变化关系的最新研究进展;介绍了对黄瓜霜霉病抗性遗传规律研究主要的2个结果:多基因抗性和单隐性基因抗性;概述了黄瓜霜霉病分子标记研究现状和挖掘、利用黄瓜近缘野生种抗霜霉病基因的最新进展。