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试验研究了高梁同源四倍体与约翰逊草远缘杂交种及其后代的生物学特性和细胞学行为。结果表明,四倍体高梁与约翰逊草种及后代性状的遗传学及细胞学行为较稳定,营养体具有强大的杂种优势,粮、草量显著高于双亲,茎秆具有优良的饲草品质。 相似文献
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试验研究了高粱同源四倍体与约翰逊草远缘杂交种及其后代的生物学特性和细胞学行为。结果表明 ,四倍体高粱与约翰逊草种及后代性状的遗传学及细胞学行为较稳定 ,营养体具有强大的杂种优势 ,粮、草量显著高于双亲 ,茎秆具有优良的饲草品质。 相似文献
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高粱同源四倍体与二倍体受精前后生殖特性的比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
观察四倍体与二倍体的胚囊、花粉特性和受精过程,结果表明,四倍体胚囊发育完整,与二倍体相似,但四倍体花粉育性及萌发和在花柱中的生长情况与二倍体存在显著差异,因此,认为这是影响四倍体结实率的主要因素。同时,不同品系诱导的四倍体结实率和生殖特性存在显著差异。 相似文献
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大偃麦草和山黑麦中,经常利用其双倍体来转移理想性状和恢复种间杂种育性。本试验研究了E.lancelatus、E.caninus、以及其F1杂种、高代材料(F7和F8)和高代双倍体后代的3个世代(C1、C2和C3)的细胞学、育性和形态学特性。E.lancelatus和E.caninus的减数分裂染色体联会为典型的异源四倍体。F1杂种的染色体配对表明这两个亲本间存在密切关系。在F8和F7代中观察到最频繁的二价体联会数为14个二价体。 相似文献
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海岛棉与澳洲棉、黄褐棉种间杂种F_1的细胞学研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
本文研究了四倍体栽培种海岛棉与二倍体野生种澳洲棉、四倍体野生种黄褐棉种间杂种F1的主要形态特征及F1花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ的粱色体行为。结果,(海岛棉416×澳洲棉)F1有的性状趋向澳洲棉,如茎、叶的茸毛、花冠颜色、花的开放形式;有的象海岛棉,如叶形、叶色、花药和花粉之颜色;有的则为中间型,如苞叶形状、铃形等。(海岛棉7124×黄褐棉)F1趋向父本黄褐棉的性状有:腺体较多,茎秆、叶片暗绿色,有茸毛,叶片掌状。短日照性强;表现中间型的性状有:花瓣黄色,有红心。两个组合F1的花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ的配对构型分别为31.4Ⅰ+3.90Ⅱ+0.02Ⅲ+0.02Ⅳ和0.24Ⅰ+25.71Ⅱ+0.098tⅠ″+0.039Ⅳ,这一结果表明,海岛棉与澳洲棉的亲缘关系较远,与黄褐棉的亲缘关系较近,但海岛棉与黄褐棉的染色体间已有所分化,可能存在染色体结构上的差异。 相似文献
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Gram sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is grown on marginal land and johnsongrass [Sorghum haiepense (L.) Pers] is the most common and hard to control weed in this crop. The agronomic performance of gram sorghum at different nitrogen (N) and johnsongrass infestation levels in the field has not been adequately investigated. Therefore, research was conducted on a Decatur silty clay loam soil (Rhodic Paleudult) to determine the influence of N rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1 ) and johnsongrass infestation levels (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 plants per 5 m crop row) on the growth and yield of grain sorghum (cv. GK522G) and johnsongrass. Increase in N rates increased seed weight, seed yield and percent protein in grain sorghum as well as dry matter and percent protein of johnsongrass. The increase in johnsongrass infestation (from 0 to 8 plants per 5 m crop row) significantly decreased the performance of grain sorghum and johnsongrass at all the N rates. The results suggest that 40 kg N ha-1 with up to 2 johnsongrass plants per 5 m crop row or 80 kg N ha-1 with up to 4 johnsongrass plants per 5 m crop row produced grain sorghum yields equivalent to absence of johnsongrass in the crop. 相似文献
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高粱同源四倍体及其杂交种的细胞遗传学研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
对同源四倍体高粱品系和杂交种的细胞学观察发现,其减数分裂的各个时期均有特异性。具体表现在,前期Ⅰ有3.94%的PMC中存在多个核仁,其中以双核仁形式出现的频率最高;终变期—中期Ⅰ具有不同的染色体构型,可观察到同源染色体的四种组成形式;后期Ⅰ出现大量落后染色体,其中以单价体提前分离造成的染色单体落后较为常见,单价染色体落后较少;前期Ⅱ和四分体时期可观察到核外染色体;中期Ⅱ发现有部分染色体不排列于赤道板上;后期Ⅱ仍有新的落后染色体产生。对四价体频率和后期Ⅰ带有落后染色体细胞出现频率进行的统计分析发现,品系间和不同的杂交种间存在显著的差异,说明染色体的配对能力和正常分配能力均受基因型影响。研究还发现,这两个重要的细胞学现象具有明显的负向超亲优势,杂交种的四价体频率明显降低,落后染色体明显减少。 相似文献
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同源四倍体和二倍体水稻香味的遗传分析 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
本研究用1.7%KOH 溶液浸泡叶片法分析了同源四倍体水稻和二倍体水稻的香味遗传。采用的香稻品种:香籽、香芒糯、京香1号和早香17。包含1个香稻品种的各种杂交组合的 F_1植株均无香味。在 F_2代,4个四倍体杂交组合无香味与有香味植株的分离比例符合35∶1,5个二倍体杂交组合的分离比例符合3∶1,而且正反交的分离比例没有差别。 相似文献
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In drought‐prone environments, sweet sorghum and sorghum‐sudangrass hybrids are considered worthy alternatives to maize for biogas production. The biomass productivity of the three crops was compared by growing them side‐by‐side in a rain‐out shelter under different levels of plant available soil water (PASW) during the growing periods of 2008 to 2010 at Braunschweig, Germany. All crops were established under high levels of soil water. Thereafter, the crops either remained at the wet level (60–80 % PASW) or were subjected to moderate (40–50 % PASW) and severe drought stress (15–25 % PASW). While the above‐ground dry weight (ADW) of sweet sorghum and maize was insignificantly different under well‐watered conditions, sweet sorghum under severe drought stress produced 27 % more ADW than maize. The ADW of sorghum‐sudangrass hybrids significantly lagged behind sweet sorghum at all levels of water supply. The three crops differed markedly in their susceptibility to water shortage. Severe drought stress reduced the ADW of maize by 51 %, but only by 37 % for sweet sorghum and 35 % for sorghum‐sudangrass hybrids. The post‐harvest root dry weight (RDW) in the 0–100 cm soil layer for maize, sweet sorghum and sorghum‐sudangrass hybrids averaged 4.4, 6.1 and 2.9 t ha?1 under wet and 1.9, 5.7 and 2.4 t ha?1 under severe drought stress. Under these most dry conditions, the sorghum crops had relatively higher RDW and root length density (RLD) in the deeper soil layers than maize. The subsoil RDW proportion (20–100 vs. 0–20 cm) for maize, sweet sorghum and sorghum‐sudangrass hybrids amounted to 6 %, 10 % and 20 %. The higher ADM of sweet sorghum compared with maize under dry conditions is most likely attributable to the deep root penetration and high proportion of roots in the subsoil, which confers the sorghum crop a high water uptake capacity. 相似文献
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热带玉米与温带玉米种质杂交农艺性状的差异 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以热带玉米和温带玉米为亲本,系统地研究了不同种质玉米杂交后代农艺性状的差异。结果表明:苗期全株干物质积累量温×温>热×热>热×温,地上部干物质量热×热>热×温>温×温,地下部分表现趋势与地上相反;生长初期株高温×温>热×温>热×热,随着生长进程的推移,组合间株高呈现出相反的趋势;不同种质间杂交后代苗期叶片数和出叶速率没有明显差异;杂交组合中含热带种质的比例越高,最大面积叶片出现的高度越高,面积较大的叶片数相对较多;热带种质所含比例越大,后代雄穗分支数越多。热带种质带来的株高增加,主要源于植株中下部节间的伸长。 相似文献