哈白兔×日本大耳兔F1的染色体核型分析

采用常规细胞遗传学手段,对青海省畜牧兽医科学院饲养的哈白兔×日本大耳兔Ｆ１的染色体核型进行分析,结果表明,Ｆ１的染色体数目２ｎ＝４４,染色体臂数ＮＦ＝７８（♂）;常染色体类型１～７对为中着丝粒染色体（Ｍ）,８～１０对为亚中着丝粒染色体（ＳＭ）,１１～１６对为近端着丝粒染色体（ＳＴ）,１７～２１对为端着丝粒染色体（Ｔ）,性染色体Ｘ为亚中着丝粒染色体（ＳＭ）,Ｙ为中着丝粒染色体（Ｍ）,公兔核型式为４４,ＸＹ（♂）。     

野牦牛染色体型研究

采用常规外周血培养及体核型分析技术，对青海省大通牛场猎获的野牦牛染色体核型进行了研究。结果显示，野牦牛染色体数目为２ｎ＝６０，染色体臂数ＮＦ＝６２；常染色体形态为端着丝粒，性染色体为亚中着丝粒，公野牦牛核型为６０，ＸＹ。     

豚鼠染色体核型及带型的研究

用骨髓细胞染色体制备法研究了豚鼠染色体核型及带型。结果表明：豚鼠染色体核型为2n=64,雄豚鼠为XY,雌豚鼠为XX;在常染色体中,亚中着丝粒或近端着丝粒的染色体有14对、端着丝粒的有17对;X染色体为中着丝粒,Y染色体为端着丝粒。所有染色体均能出现明显的C带带型,其中常染色体和X染色体的着丝粒部位被深染,两个臂均为浅染;Y染色体几乎全部深染,极易识别。染色体标本经G显带技术处理后,豚鼠常染色体和性染色体的着丝粒区均浅染,两臂上显示出清晰的G-带带型。Ag-NOR s位于1、19、20号染色体上,Ag-NOR s的众数为3个,分布范围1~6之间,Ag-NOR s具有多态性,在不同的染色体上银染的颗粒大小、深浅度不同。     

连城白鸭外周血淋巴细胞染色体核型研究

本试验通过对连城白鸭外周血淋巴细胞培养、秋水仙素处理后制备染色体标本,并进行染色体核型分析。结果表明,连城白鸭体细胞数目为2n=78±,1号常染色体为亚中央着丝粒染色体;2号常染色体为中央着丝粒染色体;3～9号常染色体及W性染色体为端着丝粒染色体;Z性染色体为亚端着丝粒染色体。本文通过对外周血淋巴细胞染色体核型分析,为进一步研究连城白鸭品种选育奠定基础。     

美系獭兔与皱襞型獭兔染色体核型研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法,分析并比较了美系獭兔与皱襞型獭兔的染色体核型。结果表明:美系獭兔和皱襞型獭兔二倍体细胞染色体数均为2n=44,其中21对常染色体、1对性染色体,性染色体XX(♀)、XY(♂)。常染色体分为4组,A组(1～9号)为中着丝粒染色体,B组(10～13号)为近中着丝粒染色体,C组(14～17号)为近端着丝粒染色体,D组(18～21号)为端着丝粒染色体;X为近中着丝粒染色体,Y为端着丝粒染色体。两组兔常规染色体核型基本一致。     

金定鸭的核型、C-带和Ag-NORs研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养-空气干燥法制备染色体标本,对金定鸭染色体核型和带型进行了研究。核型研究结果表明:金定鸭体细胞染色体数目2n=78,染色体基本臂数为NF=84(♂)或NF=83(♀),1号染色体为亚中央着丝粒染色体,2号染色体为中央着丝粒染色体,Z染色体具有明显短臂,属亚端着丝粒染色体,其余常染色体和W性染色体均为端着丝粒染色体;性染色体按大小顺序排列,Z为4号,W为7～8号。C-带研究发现:W染色体整条深染,极易识别。Ag-NORs研究结果表明:Ag-NORs常位于1号、2号、3号、6号染色体及Z染色体和一对小染色体上,Ag-NORs数目分布范围为1～6,平均每个细胞的Ag-NORs数雌鸭中为3.04雄鸭中为3.06。     

西藏黄牛染色体的研究

研究了西藏黄牛的普通核型和Ｃ带核型，着重分析了Ｙ染色体的形态。结果表明，西藏黄牛核型为２Ｎ＝６０，公牛为ＸＹ，母牛为ＸＸ，常染色体为近端着丝粒染色体。Ｘ染色体为亚中着丝粒染色体，Ｙ染色体中中部着丝粒杂色体。根据Ｙ染色体的形态讨论了西藏黄牛的起源。     

寄生环形泰勒虫裂殖体的淋巴样细胞遗传稳定性分析

对寄生有环形泰勒虫开明殖体的黑白花牛８３０１淋巴经１４、３４和９０代细胞用乳叶培养液培养后制备标本，，观察细胞染色体核型的变化情况。各代细胞染色体数目均为２ｎ－６０，常染色体２９对，均蛘 丝粒洒色体性染色体１对，为亚中着丝粒染色体；各代次细胞染色体均未见嵌合、裂隙及断裂现象，表明该细胞株有稳定的遗传特性     

云岭牛染色体G带分析

通过对云岭牛外周血及耳组织成纤维细胞培养制作染色体G带标本,结果显示,云岭牛染色体数目为2n=60,公牛核型为60,XY;母牛核型为60,XX。其中1~29号染色体全部为端着丝粒染色体,X染色体为亚中着丝粒染色体,Y染色体为一较小的端着丝粒染色体,Y染色体为瘤牛型的Y染色体。云岭牛染色体G带明暗相间,与其他牛品种间的带纹特征差异还需进一步研究。     

徐淮白山羊染色体核型研究1

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及染色体分带技术分析了徐淮白山羊的染色体核型、C-带。结果表明，徐淮白山羊二倍体染色体数为2N=60，常染色体和X染色体均为端部着丝粒染色体．X染色体的大小介于1号和2号染色体之间，Y染色体最小．为中部着丝粒染色体，公羊核型为60．XY．母羊为60．XX。大部分常染色体和性染色体着丝粒部位显示阳性C带。     

Presumptive 1/29 autosomal translocation in Australian cattle.

A cytogenetical study was made of 9 descendants of a Charolais bull, heterozygous for a presumptive 1/29 translocation, three of the dams of some of these descendants, and three unrelated bulls which were mated to some of the descendants. Photographic karyotypes of Giemsa stained and C-banded chromosomes were prepared for each animal. The dams of the progeny showed no chromosomal abnormalities indicating that translocations were inherited from the sire. Three daughters of the Charolais bull and two of his grand daughters were heterozygous for the translocation, with a modal chromosomal number of 59, while the remaining three daughters and their progeny possessed normal karyotypes. No phenotypic abnormalities were observed in the animals examined. Measurements of the arms of the chromosomes suggested that the translocation chromosome (a large submetacentric) contained chromosomes 1 and 29. The submetacentric translocation chromosome had a single C-band, the two submetacentric X chromosomes showed no C-bands and each acrocentric autosome had a single C-band. All cattle heterozygous for the translocation showed normal fertility.     

C- AND G- BANDING PATTERNS AND CHROMOSOMAL MORPHOLOGY OF SOME BREEDS OF AUSTRALIAN CATTLE

A cytogenetical study using metaphase chromosomes from cultured lymphocytes, was made of 2 Banteng (Bibos banteng) steers and 218 bulls representing 13 purebreeds (Bos taurus type, Bos indicus type and Sanga) and 7 cross-breeds. Studies were made of photographic karyotypes of Giemsa stained and C-banded chromosomes of bulls of each breed and of B-banded chromosomes from 3 breeds of Bos indicus and one cross-breed Australian Friesian Sahiwal) cattle. The relative lengths of chromosomes of Bos taurus and Bos indicus bulls were compared and significant difference in relative lengths of the X chromosomes were noted between these two species. There was a differences in morphology of the Y chromosomes; Sanga, Banteng and Bos taurus type breeds had a small submetacentric Y chromosome, except for the Jersey which had a metacentric Y chromosome. All Bos indicus type bulls had an acrocentric Y chromosome but the Droughtmaster breed had two forms of the Y chromosome (submetacentric and acrocentric). The C-banding patterns of the autosomes and X chromosomes were similar for all breeds while those of the Y chromosomes of Bos indicus type cattle allowed their accurate identification. G-banding patterns of Bos indicus resembled those of Bos taurus and enabled pairing of homologous chromosomes. Centromeres of the autosomes were unstained but those of the sex chromosomes were darkly stained.     

Karyotypes of three shrew species (Soriculus nigrescens,Episoriculus caudatus and Episoriculus sacratus) from Nepal

The karyotypes of three shrew species (Mammalia, Soricomorpha, Soricidae) from Nepal were examined for the first time. Based on the karyotypes and overall differences in skull size, the current Episoriculus caudatus appeared to include two distinct species: the larger E. caudatus and the smaller Episoriculus sacratus. Episoriculus sacratus has three subspecies, E. s. soluensis in Nepal and Sikkim, E. s. umbrinus in Assam, Myanmar and the Yunnan Province of China, and E. s. sacratus in the Sichuan Province of China. Soriculus nigrescens had a diploid chromosome number (2n) and fundamental number (FN), including two X chromosomes, of 64 and 92, respectively, consisting of 11 metacentric or submetacentric, two subtelocentric and 18 acrocentric pairs of autosomes, a metacentric X and an acrocentric Y chromosome. Episoriculus sacratus soluensis had 2n = 74 and FN = 126, consisting of 12 metacentric or submetacentric, 13 subtelocentric and 11 acrocentric pairs of autosomes, a submetacentric X and an acrocentric Y chromosome. Episoriculus caudatus had 2n = 60 and FN = 118, consisting of 19 metacentric or submetacentric, nine subtelocentric and one acrocentric pair of autosomes, a subtelocentric X and an acrocentric Y chromosome. The karyotypes of these three species are characterized by their large 2n and FN values compared with other Soricidae.     

1/25 translocations in Blonde d'Aquitaine cattle in New Zealand

A Robertsonian centric fusion between chromosomes 1 and 25 in Blonde d'Aquitaine cattle in New Zealand is reported. This fused chromosome is the same as the widely reported 1/29 translocation chromosome with the difference in the numbering arising from inconsistencies in the G and R-banded cattle karyotypes of the International System for Cytogenetic Nomenclature of Domestic Animals, 1989.     

毛稃偃麦草染色体核型分析

采用根尖压片法对毛稃偃麦草的细胞染色体进行核型分析。结果表明毛稃偃麦草（Elytri-gia alatavica）染色体数目为2n=42,染色体相对长度组成为12L＋4M2＋14M1＋12S,核型公式K（2n）=6 X=42=36m＋6sm（2sat）,属于＂1B＂类型。其中,3对为近中着丝粒染色体,且带有1对随体,其...     

秦川牛的染色体研究

对秦川牛(12♂,3♀)染色体的核型、G带、C带及Ag-NOR_s的研究表明:秦川牛品种内Y染色体存在多态现象,Y染色体有中、亚中和近端着丝点染色体。中和亚中着丝点Y染色体G带和C带与普通牛(Bos taurus)相同,近端着丝点Y染色体G带和C带与瘤牛(Bos indicus)相同。根据Y染色体多态性,讨论了秦川牛起源的多元性。统计了2002个细胞的Ag-NOR_s数目,每细胞Ag-NOR_s数变化范围3～10个,平均5.473±0.316。     

泽蛙的染色体组型研究

本文用骨髓细胞制片法，分析了福建产泽蛙的染色体组型。其二倍体染色体数目为２６，臂数为肥，配成１３对，分为二个组：大型染色体组（ＮＯ１－５），小型染色体组（ＮＯ６－１３）。大型染色体组中除ＮＯ３为亚中部着丝粒染色体外，其余为中部着丝粒染色体；小型染色体组中ＮＯ６、７对的短臂上有明显次缢痕，除ＮＯ８、１１对为亚中部着丝粒染色体外，其余均为中部着丝粒染色体。福建产泽蛙中期分裂相中见有Ｂ染色体一条，其形态为端着丝粒染色体。通过福建产的泽蛙与安徽、广东、四川及日本和菲律宾等地区泽蛙染色体组型的比较，结果是差异明显，显示出泽蛙核型多样性。     

Chromosomes of gaur cross domestic cattle hybrids

The chromosomes of five gaur (Bos gaurus hubbacki) domestic cattle (B indicus cross B taurus) hybrids (three females, two males) were studied using the leucocyte culture method and centromeric (C) banding technique. All the hybrids had a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 58, made up of two submetacentric autosomes (different in size) and 54 acrocentric autosomes, most of which could be arranged in pairs in descending order of size. The sex (X) chromosomes in females were a pair of submetacentric chromosomes smaller than the submetacentric autosomes. The Y chromosome in males was a small submetacentric chromosome. The C banding patterns were useful in identifying the X and Y chromosomes and the inherited submetacentric autosomes from the gaur sire. Phenotypically, the hybrids resembled normal B indicus cross B taurus calves except for the presence of a distinct hump-like dorsal ridge containing the spinous processes of the third to 11th thoracic vertebrae, upright 'deer-like' ears and long lean legs. The potential of these hybrids as important genetic resources for meat production is stressed.     

鹅观草属三个物种及其居群间核型变异研究

报道了鹅观草属3个物种,毛叶鹅观草、竖立鹅观草和纤毛鹅观草及其居群间的核型,其中R. amurensis的核型2n=4x=28=24m(2SAT) 4sm为首次报道.结果表明,3个物种绝大多数由中部和近中部着丝点染色体组成,具1对随体,几乎都位于第14对染色体上.核型类型为2A.但在核型公式、平均臂比、臂比大于1.7的染色体比率等方面,不仅3个物种的种间存在一定的差异,而且R. ciliaris和R. japonensis的种内不同居群间也存在差异,表明R. ciliaris和R. japonensis种内具有较大的遗传多样性.