非甾体抗炎药物研究进展

非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)包括传统的非甾体类抗炎药(COX-1抑制剂)和非传统的非甾体类抗炎药(COX-2抑制剂).论文分析了国内外市场状况,并指出临床应用所存在的问题.介绍了常用非甾体抗炎药的作用机制,总结了常用抗炎药不良反应,提出了应用时应注意的事项.     

玉米赤霉烯酮的毒害作用及对种猪繁殖性能的影响

玉米赤霉烯酮是一种非甾体雌激素样作用的霉菌毒素。大量研究表明,玉米赤霉烯酮具有生殖发育毒性、免疫毒性,对肿瘤发生也有一定影响。本文综述了玉米赤霉烯酮的毒性毒害作用及对种猪繁殖性能的影响,以引起养殖者的高度重视。     

兽用非甾体抗炎药的应用现状

动物疼痛和炎症可影响其健康状况、养殖场经济效益等,预防和治疗动物疼痛、炎症具有重要意义。非甾体抗炎药可以减少动物疼痛和炎症的发生。近几年对非甾体抗炎药在动物中的应用研究越来越多,同时非甾体抗炎药的一些新功能被发现。论文对兽医常用非甾体抗炎药物的应用研究进展做一综述,以期为非甾体抗炎药在动物中的合理使用以及进一步研究提供参考。     

铬的毒性研究进展

铬（Cr）是人和动物所必需的微量元素,同时也会因摄入过量产生直接或间接的毒性作用。作者主要就铬的毒性机理、中毒后临床异常表现及对机体的毒性表现等方面的研究进行综述。     

自制美洛昔康注射液的无菌检查及局部刺激性检测

<正>美洛昔康(meloxicam)是一种烯醇酷胺类的新型非甾体抗炎药,由于具有选择性抑制环氧合酶-2的药理特点~([1]),有着极显著的解热、镇痛、抗炎作用,且对胃肠道的损害及肾脏的毒性相对较小。最早由柏林格英格翰公司研发上市,1996年首次在南非上市,1996年9月份在英国上市,并且已在法国、瑞典、瑞士获得批准,目前我国有多家单位生产此药并应用于人类临床。该药药效显著并且不良反应很少,广受临     

美洛昔康在猪场临床上的应用

非甾体抗炎药（Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,NSAIDs）是一类具有抗炎与镇痛作用的药物,作为改善炎性症状和缓解疼痛的理想药物,在临床上已广泛应用。中国现有兽用NSAIDs品种单一、副作用明显,迫切需要开发引进有更好疗效和较小副作用的新药。     

抗炎药物及作用机理最新研究进展

抗炎药主要包括非甾体类抗炎药、甾体类抗炎药和中药。由于传统的抗炎药选择性较差,副作用明显,临床应用受到很大限制。近年来,随着人们对炎症机制认识的不断深入及分子生物学技术的广泛应用,一些疗效好、副作用小的新型抗炎药相继问世,应用于临床。作者主要对上述3种抗炎药物及其作用机理在近几年来的研究进展作一探讨分析。     

非甾体抗炎药的研究进展

传统非甾体抗炎药对环氧化酶的选择性较差,副作用明显,临床应用受限.近年来,一些疗效好、副作用低的新型非甾体抗炎药相继问世,应用于临床.本文主要综述了选择性COX-2抑制剂、一氧化氮释放型非甾体抗炎药以及选择性5-LOX/COX-2双重抑制剂三类非甾体抗炎药中的代表药物的研究进展.     

如何做好奶牛群体繁殖工作?(8)

本文要介绍的主题是＂为什么对某些产后牛要镇痛和使用非固醇类抗炎药物＂？值得欣慰的是,勃林格殷格翰动物保健的翁立楠在其＂非甾体类抗炎药物（NSAIDs）在牛场的应用＂和＂炎症控制对乳房炎治疗的重要性＂两文中对此主题已做了非常清晰的阐述,这自然大大减轻了本人的文字负担（非甾体类=非固醇类）。本文只是从产后牛监护的临床角度对翁文做进一步补充和扩展。     

氟尼辛葡甲铵——动物专用的解热镇痛消炎药

介绍了动物专用非甾体类抗炎药———氟尼辛葡甲铵的研究应用现状,包括其结构性状、药效学、药动学、毒副作用、临床应用及与其他非甾体类抗炎药比较等内容。     

Pharmacology and therapeutics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the dog and cat: 2 Individual agents

The general pharmacology of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used in dogs and cats has been described in part 1 of this review (Lees and others 1991). This paper outlines the properties of the individual agents as they are used in small animal practice. The NSAIDs which have been used extensively in small animals include the older agents such as Aspirin, cinchophen and phenylbutazone. These agents have previously been used empirically by extrapolation of dosages from other species and by clinical experience. Studies are now available which provide a scientific rationale for the dosage rate recommended. A number of new drugs have recently been licensed for use in the dog or may be licensed in the near future. These include flunixin, carprofen and tolfenamic acid and the data generated from these products provides very useful information for formulating I effective dosage regimens. There are also some NSAIDs such as piroxicam which have been investigated in the dog because they have particular properties which may be of use in common clinical conditions and others, such as Paracetamol and Ibuprofen, which are readily available to the public and which owners may administer to dogs or cats at toxic doses.     

Comparative study of the action of flunixin meglumine and tolfenamic acid on prostaglandin E2 synthesis in bovine inflammatory exudate

An acute non-immune inflammation model was used to compare the action of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, flunixin meglumine and tolfenamic acid, on prostaglandin E₂, (PGE₂) synthesis in bovine inflammatory exudate. The tissue cage model used involves subcutaneous implantation of polypropylene cages and subsequent stimulation by carrageenan injection of the granulation tissue which develops within the cage. Twelve calves were randomly assigned to three groups receiving placebo, flunixin meglumine and tolfenamic acid, respectively. Inflammatory exudate was sampled 30 min after carrageenan injection and at seven subsequent time points. PGE², levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. At each time point post-carrageenan injection, flunixin meglumine inhibited PGE₂, synthesis to a greater extent than tolfenamic acid. At 4, 8,12 and 24 h these differences were statistically significant.     

Evaluating the effects of 14-day oral vedaprofen and tolfenamic acid treatment on renal function, hematological and biochemical profiles in healthy cats

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs vedaprofen and tolfenamic acid on renal function after oral administration for 2 weeks in healthy cats. Experiments were performed using nineteen domestic short-haired cats randomly divided into one control (n=6) and two treatment groups. All cats in the first (n=6) and second treatment groups (n=7) received vedaprofen (0.5 mg/kg/day) and tolfenamic acid (4 mg/kg/day), respectively. During the experiment, renal function was evaluated using percent renal uptakes of (99m)Technetium-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA) collected from renal scintigraphy and blood samples used to determine complete blood count and biochemical profiles. Renal scintigraphy and blood collections were performed at days 0, 5, 11, 15, and 45. The percent of renal uptake after the administration of vedaprofen and tolfenamic acid were not significantly different compared to pretreatment (day 0) and control group levels. In addition, significant changes were not observed in hematological and biochemical profiles within or between groups, with the exception of slightly lower numbers in red blood cell counts compared to the normal value on day 45 in the tolfenamic acid-treated group. Taken together, we conclude 14-day administration of vedaprofen and tolfenamic acid might not cause any adverse effects on renal function, hematological and serum biochemical variables.     

青霉酸的研究进展

青霉酸（penicillic acid）主要是由圆弧青霉菌产生的代谢产物,在饲料中的最高含量可达到2%。青霉酸是危害养殖业的常见霉菌毒素之一,长期饲喂含青霉酸的饲料,能使动物肝脏肿大,肝细胞变性并能抑制动物细胞DNA合成,严重的可使动物细胞DNA断裂。青霉酸能与其他霉菌毒素产生联合毒性,若与其他霉菌毒素共同作用能产生更大的毒性。作者对青霉酸的结构、性质、危害、毒性、检测方法及去毒机理等方面的研究进行了综述。     

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in cats: a review

OBJECTIVE: To review the evidence regarding the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in cats. DATABASES USED: PubMed, CAB abstracts. CONCLUSIONS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be used with caution in cats because of their low capacity for hepatic glucuronidation, which is the major mechanism of metabolism and excretion for this category of drugs. However, the evidence presented supports the short-term use of carprofen, flunixin, ketoprofen, meloxicam and tolfenamic acid as analgesics in cats. There were no data to support the safe chronic use of NSAIDs in cats.     

Involvement of opioidergic and alpha2-adrenergic mechanisms in the central analgesic effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in sheep

The level within the central nervous system where non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) produce analgesia and the mechanisms by which they mediate this effect are still uncertain. This study assessed the central analgesic effects of ketoprofen, phenylbutazone, salicylic acid and tolfenamic acid in sheep implanted with indwelling intrathecal (i.t.) catheters and submitted to mechanical noxious stimulation. The sheep received i.t. cumulative concentrations (0.375-200 microM; 100 microL) as well as a single intravenous (i.v.) dose (3, 8, 10 and 2 mg/kg, respectively) of each NSAID. The sheep were also given i.t. naloxone (5.49 mM; 100 microL) and atipamezole (4.03 mM; 100 microL) prior to i.v. ketoprofen. None of the i.t. NSAIDs increased mechanical thresholds. Intravenously, only ketoprofen and tolfenamic acid raised the pain thresholds. The hypoalgesic effect of i.v. ketoprofen was prevented by i.t. naloxone or atipamezole. Although NSAIDs had no direct effect on the spinal cord, their analgesic action appeared to be spinally mediated.     

青霉酸毒性研究进展

青霉酸是圆弧青霉代谢产物的主要成分。现已证明,青霉酸对各种动物具有毒性,主要引起心脏、肝脏和肾脏等器官的损伤,并具有潜在致癌性。青霉酸在饲料中的含量很高,而且污染极其广泛。因此,研究青霉酸的毒性、中毒机理及与其他毒素的联合作用,对保证饲料卫生和动物健康具有很重要的意义,该文就青霉酸的器官毒性、细胞毒性、分子毒性及联合毒性的研究进行综述。     

Postoperative analgesic efficacy of meloxicam compared to tolfenamic acid in cats undergoing orthopaedic surgery

Objectives : To investigate the efficacy of meloxicam or tolfenamic acid administered preoperatively and postoperatively (five days in total) to cats undergoing surgical fracture repair. Methods : Eighty-eight otherwise healthy cats were matched according to fracture site and then randomly allocated to one of two groups, receiving 0·2 mg/kg meloxicam by subcutaneous injection (group M) or 1·5 to 3 mg/kg tolfenamic acid orally (group T) before anaesthesia. Analgesia was continued with 0.05 mg/kg oral meloxicam once daily or 1·5 to 3 mg/kg oral tolfenamic acid twice daily for four days postoperatively. Pain was assessed by a blinded observer using visual analogue scales and a functional limb score. The drug administrator assessed feed intake and palatability of the treatment. Results : Data from 66 cats were analysed. Visual analogue scale pain scores and functional limb scores decreased over time in both groups but were not significantly different between treatments. Feed intake was similar in both groups. Meloxicam was significantly more palatable than tolfenamic acid on all treatment days. Clinical Significance : Meloxicam and tolfenamic acid demonstrated comparable analgesia, without clinically observable side effects. Meloxicam may be associated with superior compliance in clinical practice due to the higher palatability and once daily treatment resulting in better ease of administration.     

桉油溶液剂的急性毒性和安全药理学研究

灌胃给药(ig)研究桉油溶液剂对大鼠的急性毒性。安全药理学试验以高剂量(30%)、中剂量(18%)、低剂量(6%)分别给予大鼠0.3 m L/只涂抹桉油溶液剂,观察其对大鼠神经系统、心血管系统和呼吸系统的影响。桉油溶液剂对大鼠的经口半数致死量(LD50)为3811.5 mg/kg。桉油溶液剂对大鼠的中枢神经系统、呼吸系统和心率等均无明显影响。桉油溶液剂是一种较安全的局部外用药,适合在临床上推广应用。桉油溶液剂经生产实践和兽医临床试验证明具有良好的治疗动物疥螨病效果。