鸡减蛋综合征油乳剂灭活苗的免疫效果试验

随机选择20周龄产蛋鸡300羽，分为3组，每组100羽。A组接种国产新支减三联疫苗，B组接种进口新减二联苗，C组同时接种进口新减二联苗及新城疫Ⅳ系苗（2羽份滴鼻）。接种后第10d、20d、30d、60d分别采集血样检测HI抗体。结果A组鸡HI抗体效价上升最快，效价较高，下降速度也很快，适宜于紧急免疫接种。B、C组抗体效价上升较慢，但维持高抗体水平时间较长，适宜于预防免疫接种。C组数据显示，新城疫疫苗与减蛋综合征疫苗对鸡体产生免疫应答时可能具有协同作用。     

禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗口服免疫试验

选择未接种禽流感-新城疫疫苗的黄腹角雉所产蛋,经孵化后,于10日龄选黄腹角雉15只,随机分成A、B、C 3组,每组5只,以点眼接种量的10、15、20羽份,直接口腔滴入禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗rl-H5株口服免疫。分别于接种前1 d和3次接种后15 d经翅静脉采血,通过测定其禽流感和新城疫血凝抑制试验(HI)抗体滴度。结果表明,第2次接种20羽份剂量抗体效价达到峰值,新城疫和禽流感HI抗体均值分别为7.5 log2和5.5 log2。     

新城疫与禽流感(H9亚型)二联油乳剂灭活苗免疫效力试验

用新城疫病毒（NDV）LaSota株与禽流感病毒（AIV）F株尿囊腔接种非免疫难胚，取72－120小时死亡鸡胚液。灭活后分别制成新城疫油乳剂灭活苗、禽流感（H9亚型）油乳剂灭活苗、新城疫与禽流感（H9亚型）二联油乳剂灭活苗，免疫7日龄非免疫雏鸡，一周后开始检测ND、AI血凝抑制（HI）抗体体，两周时各免疫组鸡的抗体效价都达到6log2以上，3周达到高峰，后维持在较高水平达45天以上，在65日龄进行攻毒，结果单苗和二联苗免疫鸡全部得到保护。     

鸡新城疫油乳剂灭活苗的试验研究

利用Laso ta系鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)接种无特定病原(SPF)鸡胚获取的含毒尿囊液,加入一定比例的矿物油佐剂制成鸡新城疫油乳剂灭活苗,和Laso ta 系弱毒疫苗联合使用免疫不同日龄不同品种的鸡群。获得了抗体滴度上升均匀在体内持续时间长,抗ND 强毒攻击的满意效果。疫苗效价高,免疫原性好,免疫保护率明显高于应用ND—Ⅰ系疫苗免疫的鸡群。对首免用Laso ta 系活苗和油乳剂灭活苗皮下注射0.1ml 的35日龄、70日龄肉仔鸡攻以ND 强毒,保护率为百分之百。对在120日龄免疫用新城疫油苗肌肉注射0.5ml 的蛋用种鸡在免疫后11个月以ND 强毒进行攻击,保护率亦为百分之百。     

重组禽流感灭活苗和禽流感灭活苗对鸡免疫效果的观察

用重组禽流感灭活苗接种10日龄、14日龄和21日龄的SPF鸡,接种后HI抗体效价无显著差异。将H5N1和H5N2疫苗分别接种21日龄SPF鸡,结果表明,H5N1和H5N2均能刺激SPF鸡产生较高的HI抗体;分别接种三黄鸡,接种后21 d,H5N1能刺激三黄鸡产生较高的HI抗体;而H5N2不能刺激三黄鸡产生合格的HI抗体,与SPF鸡免疫组相比差异显著。经过二次接种,HI抗体平均为8.9 log2,与SPF鸡组接种后42 d的各组相比差异不显著,而与一免后21 d的各组HI抗体效价相比差异显著。表明应用禽流感灭活苗对三黄鸡免疫接种,必须进行二免方可达到理想免疫效果,而应用重组禽流感灭活苗对三黄鸡进行免疫接种,一次免疫即可获得较高的HI抗体效价。     

鸡新城疫-传染性支气管炎二联油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫抗体消长规律的测定

将40日龄非免疫鸡分为3组,每组20只。第1组：肌肉注射鸡新城疫一传染性支气管炎二联油乳剂灭活疫苗0．5mL／只,并在免疫后的不同时间检测ND抗体和IB抗体;第2组：第一次免疫后71d,用同一疫苗进行第二次免疫,并追踪测定ND抗体和IB抗体;第3组：不注射疫苗,试验对照组。用血凝抑制试验（HI）检测ND抗体,用间接ELISA检测IB抗体。结果表明,第1组试验鸡接种疫苗后在6d就可以产生ND抗体（4log2）,30d达到最高峰（10．11log2）,持续期为110d;在18d检测到IB的阳性抗体（S／P值〉10．2或滴度／〉396）,持续期为120d。第2组试验鸡的IB、ND抗体效价普遍高于第1组,抗体水平持续到228d时ND抗体效价达到6．2log2;IB抗体滴度达到4275。     

鸡新城疫V_4株油乳剂灭活苗免疫效果观察

鸡新城疫V_4株油乳剂灭活苗接种1月龄SPF来航鸡,进行了正常免疫剂量的安全性试验和接种前后血凝抑制抗体效价的动态监测。结果,此灭活苗是安全的;接种后10d产生免疫力,效价为6.8log2,40d效价达高峰10.3log2;210d其效价仍为6.4log2。同时在免疫接种后40d进行了攻毒试验,5/5保护。     

不同免疫方法对肉种鸡新城疫抗体水平的影响

将4000只父母代肉种鸡随机分为2组,即对照组和试验组,每组2000只。对照组按厂家提供的免疫程序免疫:18周龄时用新城疫油乳灭活苗腿部肌肉注射1次,免疫剂量0.5mL/只,同时滴鼻新支二联苗,剂量1羽份/只。以后每隔4周用新支二联苗饮水免疫1次,剂量加倍;试验组按照现行免疫程序:18周龄时用新城疫油乳灭活苗腿部肌肉注射1次,间隔4周用新城疫油乳灭活苗加强免疫1次。结果表明,对照组在灭活苗+二联苗免疫后60d进行的第1次测定中,效价较高,免疫合格。在免疫后140d,第2次测定中抗体效价下降。42周龄时用二联苗免疫,第3次测定后抗体效价又上升。试验组18周龄时用灭活苗免疫后,间隔4周用灭活苗加强免疫,27周龄进行第1次免疫抗体效价测定,效价较高;在免疫后140d进行第2次抗体测定时,效价进一步上升。44周龄第3次抗体测定时效价保持平稳,仍为6log2。     

摘要集锦

江苏省畜牧兽医站陈昌海等,用分离到的鸽新城疫(ND)病毒株,试制了鸽新城疫油乳剂灭活苗,进行了安全性、免疫性测定,并与鸡ND油乳剂灭活苗对比试验。用该苗接种5只鸽子,观察2周,注射部位无炎症反应,精神、食欲正常。注苗的鸽子10天产生抗体,21天HI抗体达高峰,第56天HI抗体维持较高水平。     

手工乳化制备新城疫油乳剂苗的试验

用手工和机械乳化制备10组不同HLB值的新城疫油乳剂苗，分别免疫3月龄来航鸡，免疫后每隔1－2周采血检测血清HI抗体，直至第8周。结果 相同HLB值的手工和机械乳化的油乳剂苗的HI抗体效价无明显差异；攻毒保护试验表明两种方法乳化的油乳剂苗免疫鸡均能获得保护，而对照鸡全部死亡。多数手工乳化的油乳剂苗在37℃环境放置30d物理性状稳定。     

重组鸡IL-2对禽流感灭活苗免疫增强作用试验

使用重组鸡白介素-2作为免疫佐剂,检测chIL-2对禽流感病毒H9亚型灭活疫苗的免疫增强作用。将1日龄的AA肉雏鸡,随机分为7组,每组10只,采用胸部肌肉注射方式进行免疫,对照组仅接种H9亚型禽流感灭活疫苗,试验组分别同时接种H9亚型禽流感灭活疫苗O．5mL和不同剂量（0．01mg-1mg）的鸡IL-2。每7d静脉采血,采用血凝和血凝抑制方法检测机体中抗体水平变化情况。结果表明,接种重组鸡IL-2的试验组动物能在2月内保持高抗体水平,且在免疫后第10周,其平均抗体水平仍高于疫苗对照组3．6个～4．5个滴度,表明了重组鸡IL-2蛋白对H9亚型禽流感灭活疫苗具有免疫增强作用。     

鸡新城疫、禽流感二联灭活疫苗与同类产品的免疫效力比较

将鸡新城疫、禽流感（H9亚型,SY株）二联灭活疫苗与市售同类对照苗分不同剂量皮下注射接种30日龄SPF鸡,免疫后定期采血,分离血清,通过检测血清中ND和AI的HI抗体水平比较各组鸡抗体产生期、抗体高峰及免疫持续期,并进行不同血凝抗原检测HI抗体结果的对比。试验鸡血清样品检测结果显示,免疫鸡抗体产生期为免后2周内,免后8周和5周ND和AI的HI抗体滴度分别达到峰值,抗体至少可持续28周以上,两种灭活苗之间免疫效果基本相当。     

鸡新城疫免疫鸡群强毒感染与HI抗体水平关系的研究

应用RT-PCR方法对鸡新城疫4种不同免疫程序鸡群NDV强毒的感染进行监测。结果显示,鸡新城疫弱毒疫苗和油乳剂灭活疫苗同时接种的免疫鸡群NDV强毒的感染率最低。同时应用HA-HI试验对这4群鸡进行平行抽样检测其抗体效价,发现鸡群免疫水平整齐且平均HI效价在11 log2以上时,免疫鸡群基本不感染鸡NDV强毒。     

重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-1株)免疫鸡抗体消长规律及免疫程序的初步研究

研究新型重组H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗对种鸡和肉鸡的免疫原性,并对雏鸡母源抗体和免疫后的抗体进行动态观察,根据试验结果推荐该疫苗对鸡的免疫程序。用HI方法检测种鸡、肉鸡的母源抗体和免疫抗体,根据母源抗体的衰减和免疫抗体的消长规律确定首免和再免日龄。结果表明种鸡的母源抗体约能维持10 d多;0.3 mL/羽首免后10 d HI抗体就可达到6.40 log2,3-5周达到高峰期,至免疫17周后(19周龄)HI抗体水平仍然维持在4.88 log2;19周龄时0.5 mL/羽进行二免,有效抗体能维持约20周;280日龄0.5 mL/羽三免后抗体水平均一,下降缓慢,至种鸡淘汰时(三免后29周)抗体水平仍能维持在5.32 log2。肉鸡母源抗体约能维持7d,10日龄时0.3 mL/羽免疫,有效抗体能维持到上市。新型重组H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗对鸡的免疫原性确实。     

新城疫CHR株与La Sota株2种疫苗近期免疫效力比较试验

鸡新城疫CHR 株冻干疫苗中试产品3 批以及La Sota 株冻干疫苗( 符合质量要求) , 以5 种免疫途径: 肌注、滴鼻、喷雾、饮水、拌料分别接种11 日龄雏鸡。每批疫苗每种途径接种1 组, 20 只/ 组, 共20 组。雏鸡群免疫前血凝抑制抗体(HI) 效价为1∶2-13 , 于14 d 、28 d 后再测HI抗体水平, 并分别用10 000 鸡胚半数致死量(ELD50) 新城疫标准强毒北京株攻击。从而检测2 种疫苗用5 种免疫途径免疫后在不同时间的近期免疫效力。结果表明, 近期内CHR 株疫苗HI抗体呈上升趋势, 而La Sota 株疫苗HI抗体先升高后下降; CHR 株疫苗以饮水和拌料途径效果较好, 其它3 种途径效果相似。接种后14 d 攻毒, 2 种疫苗均能较好保护强毒攻击; 28 d 后, CHR 株保护率高于La Sota 株。     

新城疫-传染性支气管炎-减蛋综合征三联油乳剂苗免疫对比试验

用血凝抑制试验（ＨＩ）监测自制ＮＤＲＩＢＥＤＳ、ＮＤＫＩＢＥＤＳ三联油乳剂灭活苗免疫鸡的抗体水平,并进行相应强毒攻击,同时以ＮＤＥＤＳ二联、ＲＩＢ、ＫＩＢ等自制油苗和进口ＮＤＲＩＢＥＤＳ三联油苗作对照。在此基础上,用自制三联苗免疫产前鸡４批共３８５２只,进行了田间免疫试验。结果表明：１用各种疫苗免疫后,第２０天鸡体ＨＩ抗体达峰值,维持３个月左右,至免疫后３６０天,ＮＤ抗体仍维持在８０ｌｏｇ２以上,ＲＩＢ、ＫＩＢ和ＥＤＳ的ＨＩ抗体均在７０ｌｏｇ２以上。经检验不同疫苗免疫的鸡相应抗体在同时期内均无显著差异（Ｐ＞００５）。２攻毒试验也表明,自制苗和进口苗具有同等的免疫效果,均获良好的免疫保护。３田间免疫试验表明,自制三联苗免疫效果良好。     

鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、禽流感(H9亚型)三联灭活苗(La Sota株+M41株+Re-9株)应用效果研究

鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、禽流感(H9亚型)三联灭活苗(La Sota株+M41株+Re-9株)(三联苗(Re-9株))为国内首个采用基因重组H9亚型禽流感疫苗株研制的新支流三联灭活疫苗.为研究疫苗上市后的实际应用效果,使用7日龄AA肉鸡和260日龄产蛋期蛋鸡评价三联苗(Re-9株)有效性.结果显示:肉鸡免疫后14 d...     

Haemagglutination Inhibition Antibodies,Rectal Temperature and Total Protein of Chickens Infected with a Local Nigerian Isolate of Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus

Changes in values of haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titre, rectal temperature (RT) and total protein (TP) were determined for Shaver Brown chickens infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) Kudu 113. The infected chickens came down with Newcastle disease by day 3 post infection (PI). The major clinical signs were depression, greenish diarrhoea, paralysis of legs and wings, opisthotonus and torticolis. Mortality and morbidity were 52% and 1000%, respectively. There were haemorrhagic lesions in the wall of the intestine, proventricular mucosa and caecal tonsils. There were necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration of the liver, kidney and spleen. There was a significant increase in daily mean HI antibody titres from days 3 to 9 PI. Similarly, significant rise in daily mean RTs were noticed in the infected chickens from days 1 to 13 PI. On the other hand, there was a decrease in daily mean TP concentrations of infected chickens, beginning from day 3 PI, and the lowest concentration of 2.60 +/- 0.15 g/dl was obtained by days 7 and 11 PI. The values of HI, RT and TP for the control chickens were relatively constant during the experiment. The correlation coefficient (r) between HI and RT was positive and highly significant (r = 0.725, p<0.001), while the relationship between HI and TP was negative but highly significant (r = -0.712, p<0.001). It was concluded that NDV Kudu 113 induced increases in values of HI and RT, which occurred concurrently with a decrease in TP concentrations of infected chickens.     

Experimental trials with a thermostable Newcastle disease virus (strain I2) in commercial and village chickens in Tanzania

Antibody responses in indigenous village and commercial chickens vaccinated with 12 thermostable Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine and protection levels against challenge with a virulent field isolate were determined. The antibody response of village chickens vaccinated by eye drop revealed that 30, 60 and 90 days after primary vaccination, the mean log2 HI titres were 6.1, 5.4 and 3.6, respectively, whereas for commercial chickens, the antibody response after 14, 30 and 90 days were 8.2, 5.1 and 4.2, respectively. Village chickens vaccinated orally via drinking water had mean log2 HI titres of 3.4 after 30 days. After booster vaccination, the mean HI titre was 5.4 and 3.3 after 30 and 60 days post-secondary vaccination (i.e. 60 and 90 days after primary vaccination). Antibody response of mean log2 HI titres of 2.6 was recorded 30 days after primary vaccination orally through food; 30 and 60 days after secondary vaccination (i.e. 60 and 90 days after primary vaccination), mean log2 HI titres were 5.3 and 3.2, respectively. All commercial and village chickens vaccinated by eye drop survived the challenge trial whereas village chickens vaccinated through drinking water and food had protection levels of 80% and 60% 30 days after primary vaccination, respectively. However, 30 days after booster vaccination, the protection level was 100%. At 60 days after secondary vaccination, the protection level dropped again to 80% for chickens vaccinated orally. All control chickens used in the challenge trials developed clinical ND and died 3-5 days after inoculation with the virulent virus. Supported by laboratory findings, I2 strain of NDV seemed to be avirulent, immunogenic and highly protective against virulent isolates of NDV. It may be a suitable vaccine to use in village chickens to vaccinate them against ND in rural areas.