莫干山的象虫总科昆虫

本文记述浙江林学院等采自莫干山的象虫总科共10种,其中象虫科9种,卷象科1种。     

梨树几种越冬害虫的防治

近几年来,以土壤越冬的梨象虫(梨虎)、梨实蜂、梨卷叶瘿蚊三种虫的为害逐年加重。稍有不慎,会使全园梨果绝收。一、几种害虫的为害特点1、梨象虫以成虫潜伏在土壤中6cm深处越冬,翌年4月至5月中旬出土,为害一周后即开始交尾产卵,此时梨果     

象虫金小蜂繁殖技术及其对烟草甲的防治研究

象虫金小蜂是烟草甲的重要寄生性天敌，为探究象虫金小蜂的人工繁殖技术，本文研究了象虫金小蜂的寄主选择性偏好，筛选了象虫金小蜂及其寄主烟草甲的最佳饲养密度，并评价了象虫金小蜂在不同释放密度和方法下对烟草甲的防效。结果表明：象虫金小蜂对4种寄主的选择系数从大到小依次为烟草甲、绿豆象、菜豆象和玉米象；象虫金小蜂更偏好选择烟草甲幼虫作为产卵寄主。4种寄主中，以烟草甲为寄主的象虫金小蜂发育历期最短、出蜂数最多，成蜂质量最重。每瓶接种150头烟草甲能获得最佳出虫量1725.00头/瓶，在此密度下饲养烟草甲40 d左右，每瓶接入40对象虫金小蜂，可获得最佳出蜂数608.00头/瓶。无论在烟箱还是烟垛条件下，象虫金小蜂对烟草甲的种群数量均具有一定控制作用，大部分处理的防效在77.9%～92.0%之间。综上所述，象虫金小蜂更偏好寄生烟草甲，每个饲养瓶接种150头烟草甲成虫，40 d后接种40对/瓶象虫金小蜂可以作为象虫金小蜂人工繁殖的基本技术参数，且采用象虫金小蜂防治对烟草甲的种群数量有一定控制效果。     

茶树食叶象虫的发生与控制措施

象虫属鞘翅目、象虫科的昆虫，种类多，分布广。在茶园，象虫主要以成虫为害茶树芽、叶，严重影响茶叶的产量和品质。     

稻谷,糙米,精米在储藏期对玉米象（Sitophilus zeamais）的抗…

选用抗玉米象的４个水稻品种即花粳２号，６６５，浙８５２，鄂宜１０５，和２个感虫品种即秀水４８，Ⅱ优４６，研究其稻谷，糙米，精米对玉米象的抗虫性差异。结果表明：抗虫品种不同米型的抗虫性顺序是糙米最感玉米象，精米次之，稻谷最抗玉米象。感虫品种是糙米最感玉米象，稻谷次之，精米最抗玉米象。但其中感虫品种的稻谷和精米的抗虫性经方差分析和新复极差测验，无显著差异。     

山西象虫调查初报

从１９８５年迄今，作者对山西省象虫种类进行了初步调查．采集到象虫标本７２种、隶属于１０个亚科、３７个属。其中山西新记录有１６种，华北新记录９种．     

呼和浩特地区甜菜象未来发展趋势的分析和展望

呼和浩特地区为害甜菜的象(虫甲)多达17种,其中以普通甜菜象(Bothynoderes Pun-ctiV Punctiventrisefris Germ)为优势种,占总发生量的90％以上。该虫是北方干旱地区盐渍化、次生盐渍化地带的一种害虫、也是甜菜生产上毁灭性的劲敌。象虫以成     

中国新记录种：蛀果Mang果象记述（鞘翅目：象虫科）

蛀果Mang果象首次在我国云南Mang果产区被发现，在记述该虫形态特征的同时，与印度果核象，果核Mang果象和德宏果核Mang果象3种mang果象作形态比较。     

多种药剂防治稻水象甲田间药效试验

<正>稻水象甲又名稻水象、稻根象和稻象甲等,属鞘翅目象虫科沼泽象亚科稻水象属。该虫主要危害水稻,是水稻上一种毁灭性害虫。该虫因适生范围广、繁殖能力强、危害时间长、越冬场所多、扩散速度快等生物学特性,防控难度很大。为了有效控制该虫害,2014年,我们做了多种药剂防治稻水象甲田间防效试验,为大田有效防治稻水象甲提供依据。一、材料与方法1.供试作物供试水稻品种为农林315。     

云南境内5种象虫幼虫和蛹的形态描述

分别描述了云南木蠹象（Pissodes yunnanensis Langor,Situ et Zhang),多瘤雪片象（Niphades verrucosus Voss)，粗刻点木蠹象（Pissodes punctatus Langor,Situ et Zhang)；果核芒果象（Sternochetus olivieri Faust）和果肉芒果象（Sternochetus frigidus Faust）等5种象虫的幼虫和肾的形态特征，并配备插图和说明，幼虫主要特征包括头部正面观、内唇、上颚、下颚、第Ⅵ腹节、气 门；蛹体正面观，背面观，臀板和臀棘。列出了幼虫检索表，并报道了5种象虫的生活习性。     

榆树的栽培历史及与之相关的文化现象

中国古代有着悠久的植榆历史,历史文献和考古资料证实起源于商周时期,周代以后得到了很大发展,保持着长盛不衰的历史景象。中国古代人植榆除材用之外,还广泛盛植于道路(行道树)、河堤(护堤树)、园林(风景树)和边防(边防林),以发挥榆树的生态效应。在长期的用榆和植榆历史过程中,形成了一种独特的榆树文化现象。主要体现在:1.榆树崇拜:视榆树为火崇拜、古代社树、神、祖先和吉祥的象征而祭拜;2.榆树诗文:视榆树为表达情感的符号;3.榆树地名:用榆树作某一地名的符号;4.榆木家具。     

观赏榆雄孔雀树栖蹲坐造型技艺

挑选2 点高位嫁接金叶垂榆成活1 个接穗的种苗,将白榆和金叶垂榆联合养育成上耸下垂的双色树冠,得到观赏榆作为毛胚树,着眼于成年雄性蓝孔雀整体面貌,抓住蹲坐在树上休息的典型动作,依附孔雀上身金属模具,由中部至上、下两端进行立体加工,采用修剪绑扎技术制作造型,利用绿色叶的白榆创造雄孔雀玲珑的上身,利用金叶垂榆创造雄孔雀硕大的下体,培育出观赏榆雄孔雀树栖蹲坐造型,配植于自然式园林的重要空间,仿佛蓝孔雀入驻植物园。     

珍稀及待开发树种材性及用途的研究

选择了大别山五针松、杉松、三角枫、山核桃,梓树、朴树、连香树、毛,丝棉木,刺揪,铜钱树,棠梨、琅琊榆,醉翁榆及榔榆等１５个树种,观察和记载木材解剖特征,分析其化学成分,测试物理性质,力学性质以及加工性质。根据上述各树种的材质、材性和加工性质,大别山五针松、山核桃、梓树、连香树,琅琊榆,醉翁榆及榔榆等木材优良,应属于稀有和珍贵的木材树种。杉松、三角枫、朴树、毛、丝棉木、刺揪、铜钱树及棠梨等木材质量好,价值高,可以有计划的发展作为重要的商品材开发利用。本文还根据各树种木材的特性,结合实际调查,提出这些树种木材的合理加工和利用的意见。     

榆属树种遗传改良研究现状及思考

该文对榆属树种的遗传育种研究进展进行了较为系统的综述 ,主要包括 :国内外榆树育种材料资源的保存和利用现状 ;国内外榆树改良和育种目标 ;选择、杂交及其它非常规育种手段在榆树改良项目中的应用 .文中还对中国榆树育种工作中存在的问题以及改进途径进行了讨论 .     

Studies on Occurrence Ecological Factors and Management Strategies of Ambrostoma quadriimpressum in Harbin City

This paper investigated effects of four ecological variables on the damage levels of elm leaf beetle (different effects of minimum and maximum values, relations between each two variables were also explored) and discussed current management measures. The results showed that among these factors, interval between elm trees significantly affected damage level by this leaf beetle species, and perimeter of elm trunk could change this effect. On the other side, while middle values for each index were deleted, effects comparison between minimum and maximum parts showed that good root soil as overwintering was related with more damage;more severe damages on elm tree would result in more control measures used; on elm tree with bigger trunk, more damages were observed; and if other elm tree was closer, more damages would occur. Secondly, good root soil was related with more measures used;good root soil was correlated with smaller perimeter; good root soil was associated with bigger interval. Thirdly, more measures were correlated with bigger perimeter; more measures were also correlated with good root soil. Fourthly, bigger perimeter was correlated with worse root soil. Current dominant control measures included chemical pesticide application preventing adult insects from descending or climbing up along trunk before and after overwintering. These results suggested that we should focus on elm leaf beetle management on all the elm trees instead of only on bigger elm trees at proper period simultaneously because occurrence on these elm trees were related intensively although this adult elm leaf beetle species could not fly and had limited movement ability.     

The Ecological Effects of Young Elm Trees Belt-Pumpkin Strip Intercropping System at the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone in Northern China

Young elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intercropping was studied to solve the actual problem of resource losses in the large barren area resulted from reconverting cultivated land into forest in the agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China. The final objective was to realize effective utilization of the barren land with both ecological improvement and economic development. Field experiments were conducted together with laboratory analysis. The results indicated that the soil moisture level was remarkably increased in young elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intereropping because the pumpkin vines covered the gap between pumpkin planting-furrow and elm trees belt. The water use efficiency of the intercropping system was increased by 23.7-163.3% as compared with the single cropping. Elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intercropping changed the sequential succession trend of the grasses growing in the gap of the pumpkin planting-furrow. The annual grasses become the dominant vegetation. The nutritive value as fodder and yield of the annual grasses were also increased remarkably. The biomass of pumpkin, elm trees and grasses under intercropping increased by 24.4, 28.4 and 144.4%, respectively, as compared with those under single cropping. The land use efficiency was increased by 132%. It was also indicated that the soil erosion from the intercropping land was not increased due to pumpkin plantation. The differences in the soil erosion among intercropped area, elm trees belt and pumpkin strip with single cropping were not remarkable. Therefore, it was concluded that young elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intercropping is an effective way to utilize the barren land between the young elm trees belt and realize synergistic enhancement of ecological benefit and economic profit.     

科尔沁沙地疏林草原植被恢复技术体系

科尔沁沙地天然榆树疏林草原的自然更新能力较强,每年可以产生大量的榆树幼苗,疏林地内每个小居群内的幼苗数以1株～10株最多,每公顷疏林地有幼苗6万多株,折合6株/m2,为榆树疏林草原植被的恢复提供了可能.科尔沁沙地榆树疏林草原的类型多样,具有多种经营利用方向.主要类型可以划分为以下3种：Ⅰ型为散生的榆树疏林草原,Ⅱ型为团块状的榆树疏林草原,Ⅲ型为榆树灌丛疏林草原,榆树和山杏、山里红等共同构成群落的主体.沙地植被的恢复可以采取对天然榆树疏林草原在封育的基础上通过人工经营管理,进行定向培育,可以在短期内按照人类自身的目的尽快地得以恢复;也可以通过人工措施重新建立上述3种类型的人工疏林草原植被.沙地疏林草原植被属于生态经济型植被类型,需要把疏林和草原有机的结合起来,生态与经济效益并重,天然植被人为定向恢复和人工疏林草原植被建设相结合.     

白榆优良无性系早期选择的研究

本文以８年生的２４个白榆（ＵｌｍｕｓｐｕｍｉｌａＬｉｎｎ．）杂交无性系为试验材料,进行了白榆生长早期选择的研究。结果表明：不同无性系之间在生长量（胸径、树高、材积）上存在着极显著的差异。通过对白榆历年生长的分析,计算出生长性状间的年一年秩次相关,表明表型相关和遗传相关是极显著的。以胸径、树高、材积等性状的早晚期相关系数建立的回归方程算出的年选择效率表明,从造林后第３年的胸径估计造林后１５年的胸径,造林后３年的胸径和材积估计造林后１２年的材积,均具有极显著的相关性（ｒ＝０．５４９９～０．６６０１）和最高的选择效率（１．２７～２．２７）,说明当白榆无性系造林后３年,即４年生时即可根据胸径和材积进行早期选择。     

欧洲白榆杂交与苗期选择的初步研究

以春榆、大果榆、欧洲白榆作母本,以欧洲白榆作为父本进行初步杂交试验,对杂交获亲和难易、得到种子的几率、杂种种子发芽率和苗期长量进行了比较。结果表明:各个杂交组合杂交较易取得成功,就苗期数据看,个别杂交组合F1代杂种优势明显。     

金叶榆和白榆枝条抗寒性比较

为了比较金叶榆和白榆的抗寒性差异,采用人工模拟低温的方法,对低温胁迫下金叶榆和白榆一年生枝条的萌芽率、相对电导率、伤害率、POD活性、MDA含量及可溶性蛋白含量的变化进行了研究。结果表明:随着处理温度的降低,金叶榆和白榆枝条的萌芽率均呈下降趋势,白榆的下降幅度高于金叶榆;伤害率和相对电导率均呈上升趋势,白榆枝条的伤害率和相对电导率上升幅度均高于金叶榆;MDA含量、可溶性蛋白质含量也呈上升趋势,白榆的MDA含量一直高于金叶榆,而可溶性蛋白质含量却低于金叶榆。综合分析表明,金叶榆的抗寒性高于白榆。