栽培绿豆V1128抗豆象基因定位

对抗豆象资源中蕴藏的抗豆象基因进行定位, 是对其充分利用的前提和基础。本研究通过对抗豆象栽培绿豆V1128和感豆象栽培绿豆冀绿7号杂交形成的F₂分离群体进行抗豆象鉴定, 分析V1128抗豆象遗传规律; 并利用混合群体分离分析法(BSA法)筛选抗感池间的多态性标记, 进而利用QTL IciMapping 4.0对V1128抗豆象基因进行染色体定位分析。结果表明, V1128对绿豆象的抗性由具有主效作用的显性单基因控制, 暂命名其为“Br3”。在将抗豆象性状作为质量性状的条件下, 按照显性单基因的定位方法, 将抗豆象基因Br3定位在绿豆染色体5上, 位于标记DMB158和VRBR-SSR033 (标记VRID5、VRBR-SSR032与VRBR-SSR033的连锁群位置相同)之间, 两侧遗传距离分别为4.4 cM和5.8 cM, 所在物理区间约288 kb。将抗豆象性状作为数量性状, 采用完备区间作图法(ICIM)对种子被害率进行QTL定位, 同样在标记DMB158和VRBR-SSR033之间检测到1个主效QTL, 其LOD值为38.04, 可以解释表型变异(PVE)的71.64%, 来自父本V1128的等位基因具有明显减少种子被害率的效应。该研究结果可以为绿豆抗豆象分子标记辅助育种及抗豆象基因Br3的精细定位和克隆提供有用信息。     

Cross-Compatibility of Cultivated Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) and Rice Bean (V. umbellata) with Their Wild Relatives

The wild Ceratotropis species which occur in Japan consist of Vigna angularis var. nipponensis, V. nakashimae, V. riukiuensis and V. reflexo-pilosa. The main aim of the present study is to detect cross-compatibility of adzuki bean and rice bean with these wild relatives. The cross of V. nakasbimae with adzuki bean was successful in both directions and viable seeds were produced, while the cross with rice bean was not successful. V. riukiuensis is cross-compatible with adzuki bean and rice bean only when V. riukiuensis is used as male parent and the hybrid seeds showed normal germination. The cross between V. reflexopilosa and the two cultigens adzuki bean and rice bean did not succeed in either direction. The present results suggest that V. nakashimae and V. riukiuensis could be used as gene sources for the adzuki bean breeding programme through interspecific hybridization. Successful hybrids between adzuki bean and rice bean cannot easily be produced. However, since V. riukiuensis is cross-compatible with both adzuki bean and rice bean, V. riukiuensis could be useful as a bridge species between adzuki bean and rice bean.     

The Importance of the Bolivian Wild Potato Species in Breeding for Globodera pallida Resistance

Screening for resistance to the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, in potatoes from. Bolivia, was carried out in 1983 and 1984, using a mixture of four nematode populations representing pathotypes Pa₁, Pa₂ and Pa₃ From the 66 accessions of 17 species and subspecies evaluated, highly resistant genotypes were identified in 21 accessions from seven species. All had Pf/Pi values of 2 or less, whereas the susceptible control, Solanum tuberosum cv. ‘Disiree’ had Pf/Pi values of more than 2G in both tests. Two diploid wild species, S. brevicaule and S. leptophyes, showed the best resistant. The geographical distributional of resistant populations and the evolution of resistance in wild potato populations are discussed.     

The Location of Sources of Field Resistance to Bremia lactucae in Wild Lactuca Species

Thirty-one accessions of four Lactuca species (L. serriola, L. saligna, L. aculeata, L. squarrosa) and one L. serriola×L. sativa hybrid were screened for field resistance to Bremia lactucae. In the L. serriola group, significant differences in the level of field resistance were distinguished. The accessions PI 281876 and PI 253467 were free of infection. Moreover, all L. saligna accessions tested were totally free from disease during three-year-investigation.     

Resistance to Phytophthora infestans in Potato Genotypes Originating from Wild Species

The reaction to P. infestans in the foliage and tubers of potato was evaluated in resistant genotypes and in their progeny. The genotypes originated from wild species known to carry genes for specific resistance. Evidence was obtained that three types of resistance to P. infestans were presented in the genotypes: (1) Resistance due to major, dominant genes was predominant. The presence of these genes was expressed in both foliage and tubers and did not influence maturity. Some of the genes were R genes, providing specific resistance, but for others this could not be determined as they were effective against the fungus inoculum with the highest virulence available: 1.2.3.4.5.7.10.11. (2) Resistance was present, associated with late maturity. (3) Tuber resistance was present, expressed after inoculation of whole tubers but not after inoculation of tuber slices. Testing of the progeny was essential for the determination of the type of resistance present in the genotypes evaluated.     

新疆小麦野生近缘种的研究进展

小麦野生近缘植物物种丰富、类型多样,具有耐寒、抗旱、耐盐碱、抗病和高蛋白等优良特性,是小麦遗传资源的重要组成部分,是小麦育种优异外源基因的主要供体。新疆是小麦近缘植物的遗传多样性中心之一。此文简述了小麦野生近缘种的分布及意义,并着重综述新疆小麦野生近缘种的分布及研究利用情况,分析存在的问题,提出保护新疆小麦野生近缘种资源的必要性和应采取的有效措施。     

Response of accessions within tomato wild species,Solanum pimpinellifolium to late blight

Late blight (LB), caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most devastating diseases of the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) worldwide. Most commercial cultivars of tomato are susceptible to LB. Previously, three major LB resistance genes (Ph‐1, Ph‐2, Ph‐3) were identified and incorporated into a few commercial cultivars of tomato. Reduced effectiveness and potential breakdown of the resistance genes has necessitated identification, characterization and utilization of new sources of resistance. We evaluated the response of 67 accessions of the wild tomato species, S. pimpinellifolium to LB, under multiple field and greenhouse (GH) conditions and compared them with six control genotypes. Sixteen accessions were identified with strong LB resistance in both field and GH experiments. However, 12 accessions exhibited resistance similar to a control line which was homozygous for Ph‐2 + Ph‐3. Genotyping accessions with molecular markers for Ph‐2 and Ph‐3 were not conclusive, indicating that resistance in these accessions could be due to these or other resistance genes. Strong correlations were observed between field and GH disease response and between foliar and stem infection.     

浙江省野生花境植物资源及观赏应用初步研究

通过调查浙江省野生植物资源,根据花境植物选择标准,从观赏性、适应性和安全性出发筛选出观赏应用价值较高的33种野生花境植物,评价分析其生长习性、生境特点和主要观赏特性及花境应用,并指出花境植物应用中存在的大量引种国内外品种导致的生态安全、品种退化、价格偏高、种类偏少、管理难等诸多问题,并提出在保护野生植物资源的前提下,选择适应性强、抗逆性强、观赏价值高、种植以后无需经常更换的野生花境植物,并进行合理有效开发利用的建议。     

贵州茶树种质资源研究进展及野生茶树资源调查

本文根据文献资料综述了贵州茶树种质资源研究进展;通过实地调查研究,对贵州西南部的野生茶树资源进行了标准化整理和数据描述。     

Presence of Gene Del in Wild Species of the Genus Lycopersicon Mill.

The carotene composition of the fruits of F₁ hybrids between Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. — cv. 1/D (genotype Del⁺Dd⁺) and wild species of genus Lycopersicon with various fruit pigmentation — red, orange, and green — has been investigated. The results reveal that the red and orange-fruited species carry the recessive allele Del⁺, while the green-fruited species carry a δ-carotene gene which is identical or similar in action to the dominant gene Del. The test of allelism that has been carried out proves that the δ-carotene gene from Lycopersicon pennellii Corr. is allelic to gene Del.     

利用三个野生棉种进行陆地棉纤维品质改良的效应比较

利用野生种开展了陆地棉纤维品质改良研究,以比较其对品质改良的效应。在适宜条件下,将陆地棉分别与异常棉(Gossypiumanomalum),辣根棉(G.armourianum),雷蒙德氏棉(G.rai mondii)等杂交培育出纤维品质基本稳定、农艺性状良好的一批超强细长绒棉纤维种质系。对品质改良效果的大小依次为异常棉、辣根棉、雷蒙德氏棉。101个来自异常棉、49年来自辣根棉和47个来自雷蒙德氏棉的后代品系,平均纤维比强度分别达38.15cN·tex-1、35.50cN·tex-1、和34.43cN·tex-1、,长度达33.35mm、33.16mm和32.29mm,麦克隆值为4.11、4.29和4.37。表明野生棉是改良和提高纤维品质的重要基因来源。     

Agroinoculation of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) Overcomes the Virus Resistance of Wild Lycopersicon Species

Accessions of the wild tomato species Lycopersicon chilense LA 1969 and L. hirsutum LA 1777 which are resistant to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in field- and in whitefly-mediated transmission tests were agroinoculated with a tandem repeat of the TYLCV genome. Large amounts of viral DNA started to accumulate in the agroinoculated L. chilense and L. hirsutum plants about 10 days after the agroinoculation. Yellowing and narrowing of the upper leaves were observed in the L. chilense plants but no curling as in susceptible L. esculentum cultivars. The agroinoculated L. hirsutum plants showed typical yellowing and curling of young leaves. These findings indicate that TYLCV introduced by means of agroinoculation leads to the breakdown of natural resistance mechanisms which prevent the replication, spread and expression of symptoms in resistant tomato genotypes.     

Mapping of a novel,major late blight resistance locus in the diploid (1EBN) Mexican Solanum pinnatisectum Dunal on chromosome VII

Late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary (Pi) is the most important foliar disease of potato worldwide. An intraspecific hybrid between individuals of a resistant and a susceptible S. pinnatisectum accession was backcrossed to the susceptible parent to generate a segregating population for late blight resistance consisting of 84 plants. In detached‐leaflet assays, reaction to late blight segregated in a 1r:1s manner in BC₁ progeny indicating the presence of a single dominant resistance gene. A genetic map was constructed based on 1,583 DArT/SSR markers which were allocated to 12 linkage groups, covering 1,793.5 cM with an average marker distance of 1.1 cM. The late blight resistance locus derived from S. pinnatisectum was mapped on chromosome VII. In comparison with the previously reported resistance genes Rpi1 and Rpi2, the new target resistance locus most likely is located on the opposite arm of chromosome VII. Results of this study will serve as a basis for future fine mapping of the late blight resistance locus and the development of locus‐specific markers for marker‐assisted selection.     

内蒙古桦木沟林场不同地貌野生花卉资源分布

内蒙古桦木沟林场地形地貌类型广泛,野花资源丰富,尚未得到有效开发。为了解野生花卉资源习性和生物学特征,开发利用野花资源,在路径调查的基础上,采用典型样地调查法,调查分析了其野花资源分布。共调查野花资源177种,隶属于40科129属,菊科、豆科、毛茛科等种类和种群数量较丰富。不同地貌Margalef丰富度指数1.35~8.28,Shannon-Wiener指数变异范围1.42~2.59,Simpson指数为0.59~0.96,湿地草甸、疏林草地物种多样性丰富,沙地多样性最低。湿度、光照等是影响野花多样性分布的重要因素。林场分布着丰富而有较大开发价值的喜光、耐荫、耐涝、喜湿、耐旱等不同生态型野生花卉。部分野生花卉资源濒危,亟需保护。     

放牧对西天山野果林下物种多样性及土壤的影响

探究不同强度放牧干扰下西天山野果林下植物群落物种多样性和土壤因子间的关系,为后期野果林的恢复和保护提供理论依据。以西天山野果林下植物为研究对象,依照放牧强度的划分方法,采用典型样地法,选择12个典型样地布置草本样方。以林下植物群落物种重要值指数、物种多样性指数和土壤因子作为评价指标,对比研究轻度（距离牧民居住点2~3 km）、中度（距离牧民居住点1~2 km）、重度（距离牧民居住点0~1 km）3种放牧干扰强度下群落结构、物种多样性和土壤因子的变化,进而分析植物群落物种多样性和土壤因子间的关系。结果表明,随着放牧强度的增加,群落植物组成发生明显变化,植物群落中优势种禾本科狗牙根和豆科车轴草逐渐被菊科蒲公英所取代;西天山野果林林下植物群落物种多样性水平呈逐渐下降的趋势;群落土壤理化性质差异明显,其中有机质、全氮含量表现出先降低后升高的趋势,全钾含量则表现出逐渐升高的趋势。研究认为,土壤中全钾含量和N/K是限制野果林群落多样性的主要土壤因子,这很可能与家畜排泄物的归还作用有关。     

Genetic resources of salt tolerance in wild Hordeum species

Salt tolerance was evaluated in 340 accessions of Hordeum, consisting of 41 brittle-rachis forms of Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare (H. agriocrithon) accessions, 154 H. vulgare L. subsp. spontaneum (H. spontaneum) accessions, and 145 accessions of ten other species or subspecies of wild Hordeum. Germination was carried out at concentrations of 171, 257, and 342 mM NaCl. The levels of salt tolerance for seed germination in wild Hordeum species were generally lower than those found by Mano et al. (1996) in cultivated barley; the NaCl tolerance level of the different species were as follows: H. agriocrithon > H. spontaneum > other wild Hordeum species. In addition, leaf injury index was used to assess tolerance at the seedling stage after treatment with 500 mM NaCl solution for four weeks. The levels of salt tolerance at the seedling stage in wild Hordeum species were generally higher than those found by Mano & Takeda (1995) in cultivated barley. Most wild Hordeum species showed high NaCl tolerance at the seedling stage and are considered good sources of germplasm for salt tolerance breeding. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

广西藤县大果红山茶种质资源的遗传多样性分析

为了分析广西藤县大果红山茶的遗传多样性,应用分子标记技术对14个大果红山茶样本进行标记,并利用NTSYSpc 2.1软件对分子标记结果进行聚类分析。结果表明:5条引物对14份供试样本的DNA进行扩增检验,共扩增出38条谱带,其中多态性谱带37条,多态性比率为97.37%;14株样本间遗传距离为0.3952~2.1383,其中3-5号和1-12号的遗传距离最大,为2.1383;而N3号和JJ5号的遗传距离最小,为0.3952;说明大果红山茶种间的遗传多样性较高,遗传分化较显著。     

Powdery mildew resistance in barley landrace material. I. Screening for resistance

A total of 4,681 accessions of Hordeum vulgare landrace material from Ethiopia, East Mediterranean, Near East, Nepal and China were sown in the field and subjected to the natural powdery mildew epidemic in Denmark. Apparently resistant accessions were selected. Selfed progeny from them were retested and reselected in subsequent years at four locations in Denmark. Finally, 16 promising donors of resistance were retained. They were characterized in the field and tested in the seedling stage for reaction to up to 72 different isolates of the powdery mildew fungus. The absence of the corresponding virulences in the Danish airborne powdery mildew population was ascertained in five years. The resistances in the 16 donors are apparently mutually different and from known sources of powdery mildew resistance in barley. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Screening for resistance in wild Lycopersicon species to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici race 1 and race 2

Wild Lycopersicon accessions were screened for resistance to the Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) race 1 and race 2. In total, four isolates of each race were used. Among 17 accessions of six Lycopersicon species tested, a wide genetic variation for wilt resistance was observed. Most accessions were highly susceptible, some showed intermediate resistance, but one accession of L. cheesmanii (G1.1615 = PI 266375) and two accessions of L. chilense (G1.1556 and G1.1558) were highly resistant to Fol races 1 and 2. The resistance in the latter three accessions equalled or was higher than the resistance determined by the known I-genes, that have been widely used in breeding programmes. These newly found resistant accessions provide breeders with more opportunities for Fusarium disease resistance and may contribute to our understanding of Fusarium disease resistance gene organisation and evolution.     

Inheritance of resistance to broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) race F in a sunflower line derived from wild sunflower species

Genetic resistance to broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) race F in sunflower line J1, derived from the wild perennial species Helianthusgrosseserratus Martens and Helianthus divaricatus L., has been reported to be controlled by dominant alleles at a single locus, Or6. However, deviations from this monogenic inheritance have been observed. The objective of the present study was to gain insight into the inheritance of resistance to broomrape race F in the sunflower line J1. F₁, F₂, F₃ and BC generations from crosses between J1 and three susceptible lines, P21, NR5 and HA821 were evaluated. F₁ hybrids showed both resistant (R) and moderately resistant (MR) plants, the latter having a maximum of five broomrape stalks per plant compared with >10 in the susceptible parents. This indicated incomplete dominance of the Or6 alleles. F₂ plants were classified as R, MR or susceptible (more than five broomrape stalks per plant). Three different segregation ratios were observed: 3 : 1, 13 : 3 and 15 : 1 (R + MR : S), suggesting the presence of a second gene, Or7, whose expression was influenced by the environment. A digenic model was confirmed, based on the evaluation of F_2:3 families.