富铬酵母发酵条件优化的研究

 利用酵母菌具有较强的富集微量元素的特性,试验对产朊假丝酵母富集微量元素铬的条件进行了优化。从6株酵母菌中筛选出耐铬能力和富集铬能力均较强的CJ2作为试验菌株。试验结果表明：500 mL三角瓶中装入75 mL发酵培养基,采用一次性加铬的方式,适宜的CrCl₃·6H₂O浓度为50 μg/mL,pH值为5.5,接种量为6%,摇床转速180 r/min,28~30 ℃下培养24 h,获得的富铬酵母生物量能达到1.30 g/100 mL,铬含量能达到2 000 μg/g左右,转化率能达到50%左右。同时CJ2菌株发酵罐培养,铬酵母生物量能达到1.80 g/100 mL,铬含量能达到2 500 μg/g左右。并对普通酵母和富铬酵母中的氨基酸组成了分析。     

复合菌固态生物转化啤酒糟发酵条件优化的研究

利用黑曲霉、绿色木霉、热带假丝酵母三菌株对啤酒酿造下脚料———啤酒糟进行固态发酵转化,在优化的培养基基础上,通过单菌种发酵试验,对发酵接种量、培养方式、菌种配比等进行优化;确定最佳的固态生物转化啤酒糟的发酵条件:菌种配比为,黑曲霉∶绿色木霉∶酵母=2∶1∶1,接种方式为先接黑曲霉、绿色木霉,24h后接酵母。经29℃,200r/min发酵5d得到的产品,具有多种酶活性,酸性蛋白酶酶活力达3540U/g(干基)、纤维素酶活力达432U/g(干基)、糖化酶活力达190U/g(干基),真蛋白质含量升高11.8%。     

一株高产β-胡萝卜素红酵母菌株的筛选及发酵工艺研究

试验从红色淤泥中筛选出一株产β-胡萝卜素较高的红酵母菌株SR-8,首先进行了平板固态培养、显微形态观察和26S r DNA D1/D2序列分析,序列比对后发现:该菌株与胶红酵母(Rhodotorula mucilaginosa)保守序列同源性达99%;又进行了液体发酵培养基成分单因素优化,在此基础上设计了正交试验,确定了最优发酵条件,即在葡萄糖8%、酵母膏2%、培养温度28℃和p H 6.5条件下,红酵母菌株SR-8的生物量达到13.44%,β-胡萝卜素产量达到567.42μg/g,为其作为家禽等的微生物饲料研究奠定基础。     

酵母菌发酵有机米糠富锗的条件优化

试验以有机米糠为发酵底物,研究酵母菌对锗的生物富集作用,通过对富锗酵母生物量以及锗含量的测定,对此发酵试验的条件进行优化。试验结果显示:令初始p H值自然,米糠添加量32 g/250 ml、装液量80 ml/250 ml、接种量10%、时间60 h、温度30℃、GeO_2添加量为100 mg/l时,优化培养条件所得的富锗酵母菌发酵的有机米糠的有机锗生产水平为11.83 mg/kg。     

红酵母利用玉米浆发酵产富含类胡萝卜素功能饲料的研究

研究旨在对红酵母D(Rhodotorula sp.D)利用玉米浆发酵生产含类胡萝卜素功能饲料的培养基的碳氮源进行优化,并进行工业化生产试验。对玉米浆和葡萄糖结晶废糖液分别进行单因素试验来确定最佳碳氮源比例,进行7 L发酵罐试验确定上罐参数,1 000 L发酵罐中试并对发酵液进行喷雾干燥制取产品。结果表明葡萄糖结晶废糖液和玉米浆的添加量分别为7%和33.3%,7 L发酵罐最佳发酵时间为72 h,此时的生物量、色素含量和色素产量分别达到30.2 g/l,374.1μg/g和11.3 mg/l;1 000 L最佳发酵时间为41 h,此时的菌体生物量,色素含量,色素产量分别为42 g/l,404.6μg/g,17 mg/l。喷雾干燥后的产品粗蛋白质含量达到31%,类胡萝卜素含量为180.4μg/g。结果表示,优化培养基组分,控制好发酵条件,就可以利用玉米浆发酵生产富含类胡萝卜素红酵母增色功能饲料。     

猪源益生菌株Bacillus velezensis Z-27产芽孢发酵条件优化

对猪源益生菌株Bacillus velezensis Z-27进行发酵条件优化试验。以芽孢产率和生物量为指标,利用单因素试验和正交试验确定了摇瓶发酵的最佳条件:玉米粉1%、豆饼粉1.5%、MnSO40.03%、NaH2PO4.2H2O 0.2%、Na2HPO4.2H2O 0.4%,初始pH值7.0,250 ml三角瓶装量50 ml,接种量2%,摇床转速220 r/min,发酵温度37℃。优化后发酵液的生物量为2.33×1010 cfu/ml,芽孢产率达96.0%,为该菌株的进一步研究和应用奠定了基础。     

富铁酵母发酵条件的优化

利用酵母菌具有较强富集微量元素的特性,试验对酵母菌富集微量元素铁的条件进行了优化.从7株酵母茵中筛选出耐铁能力和富集铁能力均较强的CRJ3作为试验菌株.结果表明,500 mL三角瓶中装入75 mL发酵培养基,pH为5.0,接种量为2％,在28 ～ 30℃,180 r/min条件下摇床培养,采用硫酸亚铁作为铁源,适宜浓度为800 μg/mL.在此条件下,培养所得的酵母菌体生物量能达1.30 g/100mL,铁含量能达35mg/g左右,转化率达到56.0％.同时CRJ3菌株采用恒定pH发酵罐培养,酵母菌体生物量能达到1.45 g/100mL,总铁含量能达500mg/L左右,有机化程度约为98％.     

饲用产朊假丝酵母的发酵培养条件研究

产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)是优良的饲料蛋白,在发酵饲料生产中得到广泛应用。利用单因素比较试验和响应面分析方法,对产朊假丝酵母的发酵培养条件进行了优化,获得了二次回归模型,建立起产朊假丝酵母的最优发酵培养条件:葡萄糖19.86 g/l、酵母膏9.56 g/l、K2HPO41.45 g/l、MgSO41.12 g/l,pH值5.5,发酵温度28℃。试验结果表明,该菌株具有生产速度快、易于培养的特点。     

发夫酵母利用淀粉水解液发酵合成虾青素的研究

发夫酵母269菌株能够直接发酵玉米淀粉或马铃薯淀粉水解液进行虾青素的生物合成。淀粉水解液的主要成分为葡萄糖,另外还有少许二糖和极限糊精,在添加适量其它营养物质后,可被269菌株利用生产虾青素。摇瓶实验结果表明,培养72h后,发夫酵母的生物量为12.5g/l,虾青素的体积产率为11.86mg/l;在10L罐分批发酵实验中,72h后发夫酵母的生物量可达17.5g/l,色素的体积产率达19.5mg/l;在10L罐恒pH补料发酵实验中,128h后发夫酵母的生物量可达49.5g/l,色素的体积产率达54.3mg/l。     

犊牛固态发酵微生态制剂的试验研究

研究旨在研制一种犊牛微生物发酵饲料,并确定其发酵培养条件。以前期试验筛选的益生酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌为协同发酵菌株,选取麸皮、玉米粉、豆粕等为发酵饲料原辅料,采用DPS软件对原料进行均匀混料设计,通过对固体发酵条件下各菌株生长情况的测定,将高活菌数的菌株进行配伍组合,确定了其最佳组合及接种比例,通过测定发酵饲料中的活菌数β-葡聚糖,柠檬酸、多肽等营养活性物质的含量,结合DPS软件中的Topsis法综合评价筛选出最优复合微生态制剂的发酵组方以及发酵模式。结果表明,复合菌最佳配伍组合为酿酒酵母、东方伊萨酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌,接种比例为2:3:1:1,优化的固态发酵配方为麸皮63.84%,玉米粉27.44%,豆粕6.41%,无机盐2.31%。结合发酵饲料的芳香气味,在先进行36 h有O_2发酵,再进行12 h无O_2发酵条件下,可使发酵产物活菌数达到5.3×10~(11)CFU/g,β-葡聚糖为10.515 mg/g,柠檬酸为164.508 mg/ml,多肽为160.55 mg/g,乳酸的含量为427.344μg/g。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.