国产咪唑苯脲对小鼠和水牛人工感染伊氏锥虫病的治疗试验

应用国产咪唑苯脲,以0.5mg、0.75mg两种剂量及1、2、3 d不同疗程,对人工感染伊氏锥虫的小鼠进行了治疗试验。结果,0.75mg×2 d组连续观察15 d以上,大多数小鼠存活,而未经治疗的对照组小鼠全部死亡。对3头人工感染伊氏锥虫的水牛,以4 mg/kg剂量一次皮下注射治疗后24 h,血液压滴标本检查虫体阴性,但1周后集虫检查和小鼠接种试验均为阳性,后改用3mg/kg×2d疗法,全部治愈。另外3头人工感染伊氏锥虫的水牛,以3mg/kg×2d疗法治疗后,用血液压滴法,集虫法及小鼠接种法检查虫体均为阴性,连续观察3个月未见复发。     

水牛伊氏锥虫间接ELISA检测方法的建立

利用伊氏锥虫的优势变异型虫体作为可溶性抗原,通过试验研究和条件优化,建立了一种水牛伊氏锥虫间接ELISA方法.测试结果表明,该法灵敏度高,特异性强,对实验感染样本的检测获得了较好的效果,为一种有效的ELIAS方法,为广西水牛伊氏锥虫病的诊断奠定了技术基础.     

Evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), PCR and parasitological tests for detection of Trypanosoma evansi in experimentally infected pigs

Six surra negative piglets (6-week-old) were infected with Trypanosoma evansi and two uninfected piglets were used as negative controls. Detection performances of various diagnostic tests (LAMP, PCR and parasitological tests) were compared by analysing blood samples collected weekly over a period of 11 weeks. With a two by two analysis without a gold standard, all methods were 100% specific. MI had the highest sensitivity of 65%, while LAMP, PCR, MHCT and TBS had sensitivities of 45, 33, 38 and 24%, respectively. However, when the analysis was done using MI as a gold standard, the sensitivity of MHCT was the highest at 53% followed by LAMP, PCR and TBS at 49, 44 and 35%, respectively. All methods gave high specificity above 60%. This study validates LAMP as an alternative method for the diagnosis of surra.     

急性感染肝片吸虫水牛血中几种花生四烯酸代谢物及激素动态变化

选择12头健康、2～3岁、体重300～400kg雄性去势水牛，粪便检查和Dot—ELISA检测确认无肝片吸虫感染，随机分成感染组(n=9)和对照组(n=3)。感染组每头经口一次性感染1600个肝片吸虫囊蚴。研究了水牛急性感染肝片吸虫后血中几种花生四烯酸代谢物及激素动态变化。结果表明：水牛在急性感染肝片吸虫后整个实验期里没有明显的临床症状，具有较大的耐受力和抵抗力；水牛感染后，PGE2在16周前高于或明显高于对照组，以后两组相近；6—keto—PGF1α在整个实验期感染组与对照组无明显差异；TXB2在第1—10周低于或明显低于对照组。血浆Cort在第4—10周高于或明显高于对照组；T4在第4—22周总体水平高于或显著高于对照组；Ins和T3在整个实验期两组比较未见明显差异性变化。结果提示：水牛在急性感染肝片吸虫后，血中一些花生四烯酸代谢物变化明显，参与病理生理发生发展过程。     

水牛血液与肝组织中cAMP、cGMP与cAMP/cGMP的正常水平及其在感染肝片吸虫后的动态变化

选择２ ～３ 岁,体重３００～４００ ｋｇ 雄性健康去势水牛２０ 头。用放射免疫方法测定水牛血清和肝组织中ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ水平及其在感染肝片吸虫后的动态变化。结果表明：水牛血清ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ、和ｃＡＭＰ／ｃＧＭＰ正常水平分别为（２－１１ ±０．４６） ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ,（０．８２ ±０．０７） ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ和２．２０ ±０．４１ 。肝组织匀浆三者水平值分别为（０－３５±０－０４） ｎｍｏｌ／ｇ,（０－１５ ±０－０１） ｎｍｏｌ／ｇ,２－３８±０－３４。慢性感染条件下,感染后２ ～１１ 周,血清ｃＡＭＰ与ｃＡＭＰ／ｃＧＭＰ在高于对照组的范围内波动,ｃＧＭＰ水平则与对照组相近;肝组织匀浆的ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ均高于对照组。急性感染水牛血清ｃＡＭＰ在感染后３～７ 周期间低于或显著低于对照组,而ｃＧＭＰ在高于对照组波动,ｃＡＭＰ／ｃＧＭＰ比值在感染后１～１５ 周低于对照组;肝组织匀浆中的ｃＧＭＰ显著高于对照组,而ｃＡＭＰ／ｃＧＭＰ则显著低于对照组。结果提示,肝片吸虫感染能导致宿主的ｃＡＭＰ,ｃＧＭＰ和ｃＡＭＰ／ｃＧＭＰ比值紊乱。     

番鸭细小病毒病病原的血清学检测与PCR鉴定

为了解安徽省番鸭细小病毒病的流行情况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对该省内部分番鸭群进行鹅细小病毒的血清抗体检测,同时对疑似病鸭进行了病原的PCR检测。结果发现,在被检测的44份血清样本中鹅细小病毒血清抗体阳性率高达34.1%;PCR检测结果显示,所检测的样品中,有2份为鹅细小病毒阳性,1份为番鸭细小病毒阳性,且3份被检样品均来自雏番鸭。该研究结果表明,该省番鸭群中存在鹅细小病毒和番鸭细小病毒感染,应采取有效的预防控制措施。     

Replacement Value of Undecorticated Sunflower Meal as a Supplement for Milk Production by Crossbred Cows and Buffaloes in the Northern Plains of India

The replacement value of undecorticated sunflower meal (SFM) in the diets of dairy animals was assessed on-station and on-farm. Eighteen primiparous crossbred (Bos taurus×Bos indicus) cows (350.4±8.84 kg), randomly allocated to three groups, were used in the on-station study. The animals were fed on either a conventional concentrate supplement (control) or on an experimental concentrate, in which SFM replaced 25% (SFM-25) or 50% (SFM-50) of the CP in the control supplement. Green oats (Avena sativa) were supplied ad libitum. A metabolism trial conducted following 60 days of experimental feeding revealed that the intakes of DM, DCP and TDN were similar among the groups. The digestibilities of OM, CP, EE, NDF and ADF were also without significant differences. All the groups were in positive nitrogen balance. Inclusion of SFM at either level had no effect on the intake, excretion or retention of nitrogen. The daily milk yield and its composition did not differ among the dietary treatments. Moreover, the efficiency of utilization of DOM and TDN for FCM production tended to reflect, although non-significantly, increasing levels of SFM inclusion. In the on-farm study, seven multiparous milking buffaloes belonging to six farmers were used to assess the effect of replacing 20% of the CP of the conventional supplement with SFM, in a predominantly crop residue-based diet. The study continued for 4 months and revealed that the average daily feed intake and milk production was similar in the control and SFM-fed groups. It was concluded that SFM can be effectively utilized as a cheaper replacement for costly oil cakes and wheat bran for economic milk production by smallholder farmers.     

某羊场和田羊与策勒黑羊无浆体季节性感染PCR检测

为了解和田羊和策勒黑羊无浆体季节动态感染情况,分别于2015年冬至、2016年春分、夏至和秋分,在策勒县某牧业合作社采集和田羊和策勒黑羊血液样本共120份,应用PCR对无浆体的MSP4基因和16SrRNA基因进行扩增。结果发现,检测绵羊的无浆体总阳性率为99.2%(119/120),以绵羊无浆体(Anaplasma ovis)和嗜吞噬无浆体(A.phagocytophilum)混合感染为主,占阳性样本比例为61.3%(73/119),A.ovis和A.phagocytophilum占阳性样本比例分别为31.1%(37/119)和7.6%(9/119)。在不同季节,和田羊和策勒黑羊无浆体均普遍感染,差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果显示,新疆策勒县某羊场绵羊的无浆体病全年均可流行,应引起人们重视。     

mRNA差异显示技术、PCR技术及其在动物营养研究中的运用

21世纪将是生命科学的世纪。当前,世界各国都将分子生物学纳入本国科技发展的重点。分子生物学技术的迅速发展为营养科学探索必需营养缺陷的分子基础提供了强有力的实验工具。本文旨在对mRNA差异显示技术、PCR技术等两种最常用的生物技术手段的原理、特点及其在动物营养研究中的应用作一综述。     

Prevalence of equine herpesvirus-1 and equine herpesvirus-4 infections in equidae species in Turkey as determined by ELISA and multiplex nested PCR

In this report we examined the presence of specific antibodies against equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), and equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4) in several equidae, including mules, donkeys, horses. The presence of EHV-1 and EHV-4 in respiratory diseases of equids, and ability of multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening in simultaneous diagnosis of horses acutely infected by EHV-1 and EHV-4 were also investigated. Sera from 504 horses, mules and donkeys sampled were tested for the presence of EHV-1 and EHV-4 specific antibodies. Blood samples taken from 21 symptomatic horses and nasal swabs taken from 40 symptomatic horses were tested for the presence of EHV-1 and EHV-4 by a multiplex nested PCR. A total of 14.3% (3/21) of buffy coat samples and 32.5% (13/40) nasal swab samples were found to contain EHV-1 DNA, while 19% (4/21) buffy coat samples and 22.5% (9/40) nasal swab samples were found to be positive for EHV-4 DNA. By species, 14.5% of horses, 37.2% of mules and 24.2% of donkeys tested were EHV-1 seropositive. EHV-4 specific antibodies were detected in 237 (81.7%) of 290 horse sera tested. Results from this investigation demonstrate that EHV-1 and EHV-4 are prevalent throughout the equid population, and that donkeys and mules might also represent an important source of infection for other equids. We also showed that the multiplex nested PCR assay might be useful for diagnosis of mixed respiratory infections in horses due to EHV-1 and EHV-4.     

Quantification and rep‐PCR characterization of Salmonella spp. in retail meats and hospital patients in Northern Thailand

Human salmonellosis is a major public health problem worldwide. Infections can pass to humans by contact with contaminated substances in the food chain. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and contamination levels of Salmonella isolated from pork, chicken and beef sold in different types of retail stores in Chiang Mai and Lamphun provinces and to investigate the genetic relatedness among Salmonella isolates in food chains in that area. A total of 360 meat samples from supermarkets, mini‐grocery stores and fresh markets were obtained. Salmonella Rissen and S. Weltevreden were found in all meat sample types and in human cases. The overall prevalence of Salmonella in the chicken, pork and beef samples was 34.17%, 32.50% and 3.33%, respectively. Quantitatively, Salmonella contamination was highest in pork (1.24 log₁₀MPN/g), followed by chicken (1.08 log₁₀MPN/g), and beef (0.75 log₁₀MPN/g). The highest frequency of Salmonella contamination was found at the fresh markets (85.71%), whereas the highest quantity of contamination level was from mini‐grocery stores (1.27 log₁₀MPN/g). The rep‐PCR analysis results revealed that some of the Salmonella from meat samples and human cases were identical clones.