SULFUR APPLICATION EFFECTS ON SOIL PROPERTIES IN A CALCAREOUS SOIL AND ON SUGARCANE GROWTH AND YIELD

High pH soils limit availability of pH sensitive nutrients including phosphorus (P), even though abundant levels are present. Application of such nutrients to the soil is ineffective because they quickly get tied up in unavailable forms. Elemental sulfur (S) application in a narrow band to lower root zone pH and increase nutrient availability to the crop is a possible economically feasible solution. A four year field study was conducted in which S was applied to sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) at rates up to 1120 kg S ha^?1 each of the 1st three years in a band using different application methods. Sulfur application effects on soil pH were gradual, causing only a slight reduction in the application zone after one year; but was long lasting, resulting in continuing substantial declines in soil pH in an adjacent zone four years after the first S application. Soil available P, sulfate (SO₄)-S, and salinity levels increased with increasing S applied. Sugarcane plant growth, as indicated by leaf area index during the grand growth period responded to moderate S application levels. Sugarcane yields increased linearly in the plant crop, but showed quadratic responses to S applications in the 1st through 3rd ratoon crops. Initial soil available P levels prior to the first treatment application were at the critical level considered adequate for crop requirements, yet growth and yield increases in response to S application suggest that the critical available soil P levels for sugarcane may be higher than previously established. Sulfur application at rates beyond those necessary to produce maximum yields resulted in salinity problems which probably reduced yields. The ‘stool splitter’ application method, which slices the plant stool using a coulter and places the fertilizer directly in the middle of the furrow caused crop damage and stand loss which persisted for the remainder of the sugarcane crops. Based on the results of this study, a single application of elemental S at up to 1120 kg S ha^?1 directly below the seed cane at planting is recommend for sugarcane on a calcareous soil, with no additional applications in later crops.     

Sugarcane by-products used as soil amendments on a sandy soil: Effects on sugarcane crop nutrition and yield

Agricultural by-products applied as soil amendments have the potential to improve crop production on low organic matter (OM) soils. This two-year study investigated the use of two readily available sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) milling by-products, mill mud, and mill ash, as soil amendments to improve first sugarcane crop (plant cane) and subsequent crop (first ratoon) grown on a sandy Spodosol. Sugarcane was grown in lysimeters receiving mill mud, mill ash, and a 50:50 (v:v) mill mud to mill ash mix. Amendments were applied at low, medium, and high application rates (5, 10, and 15 cm depths, respectively) and then incorporated 30 cm deep. Amendment effects on plant nutrition, soil characteristics, and crop yield were determined. High rate applied mill mud and mill ash had the highest soil OM content for both years and soil OM did not significantly change between crops for all treatments except for high rate mill mud, which increased the second year (ratoon crop). Leaf nutrient levels for nitrogen (N), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) for all treatments both years were insufficient; nutrient levels for magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and silicon (Si) were within marginal to sufficient range for all treatments both years. All amendments produced significantly higher biomass and sucrose yields for plant cane and first ratoon crops compared to the control. Mill ash treatments produced the greatest increase in sucrose and biomass yields from plant cane to ratoon crops, which corresponded with an increase in potassium (K) in leaf tissue. However, mid and high rates of mix produced the highest sugarcane biomass and sucrose yields for the both the plant cane and ratoon crops.     

粉垄耕作提高土壤养分有效性并促进甘蔗维管组织发育和养分吸收

[目的]研究粉垄耕作对宿根蔗和新植蔗生长过程中土壤养分含量、甘蔗对养分吸收以及植株解剖形态的影响,为粉垄耕作技术推广提供理论依据.[方法]以桂糖42号为供试材料进行田间试验,以常规耕作为对照(CK,耕作深度25 cm),粉垄耕作(垂直旋深40 cm)为处理,甘蔗种植采用新植甘蔗和宿根两种方法.在甘蔗主要生育期,采集植株...     

Determining a critical nitrogen dilution curve for sugarcane

Adequate measurements of the nitrogen (N) concentration in the aboveground biomass of sugarcane throughout the growth cycle can be obtained using the critical N dilution curve (CNDC) concept, which provides an N‐nutrition index (NNI). The aim of this work was to determine the CNDC value for Brazilian sugarcane variety SP81‐3250, establish the critical concentration of N, and determine the NNI in the aboveground biomass throughout the cane plant and first ratoon crop cycles. The study was performed in three experimental areas located in São Paulo, Brazil, during the crop cycles of 2005/2006 (18‐month cane plant) and 2006/2007 (first ratoon). The plant cane crop was fertilized with treatments of 40, 80, or 120 kg N ha^–1 and a control treatment without N. After the plant cane harvest, rates of 0, 50, 100, or 150 kg N ha^–1 were applied to the control plot and the 120 kg N ha^–1–treatment plot in a split‐plot experimental design with four repetitions. Throughout both sugarcane cycles, measurements of aboveground biomass were used to determine the dry‐mass (DM) production and N concentration for each treatment. CNDC varied between the growth cycles, with a higher N concentration observed in the initial stages of the first ratoon and a lower N dilution observed throughout the plant cane cycle. The NNI value indicated excessive N storage in the initial stages and limiting concentrations at the end of the growth cycle. CNDC and NNI allow for the identification of the N‐nutrition variation rate and the period in which the nutrient concentration limits the production of aboveground biomass. The equations for the critical N (Ncr) level obtained in this study for plant cane (Ncr = 19.0 DM^–0.369) and ratoons (Ncr = 20.3 DM^–0.469) can potentially be used as N‐nutritional diagnostic parameters for sugarcane N nutrition.     

Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth,Yield, and Juice Quality and Residual Effects on Ratoon Crops of Sugarcane

ABSTRACT

Field experiments were carried out for three consecutive years (2003–2006) at Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute farm soil on plant (first crop after planting) and subsequent two ratoon crops of sugarcane. The main objectives of the study were to assess the direct and residual effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth, yield, and juice quality of plant and ratoon crops. The plant crop consisted of four treatments. After harvesting of plant crop to evaluate the residual effects on ratoon crop the plots were subdivided except the control plot. Thus, there were seven treatments in the ratoon crop. Application of recommended fertilizer [nitrogen (N₁₅₀), phosphorus (P₅₂), potassium (K₉₀), sulfur (S₃₅), and zinc (Zn₃) kg ha^{? 1}] singly or 25% less of it either with press mud or farmyard manure (FYM) at 15 t ha^{? 1} produced statistically identical yield ranged from 67.5 to 69.0 t ha^{? 1} in plant crop. In the ratoon experiment when the recommended fertilizer was applied alone or 25% less of its either with press mud or FYM at 15 or even 7.5 t ha^{? 1} again produced better yield; it ranged from 64.8 to 69.2 in first ratoon and 68.2 to 76.5 t ha^{? 1} in second ratoon crops. Results showed that N, P, K, and S content in leaf progressively decreased in ratoon crops over plant crop. Juice quality parameters viz. brix, pol, and purity % remained unchanged both in plant and ratoon crops. Furthermore, organic carbon (C), available N, P, K, and S were higher in post harvest soils that received inorganic fertilizer in combination with organic manure than control and inorganic fertilizer treated soil. It may be concluded that the application of 25% less of recommended fertilizer (N₁₁₂, P₄₀, K₆₈, S₂₆, and Zn_2.2.5 kg ha^{? 1}) either with press mud or FYM at 15 t ha^{? 1} was adequate for optimum yield of plant crop. Results also suggest that additional N (50% extra dosage) keeping all other fertilizers at the same level like plant crop i.e. N₁₆₈, P₄₀, K₆₈, S₂₆, and Zn_2.25 kg ha^{? 1} either with press mud or FYM at 7.5 t ha^{? 1} may be recommended for subsequent ratoon crops to obtain good yield without deterioration in soil fertility.     

Potential influence of sugarcane cultivation on estuarine water quality of Louisiana's gulf coast

Sugarcane is cultivated on some 170000 ha of land in south central and southwestern Louisiana. This acreage drains into bayous and rivers that empty into Louisiana's coastal bays and estuaries. For a number of years the state's Department of Agriculture and Forestry and Department of Environmental Quality have collected water quality data from this sugarcane area. Study of these data shows that approximately one in five detections of atrazine is above the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water. Currently there is no U.S. atrazine standard for protection of aquatic life. February and October detections of this herbicide are probably due to sugarcane cultivation. Nitrate levels have remained below the MCL for drinking water, but nitrate and phosphorus concentrations may pose a potential for eutrophication problems. The contribution of sugarcane production to the nutrient status of Louisiana's coastal water bodies is difficult to assess because there are other sources of nutrients in the area and native soil phosphorus levels are high. Cultural practices such as subsurface drains, open drainage ditches, and postharvest residue management have potential through enhancement of soil infiltration for decreasing sugarcane's contribution to water quality problems in southern and coastal Louisiana. A new field project is being installed at the Louisiana State University Agricultural Experiment Station's Sugarcane Research Station at St. Gabriel to assess the water quality benefits of these practices with respect to sugarcane cultivation.     

Effect of Long-Term Sugarcane (Saccharum Spp.) Cultivation on Chemical and Physical Properties of Soils in Belize

The sugarcane industry in Belize is one of the main economic drivers in the country and is therefore of crucial social and environmental importance. This study evaluated the degree of sustainability of commercial sugarcane production in Northern Belize by determining soil parameters (physical and chemical) in three soil layers (0–15, 15–30 and 30–50 cm) and crop profitability relative to years of sugarcane cultivation (4–25 years since land conversion). The parameters evaluated were organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), cation exchange capacity (CEC), available phosphorus (P), potassium (K), pH, dry bulk density (DBD), porosity (?), and water-filled pore space (WFPS). Field interviews were conducted to document management practices, agricultural inputs, production costs, and yield. The results showed that OM and TN in all soil layers studied and CEC in the 30–50 cm layer decreased, and were negatively correlated, with years of sugarcane cultivation. This indicates that prolonged sugarcane cropping has detrimental effects on soil fertility. There was no clear pattern with years under sugarcane cultivation for P, pH, DBD, and K. Yield levels were maintained by intensification of cultivation, e.g. high inputs and regular replanting, providing short-term benefits at the expense of deterioration of soil fertility. The benefit to cost (B:C) ratio of sugarcane production in Northern Belize was marginal for American Sugar Refinery/Belize Sugar Industries (ASR/BSI), representative of intensive agriculture; and not profitable for small-scale farmers, 1.0 and 0.63 for plantation establishment and 1.2 and 1.0 average for the following six years of ratoon, respectively.     

A short review on sugarcane: its domestication,molecular manipulations and future perspectives

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a special crop plant that underwent anthropogenic evolution from a wild grass species to an important food, fodder, and energy crop. Unlike any other grass species which were selected for their kernels, sugarcane was selected for its high stem sucrose accumulation. Flowering in sugarcane is not favored since flowering diverts the stored sugar resources for the reproductive and developmental energy needs. Cultivars are vegetatively propagated and sugarcane breeding is still essentially focused on conventional methods, since the knowledge of sugarcane genetics has lagged that of other major crops. Cultivar improvement has been extremely challenging due to its polyploidy and aneuploidy nature derived from a few interspecific hybridizations between Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum spontaneum, revealing the coexistence of two distinct genome organization modes in the modern variety. Alongside implementation of modern agricultural techniques, generation of hybrid clones, transgenics and genome edited events will help to meet the ever-growing bioenergy needs. Additionally, there are two common biotechnological approaches to improve plant stress tolerance, which includes marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genetic transformation. During the past two decades, the use of molecular approaches has contributed greatly to a better understanding of the genetic and biochemical basis of plant stress-tolerance and in some cases, it led to the development of plants with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress. Hence, this review mainly intends on the events that shaped the sugarcane as what it is now and what challenges ahead and measures taken to further improve its yield, production and maximize utilization to beat the growing demands.

     

Deep Tillage,Soil Moisture Regime,and Optimizing N Nutrition for Sustaining Soil Health and Sugarcane Yield in Subtropical India

A field experiment was conducted at ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, with three tillage practices (T₁: Control- two times ploughing with harrow and cultivator, each followed by planking before sugarcane planting; T₂: Deep tillage with disc plough (depth 25–30 cm) before planting followed by harrowing, cultivator, and planking; and T₃: Subsoiling at 45–50 cm and deep tillage with disc plough/moldboard plough (depth 25–30 cm) followed by harrowing, cultivator, and planking before planting, two soil moisture regimes (M₁: 0.5 irrigation water (IW)/cumulative pan evaporation (?CPE) ratio and M₂: 0.75 IW/CPE ratio) at 7.5 cm depth of IW, and four N levels (N₁- 0, N₂- 75, N₃- 150, and N₄-225 kg N ha^?1) in sugarcane plant crop. Deep tillage and subsoiling increased porosity and reduced bulk density in surface/subsurface soil. Further, these physical changes also improved soil biological and chemical properties responsible for higher crop growth and yield. Deep tillage and subsoiling reduced the compaction by 6.12% in 0–15 cm depth in sugarcane plant crop at maximum tillering stage. The highest N uptake (158.5 kg ha^?1) was analyzed with deep tillage and subsoiling compared to all other tillage practices. Maintaining suboptimal moisture regime with deep tillage and subsoiling showed the highest IW use efficiency (157.16 kg cane kg^?1 N applied). Mean soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) in ratoon crop was higher compared to plant crop. During initial tillering stage, ratoon crop showed higher SMBC with application of deep tillage and subsoiling (1209 mg CO₂-C g^?1 soil day^?1) at 0–15 cm depth and 1082.9 mg CO₂-C g^?1 soil day^?1 at 15–30 cm depth. Thus, it could be concluded that besides improving sugarcane yield, soil health could be sustained by adopting subsoiling (45–50 cm depth) and deep tillage (20–25 cm depth), with soil moisture regime of 0.75 IW/CPE and application of 150 kg N ha^?1 in sugarcane (plant crop).     

Identification of nutritional and environmental factors affecting sugarcane production in barbados

Abstract

Sugarcane production in Barbados has declined since the 1950s. Plant nutrition and fertilization deficiencies are generally believed to negatively influence yields in Barbados. The objective of this study was to identify nutritional and environmental factors related to sugarcane yields. Leaf analyses, respective crop yields, and other data were collected from the Barbados Sugar Industry Ltd. during the period 1985–1990. The database was constructed from 2,853 site observations, consisting of crop cane yield (Mt/ha), soil grouping, ecological grouping, growing elevation, and leaf tissue analysis [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K)]. Simple mean separation and tree‐based regression were used to identify nutritional and environmental factors associated with sugarcane yields. Twenty‐three environments were delineated by tree‐based regression, in which plant nutrient deficiencies (i.e., yield limiting) were identified. One environment described N‐deficient conditions, four environments described P‐deficient conditions, and five environments described K‐deficient conditions. Different critical leaf nutrient concentrations were related to yields. A single nutrient norm under different environments may be misleading. If current fertilizer recommendations are adhered to by growers in Barbados, attention to additional fertilization should be given only under these environments.     

考虑倒伏与粮仓容积的再生稻头季机收路径规划

为提升机具作业效率和质量、减少土壤碾压等,该研究提出一种同时考虑作物倒伏状态、碾压面积和收获机粮仓容积的路径规划算法（ harvester grain bin capacitated arc routing problem,HGBCARP）。该算法由作业信息处理模块和作业路径规划模块组成,作业信息处理模块将农田边界、卸粮点位置、作物倒伏方向及面积、位置等信息转化成可处理的数据形式并传输给路径规划模块,然后由路径规划模块进行作业行方向划分、作业行遍历顺序寻优、转弯方式生成、碾压面积计算等,最终得到最优路径规划结果。采用改进遗传算法,分别以3种再生稻收获机、2种传统水稻收获机和3种不同田块为对象,以行驶路径长度、碾压面积、收获粮食量为评价指标,采用回转式收获路径和HGBCARP式收获路径规划开展对比试验。结果表明,HGBCARP式比回转式收获路径碾压面积减少11.79%～27.20%,可使倒伏的机收头季稻增收1.64%～1.95%;同时在3种不同田块条件下进行仿真试验,HGBCARP式比回转式收获路径可使碾压面积减少7.25%～20.09%。使用电动无人履带式底盘对不同收获路径进行田间模拟收获试验,HGBCARP式收获路径与传统牛耕往复式及回转式收获路径相比,碾压面积减少约11.21%～28.03%,在路径长度减少约6.81%～23.46%,验证了HGBCARP式路径规划方法的有效性,研究结果可为智能化作业路径规划研究提供参考。     

基于多时相环境星数据的甘蔗收割过程遥感监测

广西是中国最大的蔗糖产地,种蔗面积和蔗糖产量均占全国的约60%.及时、准确地监测广西甘蔗种植和收割信息,对于甘蔗生产具有重要的意义.该文采用多时相HJ-1 A、B星CCD图像开展广西扶绥县甘蔗种植和收割信息提取及面积估算示范研究.选取从2009年11月5日到2010年2月19日共四个时相CCD图像,逐时相提取甘蔗信息,...     

四价抗病虫除草剂RNAi植物表达载体构建与转化甘蔗研究

甘蔗是重要的能源作物和糖料作物,面临病虫害日益严重问题。由于甘蔗遗传背景非常复杂,且缺乏必要种质,难以通过杂交培育抗病虫、除草剂聚合品种。基因工程技术提供了新方法。本研究利用BLAST比对获得甘蔗花叶病毒ScMV-CP基因和黄叶病毒ScYLV-CP基因的保守序列作为干扰序列,通过设计内切酶位点、生物合成和连接,获得全长687 bp的两个保守序列融合片段（MYCP）。并将其正向和反向插入中间载体pHANNIBAL上,形成双价病毒干扰结构。再通过在pHANNIBAL上添加SmaⅠ内切酶位点,将双价病毒干扰结构表达框和Cry1AC基因表达框结合;利用NotⅠ酶切,回收双价病毒干扰结构和Cry1AC基因表达框片段,连接到添加Bar基因表达框的表达载体pART27-Z上,构建了抗病虫及除草剂四价植物表达载体（pART27-MYCP-Cry1AC）。采用基因枪法将构建好的四价植物表达载体转入甘蔗品种FN15的胚性愈伤组织中,通过PPT（草丁膦）筛选获得了抗性再生甘蔗植株,经过PCR、定量以及Bt蛋白试纸检测,获得同时整合四种目的基因并表达的四价转基因甘蔗植株,为培育多抗甘蔗新品种提供了材料。     

我国南方甘蔗病毒种类初步鉴定

依据G enB ank中已报道的甘蔗主要病毒基因组序列设计PCR引物,以采自我国广东、广西、云南、海南等地的甘蔗叶组织总RNA或总DNA抽提物为模板,采用一步法RT-PCR及PCR扩增,对预期扩增产物克隆、测序,根据序列同一性判断测定样品是否含有预期病毒,结果表明,我国南方甘蔗已受到甘蔗花叶病毒(Sugarcane m osa ic v irus,SCM V)、高粱花叶病毒(Sorghum m osa ic v irus,S rM V)、甘蔗黄叶病毒(Sugarcane ye llow leaf v irus,SCYLV)及甘蔗杆状病毒(Sugarcane B ac illiform V irus,SCBV)的侵染,未发现甘蔗线条花叶病毒(Sugarcane streak m osa ic v irus,SCSM V)及甘蔗线条病毒(Sugarcane streak v irus,SSV)。     

Phosphate Fertilizers for Sugarcane Used at Pre-Planting (Phosphorus Fertilizer Application)

Phosphate applications are still rare in sugarcane cultivation and can be done with phosphorus fertilizers of residual over. This study aims to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilization before sugarcane planting and its effect on sugarcane yield. The study was carried out over three crop cycles at the Jalles Machado sugar-mill in Goianésia, GO, Brazil. The treatments consisted of five different phosphorus sources (soluble and insoluble) applied at a rate of 300 kg ha^?1 phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅). The phosphorus fertilizers used were: triple superphosphate, mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), Arad rock phosphate, Itafós rock phosphate, and magnesium term phosphate. The effects of these fertilizers were evaluated by plant height (ground to Top Visible Dewlap; TVD), leaf phosphorus content, agronomic efficiency, and sugarcane yield from cane-plants, first ratoon, and second ratoon. Magnesium term phosphate and triple superphosphate resulted in greater plant-cane height. Leaf phosphorus concentrations were highest with applications of MAP, magnesium term phosphate, and triple superphosphate. Phosphate applications did not affect sugarcane plant yield, but did increase ratoon yield. In general, the residual effect of insoluble phosphate increased over the years. The agronomic efficiency (AE) of phosphate was (in descending order): triple superphosphate (100%), term phosphate (89%), MAP (80%), Itafós rock phosphate (67%), and Arad rock phosphate (60%).     

Boundary Lines Used to Determine Sugarcane Production Limits at Leaf Nutrient Concentrations Less than Optimum

Foliar nutrient analysis is a useful diagnostic tool to complement soil testing as a best‐management practice with sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). This study was conducted to determine sugarcane production limits at leaf nutrient concentrations less than optimum. Eight Florida sugarcane growers participated in a survey of leaf nutrient values in 2004, 2005, and 2006. A total of 412 leaf samples were collected from individual commercial sugarcane fields, from which there were 389 harvest data/leaf data combinations. Fields were selected to be representative of plant cane, first ratoon, and second ratoon crops; mineral and organic soils of the area; and major commercial sugarcane cultivars. Leaf silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) concentrations had the strongest correlations with tons sugarcane ha^?1 on organic soils, and leaf nitrogen (N), Mg, and Si concentrations had the strongest correlations with tons sugarcane ha^?1 on mineral soils. Boundary lines were used to define practical limits of tons sugarcane ha^?1 for leaf nutrient concentrations less than optimum. A table was developed that provides approximate leaf concentrations of nine nutrients at which 10 and 25% losses in relative tons sugarcane ha^?1 were estimated. Boundary‐line analysis indicated that sugarcane production was most limited nutritionally in survey fields by insufficient Mg, iron, N, and Si on mineral soils and by insufficient Si and Mn on organic soils.     

甘蔗收获机刀盘轴向振动对甘蔗宿根切割质量的影响

为了研究甘蔗收获机刀盘轴向振动对甘蔗宿根切割质量的影响,该文根据刀盘切割和传输甘蔗时的工作状况,在试验和理论分析的基础上,设计了刀盘轴向振动及其对宿根切割质量影响的系列相关试验,即通过在切割试验平台刀盘上安装不平衡质量块的方式实现刀盘轴向的可控振动,以模拟刀盘在切割和传输甘蔗过程中产生的轴向振动工况;并在刀盘轴向振动状态下,通过进行一系列的单因素试验和正交试验,探讨了不平衡质量大小、刀盘转速、进给量等因素对甘蔗宿根切割质量的影响规律。经过方差分析和相关性分析,结果表明:1)可通过安装不平衡质量的方法实现刀盘轴向的可控振动;2)刀盘的轴向振动振幅与甘蔗宿根切割质量之间具有较强的正相关性,其线性相关系数为0.87;3)在正交试验条件下,不平衡质量对刀盘轴向振幅及宿根切割质量在显著水平0.05下均具有显著影响,各试验因素对甘蔗宿根切割质量影响的大小排序为刀盘的不平衡质量、甘蔗输送速度、刀盘转速。该文初步揭示了刀盘轴向振动对甘蔗宿根切割质量具有显著影响的规律,为深入研究复杂激励下刀盘振动对甘蔗宿根破头的影响机理、探索基于动态特性的甘蔗收获机设计方法、开发适于丘陵地区的甘蔗收获机械提供了参考。     

SUGARCANE NUTRITIONAL DIAGNOSIS WITH DRIS NORMS ESTABLISHED IN BRAZIL,SOUTH AFRICA,AND THE UNITED STATES

ABSTRACT

The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) approach evaluates plant nutritional status. The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System is based on a comparison of crop nutrient ratios with optimum values from a high-yielding group (DRIS norms). Several researchers affirm that once DRIS norms based on foliar composition have been developed for a given crop, they are universal and applicable to that particular crop grown at any place and at any stage of its development. But different diagnoses with DRIS norms established for the same crop but under different growth conditions have been found. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the confidence intervals of three DRIS norms of sugarcane crop, (ii) to compare sugarcane nutritional diagnosis with three DRIS norms, and (iii) to evaluate the universal use of DRIS norms in sugarcane crop. Sugarcane DRIS norms were tested. Means for nitrogen (N)/phosphorus (P), N/calcium (Ca), N/copper (Cu), manganese (Mn)/N, N/zinc (Zn), Ca/P, Cu/P, Mn/P, Zn/P, potassium (K)/Ca, K/Cu, Mn/K, Zn/K, Mn/Ca, Zn/Ca, Cu/magnesium (Mg), Mn/Mg, Zn/Mg, Mn/Cu, Zn/Cu, and Zn/Mn of these three DRIS norms were significantly different (?p<0.05). The sugarcane nutritional diagnosis derived from norms published in the literature was different. These three DRIS norms were not universally applicable to the sugarcane crop. Therefore, in the absence of DRIS norms locally calibrated, norms developed under one set of conditions only should be applied to another if the nutrient concentrations of high-yielding plants from these different set of conditions are similar.     

MODIS与ETM数据在甘蔗长势遥感监测中的应用

广西是主要糖业生产基地之一,甘蔗的长势和产量作为一种基础信息,对于政府决策、糖业企业经营规模和甘蔗种植户田间管理等方面都具有非常重要的参考价值。本文从遥感监测入手,利用MODIS资料,采用归一化植被指数的方法监测甘蔗长势。同时利用ETM资料的高空间分辨率的优势,采用监督分类方法提取相关的地表特征,排除监测区内非甘蔗用地信息的干扰。ETM和MODIS资料的结合提高了甘蔗长势监测的精度,可为甘蔗估产奠定基础。     

面向对象的多时相HJ星影像甘蔗识别方法

广西甘蔗种植区域离散,因混杂于多种农作物中,其光谱易受其他作物的影响,故利用单一时相多光谱遥感影像提取甘蔗有一定的困难。针对这一难题,该文首先提出甘蔗最佳识别时段,基于多时相HJ-1A/1B星CCD影像,以广西中部贵港市三区为研究区,通过面向对象分类软件eCognition,利用甘蔗在不同时相影像上的光谱特征:光谱均值、归一化植被指数NDVI和由灰度共生矩阵导出的局部一致性指数GLCM homogeneity,建立决策树逻辑的分类规则集提取甘蔗种植区。结果表明该方法能较精确地进行甘蔗识别,最大程度消除其他干扰因素影响,分类精度为91.3%,kappa系数为0.83,同时也证实了HJ卫星CCD多光谱遥感数据应用于甘蔗识别的有效性。