优质高产香型杂交水稻新香优96的选育与应用

新香优96是湖北省荆州市种子总公司用优质香型不育系新香A与自育优质恢复系R96配组育成的中熟香型杂交晚稻新组合.该组合具有米质优、产量高、耐肥耐寒、抗倒伏、熟期适宜、适应性广等特点.2002年2月通过湖北省农作物品种审定.1998-2002年在荆州市累计示范种植6 000 hm2以上.     

中熟香型杂交晚籼新组合新香优102

新香优102是湖南亚华种业科学研究院用优质香型不育系新香A作母本,与自选优良恢复系华恢102配组育成的香型中熟杂交晚稻新组合,具有生育期适中、产量较高、稳产性好、米质较优、适应性广等特点,2006年2月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。介绍了其选育过程、特征特性、栽培及制种技术要点。     

两系杂交中稻广两优5号在潜江市的种植表现及机械化栽培技术

两系优质香型杂交中稻新组合广两优5号(鄂审稻2013005)于2011—2013年连续3 a在湖北省潜江市种植,表现中熟、株型松紧适中、适应性广、高产稳产、抗病抗倒力强、稻米优质有香味。总结了其机械化栽培技术。     

应用香型分子标记辅助选育优质香稻新品种佳福香占

优质香米因其品质好、有香味、市场价格高而备受消费者重视.佳福香占是厦门大学生命科学学院用佳辐占//象牙香占/R207///佳辐占的杂交组合,应用香型分子标记辅助选择结合系谱法选育成的晚稻中熟长粒形优质抗病香型常规籼稻新品种,品质达部颁一等优质食用稻品种品质标准,其中千粒重约29 g,粒长7.7 mm,长宽比3.9,20...     

优质杂交香稻新品种泸香优香占的选育与应用

泸香优香占是福建省农业科学院水稻研究所以引进的优质香型常规稻九香粘为父本,四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所育成的三系不育系泸香618A为母本配制而成的全香型杂交稻新品种,具有株型好、分蘖力强、熟期转色佳、米质优、有香味、米饭适口性好等特点,于2022年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定,适宜在福建省稻瘟病轻发地区作晚稻种植。介绍了泸香优香占的选育过程、特征特性及栽培制种技术要点。     

优质杂交香稻川香优2号及高产栽培技术

川香优2号是四川华丰种业有限责任公司和四川省农科院作物研究所用自育香型优质不育系川香29A和自育优质强恢复系成恢177组配而成的优质杂交香稻新组合。该品种于2002年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定,2003年通过广西区和全国农作物品种审定委员会审定,同年获国家植物新品种权保护     

糯两优561在福建省试种表现及栽培制种技术

糯两优561是湖北中香农业科技股份有限公司用自育的香型糯稻不育系糯56S与香型糯稻恢复系香糯1号配组而成的全香型两系优质杂交中籼糯稻新品种。2015年宁德市农科所从湖北中香农业科技股份有限公司引进试验试种,表现群体整齐,抗倒、抗衰性较强,适应性,稳产性和丰产性较好,熟期转色好,稻米品质优,具有香味等特点。介绍了糯两优561品种的特征特性,并提出了栽培和制种技术要点。     

香型杂交水稻绵香5优9937高产制种技术

绵香5优9937是绵阳市农科所用自育香型优质不育系绵香5A与自育恢复系绵恢9937配组育成的迟熟香型杂交中籼稻新组合，具有高产稳产、米质优、抗逆性较强等特点，2005年通过重庆市农作物品种审定委员会审定。介绍了绵香5优9937的亲本特征特性，总结了其高产制种技术措施。     

高产优质香型杂交水稻新组合三香优612的选育与应用

三香优612是衡阳市农业科学研究所用本所选育的优质香型不育系三香A作母本与自育的恢复系yo612配组而成的一季中稻香型杂交晚籼新组合。该组合具有米质优,食味佳,产量高,适应性广,后期耐寒性强,熟期适当,制种产量高等特点。两年湖南省一季中稻区试中,平均产量7.83 t/hm2,比对照增产4.14%。介绍了三香优612的选育经过、特征特性、栽培和制种技术要点。     

香型中熟杂交晚籼新组合新香优77

香型中熟杂交晚籼新组合新香优７７Ｘｉｎｇｘｉａｎｇｙｏｕ７７，ａｑｕａｓｉ－ａｒｏｍａｔｉｃｉｎｄｉｃａｌａｔｅｈｙｂｒｉｄｒｉｃｅｏｆｍｅｄｉｕｍｍａｔｕｒｉｔｙ阳和华周坤炉徐秋生（湖南杂交水稻研究中心４１０１２５）新香优７７是湖南杂交水稻研究中心...     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

芸薹属多倍体与二倍体作物 花柱及角果的发育差异

通过比较分析芸薹属多倍体复合种与其祖先二倍体基本种在花柱、柱头大小、角果长度、宽度、种子直径 及种子干重变化上的异同,发现多倍体复合种在这些发育性状上表现出处于两个祖先二倍体亲本之间,或只偏向 于其中一个祖先亲本。同一个多倍体品种在不同发育性状上具有不同的表现,即在某一发育性状上偏向于其祖先 亲本之一,而在另一发育性状上偏向其另一祖先亲本。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

云南咖啡主要病虫害及防治调查研究

对云南保山、德宏、普洱等地咖啡病虫害开展调查研究,结果表明：咖啡锈病(Hemileia vastatrix Berk et Br.)、炭疽病(Colletotrichum coffeanum Noack)、褐斑病(Cercospora coffeicola Berk. et Cooke)、幼苗立枯病(Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.)、旋皮天牛(Acalolepta cervina Hope)、灭字虎天牛(Xylo     

Effects of crop density and tillage system on grain yield and N uptake from soil and atmosphere of sole and intercropped pea and oat

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) were grown as sole and mixed crops in various densities under two different tillage systems on a loess soil near Göttingen/Germany in a 2-year field experiment (2002/2003). In the conventional tillage system a mouldboard plough (CT) was used and in the minimum tillage system a rotary harrow (MT) was employed. The effect of crop density and tillage system on the grain dry matter and grain N yields, N₂ fixation and soil N uptake were determined to address the following questions: (i) which mixture compositions exhibit the highest grain yields compared to the sole crops, (ii) which mixture compositions also fix a high level of N₂ and leave low levels of residual inorganic soil N after harvest, and (iii) whether the intercrop advantage is influenced by the tillage system. For (i) the result in 2002 showed that the highest grain yields of both sole cropped pea and oat and intercropped pea and oat were achieved at the highest densities. In 2003, when the inorganic soil N content was higher and weather conditions were warmer and drier, grain yields were significantly higher than in 2002, but sole as well as intercropped pea and oat gave their highest grain yields at lower densities. For both years and tillage systems, the highest intercrop advantages were achieved in mixtures with densities above the optimal sole crop densities. The result for (ii) was that a distinctly higher proportion of nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) by intercropped pea than by sole cropped pea. However, the uptake of soil N by intercropped pea and oat was not reduced in comparison with that of sole cropped oat as the decrease in the uptake of N from the soil by oat at lower oat densities in the mixture was compensated for by the soil N uptake of pea. Additionally, the N_min-N content of the soil following the mixtures and sole cropped oat did not differ, especially in the deeper soil layers because oat in mixture was forced to take up more soil N from deeper layers. Therefore, the risk of soil N losses through leaching after mixtures was lower compared to sole cropped pea. The tillage system (iii) had no significant influence on grain yield and soil N uptake, but N₂ fixation and the competitive ability of intercropped pea were higher under CT than with MT. An additional result was that intercropping led to a significantly increased grain N content of both pea and oat compared to the sole crops. The increase in grain N content from sole to intercrop was from 3.30 to 3.42% for pea and from 1.73 to 1.96% for oat as a mean for both years and tillage systems. The present study confirms that growing pea and oat as intercrops highlights potential economic and environmental benefits which still need to be understood in more detail in order to exploit intercropping to a greater extent.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。