盐胁迫对黄瓜不同耐盐品种叶绿素含量和叶绿体超微结构的影响

用浓度为225 mmol·L^-1的NaCl溶液对黄瓜不同耐盐品种进行处理,研究NaCl胁迫对黄瓜不同耐盐品种叶绿素含量及叶绿体超微结构的影响。结果表明,在一定盐浓度下,耐盐品种在盐胁迫初期变化不明显,随着盐胁迫时间的延长,耐盐品种和盐敏感品种叶绿素含量降低显著,但耐盐品种比盐敏感品种降低幅度小;同时盐胁迫对叶绿体的膜系统产生伤害,叶绿体老化加快,片层逐渐解体,外形轮廓发生变化,内部片层排列方向发生改变,并发生轻微膨胀,基粒片层数目减少,内部结构趋向简单,以至瓦解,耐盐品种的变化程度小于盐敏感品种。     

盐胁迫对黄瓜不同耐盐品种膜脂过氧化及脯氨酸含量的影响

 用浓度为225mmol·L-1的NaCl溶液对黄瓜不同耐盐品种进行处理,研究NaCl胁迫对黄瓜不同耐盐品种叶片膜脂过氧化及脯氨酸含量的影响。结果初步表明,在一定盐浓度下,随着处理天数的延长,耐盐品种和盐敏感品种的膜脂过氧化明显加剧,丙二醛含量和质膜透性明显升高并且差异显著,变化趋势稳定;而脯氨酸含量呈波动式变化,且变化趋势不稳定。因此,丙二醛含量和质膜透性可作为鉴定本试验黄瓜品种耐盐性的生理指标,脯氨酸含量则不宜作为鉴定本试验黄瓜品种耐盐性的生理指标。     

黄瓜耐盐胁迫遗传育种研究进展

盐胁迫是影响黄瓜生长发育的主要逆境因子之一.开展黄瓜耐盐胁迫研究,培育耐盐品种,对于提高黄瓜耐盐性和盐碱地的利用率具有重要意义.本文主要从黄瓜种质资源耐盐性评价,盐胁迫对黄瓜生长发育及生理的影响,黄瓜耐盐性遗传分析及相关基因挖掘,以及提高黄瓜耐盐性的主要途径等四个方面进行综述,着重阐述了近年来黄瓜耐盐胁迫育种的研究进展...     

盐胁迫对黄瓜根系活力、叶绿素含量的影响

采用营养液水培添加2.925 g/LNaCl,研究了盐胁迫处理对黄瓜幼苗根系活力和叶片叶绿素含量的影响.结果表明:随着盐胁迫处理时间的延长,黄瓜幼苗根系活力呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,叶绿素含量呈现下降的趋势;耐盐型品种长春密刺与盐敏感型品种津春2号相比,受盐胁迫的影响小.     

NaCl胁迫对枳椇各器官Na~+、K~+吸收的影响

以盆栽枳椇的1 a生实生苗为试材,分析了在不同的盐处理0、0.15%、0.3%、0.45%、0.6%下对其根、茎、叶的K+、Na+离子含量和Na+/K+的影响。结果表明:随着盐浓度的增加,植物叶片中Na+含量和Na+/K+明显升高,说明枳椇没有将Na+截留在根、茎中,而较多的运输到了叶片,使枳椇受害较重。     

盐胁迫对番茄幼苗叶片伤害度和K~+/Na~+比的影响

以加工番茄新番3号和里格尔87-5幼苗为试验材料,进行不同浓度的Na2SO4盐处理,研究盐胁迫对番茄幼苗叶片细胞膜伤害度蚄+、Na+含量的影响.结果表明:Na2SO4胁迫下,新番3号和里格尔87-5叶片细胞膜伤害度均随盐浓度增高而上升,但新番3号伤害程度的增加幅度比里格尔87-5更剧烈.叶片中K+/Na+比也有不同程度的下降趋势,100 mmol/L盐浓度下,与对照相比里格尔87-5的K+/Na+比减少为0.716,新番3号K+/Na+比减少为1.315,这说明新番3号比里格尔87-5对盐胁迫较敏感,容易受到伤害.     

NaCl胁迫对不同品种黄瓜种子萌发特性的影响

以5个黄瓜品种为试材,采用培养皿发芽法,研究了不同浓度NaCl溶液浸种对不同品种黄瓜种子萌发和胚根生长的影响。结果表明:200mM以下浓度NaCl胁迫对黄瓜种子萌发和胚根生长没有显著影响,200mM以上浓度NaCl胁迫则显著抑制了黄瓜的种子萌发和胚根生长,且随NaCl浓度提高,种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数显著降低,胚根长、胚根鲜重、一级侧根数也均显著下降;5个供试品种中,"津春4号"和"津优10号"特别是"津春4号"的种子萌发和胚根生长受NaCl胁迫的抑制程度较大,"津春2号"(改良)和"津优2号"受抑制程度较小,"津园3号"受抑制程度居于上述2类种子之间。     

NaCl胁迫对不同耐盐黄瓜品种生长及根区土壤酶活性的影响

在温室中采用槽式栽培方法,以耐盐黄瓜品种津春5号和盐敏感黄瓜品种津优1号为试材,用浓度为525 mg•kg-1的NaCl处理土壤,研究NaCl胁迫对不同耐盐黄瓜品种生长状况及根区土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明：NaCl胁迫下盐敏感品种津优1号的单株产量和全株干质量均显著低于耐盐品种津春5号|随着黄瓜生长,盐敏感品种津优1号定植后50 d的叶面积和定植后40 d的土壤脱氢酶活性均显著低于耐盐品种津春5号|NaCl胁迫条件下,定植后30 d、40 d耐盐品种津春5号土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性较盐敏感品种津优1号受抑制程度轻,受盐害程度低,但差异未达到显著水平。     

盐胁迫对番茄不同砧木生长的影响

以"大维番茄根砧"、"坂砧一号"、"久留大佐"、"春树"4种番茄砧木为试材,研究了不同浓度盐胁迫处理对其耐盐性的影响。结果表明:4个砧木品种的耐盐性强弱为"大维番茄根砧">"春树">"坂砧一号">"久留大佐"。     

外源水杨酸对黄瓜幼苗盐胁迫伤害的影响

利用营养液培养方法研究了外源SA对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量、丙二醛及脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明:外源SA能够显著提高盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗的干鲜重、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,显著减少丙二醛和脯氨酸的积累,从而减轻盐胁迫伤害,促进黄瓜植株生长。     

黄瓜耐热材料筛选

为了获得黄瓜耐热性材料,以所收集的生态型不同的黄瓜品种为试材,经田间自然高温幼苗期与成株期耐热性筛选,结合人工高温幼苗耐热性筛选,结果获得耐热黄瓜材料6个,热敏黄瓜材料2个,丰富了黄瓜耐热性与热害研究的材料,有助于解决黄瓜生产中的热害问题。     

三种苹果属植物幼苗拒Na2+机理的研究

 以苹果属耐盐性不同的山定子、小金海棠和珠眉海棠的幼苗为试材，通过拒Na²⁺ 能力的测定确定了盐敏感种的整体拒Na²⁺ 能力为65%左右，中等耐盐种的整体拒Na²⁺ 能力为80%左右，耐盐种的整体拒Na 能力为90%左右，根部和茎基部的拒Na 能力是苹果属植物幼苗整体拒Na²⁺ 能力的主要部分，耐盐种根部和茎基部的拒Na²⁺ 能力明显大于盐敏感种。耐盐种侧根、茎基木质部和老叶的Na²⁺累积效应明显，是主要的聚Na²⁺ 部位。耐盐种通过地上部Na²⁺ 的重新分配和再转运，使幼叶和成熟叶Na²⁺ 含量更低。     

Ameliorative effects of biological treatments on growth of squash plants under salt stress

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of selected biologicals on direct seeded and transplanted squash plant growth and mineral content under salinity stress. The study was conducted in pot experiments using a mixture of sandy loam soil:vermiculite (1:1, v:v) under controlled greenhouse conditions. Biologicals tested included AgBlend, SoilBuilder, Yield Shield, PlantShield, Inoculaid and Equity. Salinity treatments were established by adding 0, 50 and 100 mM of NaCl to a base complete nutrient solution (Hydro-Sol + Ca(NO₃)₂). Pots were irrigated with NaCl solutions and biological treatments were included in the water. Yield Shield was applied as a seed treatment. Salinity negatively affected growth of squash; however, biological treatments significantly increased fresh weight compared to non-treated plants that were challenged with salt stress. Furthermore, biological treatments tested increased the uptake of potassium compared to the non-treated control in both direct seeded and transplanted squash. Sodium concentration was not affected by biologicals in directed seeded squash except for SoilBuilder, Yield Shield and Equity at 100 mM, while AgBlend, SoilBuilder, Inoculaid and Equity decreased sodium uptake in transplants under salt stress. The most effective biologicals increased the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, which was positively correlated with plant growth. Alteration of mineral uptake may be one mechanism for the alleviation of salt stress. Based on the results of the experiment reported herein, the use of biological treatments may provide a means of facilitating plant growth under salt stress.     

Improving the fruit yield and quality of cucumber by grafting onto the salt tolerant rootstock under NaCl stress

To investigate the feasibility of using salt tolerant rootstock to increase fruit yield and quality of cucumber under NaCl stress, a greenhouse experiment was carried out to determine fruit yield, leaf relative water content, fruit quality, and mineral composition of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinchun No. 2), either self-grafted or grafted onto the commercial salt tolerant rootstock Figleaf Gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche) and Chaofeng Kangshengwang (Lagenaria siceraria Standl). Plants were grown in a substrate culture (peat:vermiculite:perlite = 1:1:1, v/v) and irrigated with half-strength Hoagland solutions containing 0, 30, or 60 mM NaCl. The results showed that salinity significantly reduced fruit yield of cucumber owing to a decrease both in mean fruit weight and fruit number. Rootstock had no significant effect on leaf relative water content. Plants grafted onto Figleaf Gourd and Chaofeng Kangshengwang had higher fruit number, marketable and total fruit yield than those of self-grafted plants under 0, 30, and 60 mM NaCl, which could be attributed to, at least in part, the higher K⁺ but lower Na⁺ and/or Cl⁻ contents in the leaves. Salinity improved fruit quality by increasing fruit dry matter, soluble sugar, and titratable acidity contents of all the plants, but had no significant effect on vitamin C content. In comparison to the self-grafted plants, plants grafted onto Figleaf Gourd and Chaofeng Kangshengwang had an overall improved fruit quality under NaCl stress owing to an increase in contents of soluble sugar, titratable acidity, and vitamin C, and a decrease in the percentage of non-marketable fruit and Na⁺ and/or Cl⁻ contents of fruits in comparison to the self-grafted plants, mainly under 60 mM NaCl. Overall, it is suggested that the use of salt tolerant rootstock could provide a useful tool to improve fruit yield and quality of cucumber under NaCl stress.     

NaCl胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响

采用无菌培养技术,在培养基中添加不同浓度NaCl（0、25、50、75、100mmol/L）处理6个黄瓜品种（格林丰达、中农203、中农14号、津研四号、津春4号和博杰1A）的幼苗,无菌培养10d后调查不同黄瓜品种不同NaCl浓度处理幼苗的下胚轴长度、鲜质量、干质量、相对含水量和盐害程度。结果表明,6个黄瓜品种幼苗对NaCl胁迫的耐受性存在差异,格林丰达和博杰1A的耐盐性较强,为耐盐性品种,津春4号和中农203耐盐性最低,为盐敏感型品种,津研四号和中农14号为中等耐盐性品种,此研究为盐碱地黄瓜栽培生产的品种选择提供了借鉴。     

热胁迫对耐热性不同黄瓜品种及其F_1代叶片膜透性和保护酶活性的影响

为了选育耐热黄瓜品种,以黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)耐热品种Poinsett97、热敏品种Boothbyls Blonde和它们的F1代为试验材料,研究黄瓜幼苗在28、38℃条件下,叶片中保护性酶类活性和膜透性的变化。结果表明:在38℃热胁迫下,耐热品种的相对电导率、MDA含量提高量明显低于热敏品种,而其保护酶SOD、POD活性和PRO含量的提高量明显高于热敏品种,CAT活性的降低量明显低于热敏品种。在F1代中,POD活性表现正向杂种优势外,其余均为负向优势。     

不同温度对黄瓜种子发芽的影响及耐热性比较

为了筛选出种子发芽耐热性强的黄瓜品种,将不同类型黄瓜品种的种子置于28、38和42℃条件下进行发芽试验,比较种子的发芽能力。结果表明:不同类型的黄瓜品种在不同的温度下发芽能力存在明显差异,其中西双版纳黄瓜、Poinsett97、北京截头种子发芽耐热能力明显强于HH1-8-57和二早子。