应用补硒缓释剂-硒弹丸给绵羊补硒试验的效果观察初报

给试验组羊每只投服10g硒弹丸1枚7个月（210d)后进行测试，其结果表明：试验组比对照组母羊的空怀率下降了42．6％；流产率下降了61．90％；产羔率提高了5．75％（P＜0．05）；羔羊死亡率降低了70．59％；仔畜繁殖成活率提高了10．48％（P＜0．01）。每只母羊增加经济效益5．6元。     

低硒地区绵羊补硒的研究

通过对绵羊食物链系统中微量元素分析和补硒效果观察表明，榆中县北部山区土壤和牧草Se含量分别为0．23mg/kg和0．03mg/kg，绵羊全血和被毛Se含量明显低于正常值。认为当地绵羊以营养不良为特征的疾病与硒缺乏有直接关系。     

埃拴血中硒含量的研究

用氢化物发生原子吸收法分析了绵羊和山羊全血中硒的含量，并与荧光法测硒进行了比较。结果表明，氢化物发生原子吸收法的最低检出量较荧光法低，精密度和准确度与荧光法接近，所测绵羊和山羊全血中硒含量分别为０．０９０±０．０４６和０．０７３±０．０３１μｇ／ｍｌ。     

猪的补硒与硒中毒

硒缺乏症是由于饲料中硒含量不足所引起的营养代谢障碍综合症。主要以骨骼、心肌及肝脏变性为基本特征。猪主要病型有仔猪白肌病、仔猪肝坏死和桑葚心等。一年四季都可发生，以仔猪发病为多，多见于冬末春初。现就猪缺硒和硒中毒及预防措施报道如下。     

螺田乡推广牲畜补铁补硒的效果

螺田乡是吉水县的一个边缘山区乡，全乡１１个村，１１３个村小组，２１１６户农户，其中牲畜饲养农户１８６０户。年饲养生猪８０００余头，其中母猪４６０头，出栏仔猪６５００余头；耕牛存栏２０８４头，其中母牛１８５头，年产小牛１３８头。近年来，我站根据省、市、县业务部门的指导和工作布置，在全乡农户中推广牲畜补铁补硒。１９９８年，全乡推广江西民营企业集团公司民星兽药厂生产的补铁王（葡聚糖铁硒注射液）２０００余瓶（１０mL／瓶），１９９９年推广补铁王２９４０瓶，２０００年推广３０６０瓶，２００１年已完成２００…     

羊微量元素硒营养的研究进展

世界范围内大多数地区土壤中硒的质量浓度都较低,绵羊和山羊羔羊白肌病在世界各地均有发生,给养羊生产者带来不少的损失,因此,羊的硒营养研究成为一个世界性的研究课题。     

从三角城种羊场畜牧业生产谈绵羊补硒的重要性

青海省三角城种羊场是青海细毛羊的原种场,同时还肩负着新疆细毛羊、茨盖羊的纯种繁育任务,饲养着各类种羊近4万只。该场畜牧业生产从1971年以来一直保持稳定趋势,1985—1989五年统计,绵羊4月龄繁殖成活率为80.64％,总增率为38.16％,出栏率为35.03％,商品率为27.60％,成幼畜损亡率为3.37％,每年向省内外提供种羊1万余只,畜牧业年产值280多万元,每百亩草场产值700多元。1989年该场荣获青海省政府颁发的畜牧业丰收竞赛一等奖。硒(Se)是一种动物必需的微量元素。畜禽硒缺乏已成为世界性畜牧业中的重要问题之一。根据有关资料表明,我省为严重缺硒地区,严重程度在全国居第4位。据省牧     

冬季绵羊补饲法

寒冷的冬季,为了确保绵羊安全越冬,增膘复壮,要在冬季给羊定期补饲。 首先要选准补饲的时间。不能等待羊已经瘦弱了才开始补草补料,一般在枯草季节之后的十一月下旬或十二月上旬开始。给羊只补一些干草,随着牧草枯干、逐渐增加补饲量。补饲要延续到第二     

丙硫苯咪唑瘤胃控释剂的含量测定及稳定性观察

用紫外分光光度法测定丙硫苯咪唑瘤胃控释剂的含量，方法简便，准确。其平均回收率为１００．０８％，ＣＶ为０．４％（ｎ＝６）。以经典恒温加速实验法进行了稳定性试验，结果表明，丙硫苯咪唑的热降解呈一级动力学过程，热化学反应的活化能为８３．１９ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ，２５℃降解的速度常数为６．４２３９×１０－５ｄ－１，半衰期为２９．５５年，预测出丙硫苯咪唑瘤胃控释剂的室温贮存有效期为４．５年，与室温留样观察结果一致。     

Comparative Disposition Kinetics of Albendazole in Sheep Following Oral and Intraruminal Administration

The pharmacokinetics of albendazole was studied in sheep following single oral and intraruminal administration at nematocidal dose rates. The disposition curves of its metabolites indicated increased uptake of the drug in sheep following intraruminal as compared to oral dosing (p<0.05). The increased bioavailability of benzimidazole anthelmintics given by the intraruminal route could be exploited for optimizing the use of anthelmintic for sustained parasite control in small ruminants.     

Efficacy of an oral hyaluronate and collagen supplement as a preventive treatment of elbow dysplasia

One hundred and five Labrador dogs were randomly divided into two groups to determine the number of animals that develop elbow dysplasia when treated with an oral supplement compared to untreated ones. Efficacy of the oral treatment was also evaluated once illness was diagnosed. The supplement (Hyaloral) contained hyaluronic acid, hydrolysed collagen, glucosamine, chondroitin sulphate, and gamma oryzanol. Clinical evaluation of the elbow joints was completed at months 3, 6, 12, and 20 by orthopaedic evaluations, radiography, serologic and blood analysis, and veterinarian evaluation of dysplasia symptoms. All side effects were recorded. In the control group, 33.3% of the dogs developed radiographic evidence of elbow dysplasia compared to 18.5% in the treated group. Symptoms of dysplasia at 12 months differed between the treated (12.5%) and control (61.5%) animals, and were significantly different at 20 months (p < 0.05). Differences in lameness along with movement and swelling of the elbows between groups were observed after 12 months. The treated group had improved significantly by the last visit (p < 0.05). No adverse side effects were reported. In conclusion, oral treatment with Hyaloral may have a potential cumulative action that provides protection against dysplasia and significantly improves symptoms of elbow dysplasia.     

Intraruminal Fluid Administration to Goats: Effects of Handling and Fluid Temperature

Eriksson, L., E. Hydbring, L. Tuomisto, E. MacDonald, U.-M. Kokkonen, and K. Olsson: Intraruminal fluid administration to goats: effects of handling and fluid temperature. Acta vet. scand. 1994,35,289-298.– Physiological stress response to intraruminal fluid administration was studied in 5 female goats. The fluid was given through a stomach tube. The water was cold (10°C) or warm (38°C) and in an amount of 7.5-10% of body weight. Plasma concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline and Cortisol increased significantly after both treatments. Adrenaline and noradrenaline responses were greater and more longlasting after cold water administration, but there was no difference in Cortisol response between cold and warm water. Haematocrit and plasma protein concentrations increased also and the effects of cold water lasted longer. Blood pressure showed a sharp rise of short duration and was independent of water temperature. The immediate tachycardie response was similar with both treatments, but cold water caused an additional peak 15 min later. The cooling did not increase plasma histamine level.The results suggest that stomach intubation and administration of water into the rumen leads to strong activation of hormonal and cardiovascular stress parameters even in goats well adapted to handling. Low temperature of the fluid further heightens the effect. Warming of fluids to near body temperature before their administration is thus recommended.     

Pharmacokinetics of Ricobendazole After its Intravenous,Intraruminal and Subcutaneous Administration in Sheep

Ricobendazole (RBZ) was administered in sheep at the dose rate of 5 mg/kg by intravenous (i.v.) route as a 10% experimental solution, by the intraruminal (i.r.) route as a 10% experimental suspension, and by the subcutaneous (s.c.) route as a 10% commercial formulation available in Argentina. Blood samples were drawn during a 60 h period. Plasma concentrations of RBZ and its inactive metabolite albendazole sulphone (ABZSO₂) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by compartmental analysis. The fitting of the data was done by weighted least-squares non-linear regression analysis. The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated for every animal by simultaneous fitting of the plasma concentrations profiles of RBZ obtained after its administration by the three routes. The kinetic analysis of ABZSO₂ was performed by a statistical moment approach. Ricobendazole bioavailability was poor after i.r. administration, whereas high and sustained plasma concentrations and higher bioavailability were obtained after s.c. administration. A simple two-compartment open model explains in a mechanical sense the pharmacokinetic behaviour of RBZ in sheep and allows us to estimate the real first-order constant rate of absorption and the loss of drug from the absorption site after its administration by s.c. and i.r. routes.     

Intraruminal controlled release of cyromazine for the prevention of Lucilia cuprina myiasis in sheep

The efficacy of cyromazine, continuously released from intraruminal capsules at dose rates from 0.5 to 2 mg kg-1 d-1, was evaluated against implants of eggs and first instar larvae of Lucilia cuprina on Merino sheep. Estimates from the non-linear relationship between the success of implants and plasma concentrations showed that 95 per cent protection of sheep could be achieved at a mean release rate of 1.39 mg kg-1 d-1 cyromazine which gave rise to a mean plasma concentration of 0.26 mg litre-1. Present formulations allowed protection for about 90 days in a 40 kg sheep. The 'square wave' type of release profile provided negligible suboptimal dosing thus limiting the potential for selection of resistance. Systemic application of cyromazine provides control of covert and overt strike among sheep and could be used in ecologically based strategies for the control of L. cuprina populations.     

Liver Vitamin A Storage in Fattening Cattle Following Intraruminal of Intramuscular Injection of Vitamin A

The effect of intramuscular or intraruminal injection of 1 million I.U. of an emulsifiable vitamin A preparation upon liver vitamin A stores in fattening steers was investigated. Pre-injection liver stores were 52 mcg vitamin A/gm fresh liver. At 7 days post-injection, these stores had increased to an average of 88 mcg vitamin A/gm fresh liver. Thereafter, the liver vitamin A stores declined until at 73 days post-injection they were approximately 28 mcg vitamin A/gm fresh liver. During depletion the pre-injection liver vitamin A levels were reached between 30-35 days post-injection. The method of administration had little effect on repletion of liver vitamin A stores; however, the steers injected intramuscularly showed a slightly slower depletion of liver vitamin A, than those injected intraruminally. Very little difference was observed in average daily weight gains between the two methods of vitamin A administration.