玉米细胞质雄性不育(CMS)的研究进展及分析

玉米雄性不育的研究和利用是我国玉米育种的发展方向。对玉米雄性不育的研究进展进行了总结和探讨,包括玉米雄性不育的研究,应用概况,类型划分,玉米雄性不育应用的作用分析,应用类型及繁、制种程序,从而说明雄性不育在生产上具有广泛的应用前景。     

6048多胞质雄性不育系的选育

以雄性不育细胞质(CMS)中S群的S、M、R与21A及C群的Rb、Es等多种细胞质为背景,采用回交转育的方式,完成了6048雄性不育自交系的选育,不育株率与单株不育率均达100%,不育性稳定。6048可作为在玉米雄性不育育种和生产应用的雄性不育细胞质资源,应用前景广阔。     

水稻不同雄性不育类型线粒体DNA的电泳分析

自从玉米细胞质雄性不育( CMS)在生产上应用以来,许多学者对玉米CMS质源进行了广泛的研究,并且根据各自对核的恢复基因的不同反应,把它们分成N、T、C和S等4种类型。Levings和Pring通过限制性核酸内切酶片段的分析,发现N和T型细胞质线粒体DNA( mt—DNA)之间有差别,Pring等人通过电泳,又在S型细胞质雄性不育玉米中,测得两种小分子量的mt—DN-A,即S1和S2,它们的分子量分别为3。42一1.48×106道尔顿(5.2Kbp)和4.01—4.10×306道尔顿( 6.2Kbp),并且还发现,如果某些CMS一S株自然地恢复到雄性不育系时,小分子量的mt一DNA(S1或S2)就…     

3个自选玉米杂交种雄性不育化育种过程及其利用

以优良玉米杂交种冀9962(6006×昌7-2)、冀玉988(6048×H21)、冀玉8号(冀257×冀161)为背景,为了提高制种质量和节约种子生产成本,以S组的S、M、R与21A及C组的Rb、Bb、Es雄性不育细胞质C(MS)为试材,分别完成了母本6006、冀257、6048同核异质体的转育,结果不育性稳定。通过对不育多胞质杂交种的研究,论证了多胞质雄性不育杂交种在生产上利用的可行性。父本昌7-2对CMS6006与父本H21对CMS6048均具恢复性,可采用恢复型生产杂交种子;父本冀161不具备对CMS冀257的恢复性,目前可采用掺和型生产杂交种子。     

一种新型玉米雄花不育材料的发现

现有玉米细胞质雄性不育（CMS）的C，T，S型不育型均为母性遗传。作者从1992年发现父、母本均完全可育，而其特定组合的F₁完全不育的新一类玉米雄性不育材料。经几年观察此类材料后代，多数植株不育性状较为稳定。为此将此类父、母本可育，F₁选择性不育的雄花不育材料定义力“特殊雄性不育型”，简称““特型”，以示区别。     

文摘

９８１１０玉米核雄性不育系中可育植株的细胞遗传基础———（Ｒ．Ｌ．Ｐｈｉｌｉｐｓ等），Ｍａｙｄｉｃａ，１９９７，Ｖｏｌ．４２，Ｎｏ．２，１２７～１３１（英文）如果应用雄性不育系生产玉米杂交种，就会提高杂交种的总产量。核雄性不育基因可产生稳定的雄性不育...     

掺合型玉米雄性不育化新组合ST618的选育及应用

利用泰安市农业科学研究所选育的优良雄性不育系ST039与自选系借20组配成F1代完全不育的优良杂交种ST618。其杂种F1代为完全不育。掺和型雄性不育化杂交种的利用有二种方法：一是与同型可育杂交种按2：1或1：1掺合应用，利用同型可育杂交种的花粉给不育杂交种授粉；二是利用高油玉米花粉立感效应，雄性不育节养技术遗传效应和杂种优势利用效应三种遗传集成，提高普通玉米籽粒合油量。     

C478不育系的选育与利用

本文分析总结了我国玉米杂交种纯度逐年下降的原因。以本所育成的C478不育系为例，提出玉米雄性不育种子生产配套模式改良的具体规程。按此操作模式，可将我国一大批用478为母本，目前生产上推广应用的玉米优良杂交种(掖单12、13、19、西玉3号、连玉9号、豫玉12、14、15、18等)进行不育化改良式种子生产，对提高我国玉米种子纯度将起到不可低估的作用。     

冀玉8号雄性不育化的选育和利用

以优良玉米杂交种冀玉8号(冀257×冀161)为背景,以S组的S、M、R与21A及C组的Es雄性不育细胞质(CMS)为试材,完成了母本冀257不育系同核异质体的转育,不育性稳定。因父本冀161不具备对该CMS的恢复能力,目前可采用掺和方案,以获得杂交种子的生产应用。     

玉米多胞质雄性不育系6006的选育和恢复性研究

研究以雄性不育细胞质(CMS)中S组的S、M、R、21A及C组的Rb、Es等多种细胞质为背景,采用回交转育的方式,完成了6006雄性不育自交系的选育,不育性稳定,符合目标要求,可投入杂交种子的生产应用。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.