日粮中肽和氨基酸比例对肉鸡生长性能和生理生化指标的影响

1日龄商品代艾维茵公肉仔鸡350只,随机分为7个处理组,每处理组5个重复,分别采食7组日粮,试验期21d。第1组是玉米–豆粕–酪蛋白型基础日粮,酪蛋白中氮占基础日粮总氮的30%。第2、3、4组日粮为肽组,分别用肽替代基础日粮中酪蛋白的1/3、2/3、3/3,第5、6、7组为氨基酸组,氨基酸同样替代基础日粮中1/3、2/3、3/3的酪蛋白。结果表明:日粮中肽和氨基酸水平影响肉鸡生长,当日粮中肽和氨基酸比例在一定水平增加时,促进肉鸡增重,同时提高采食量,引起料肉比增加,血清中胆固醇、甘油三脂和高、低密度脂蛋白含量有先升高后降低的趋势,并且氨基酸对这一趋势的影响大于肽的影响。血清中总蛋白、白蛋白含量随日粮中肽和氨基酸水平增加而提高,血清尿酸含量提高,并且血清生长激素和T3含量随日粮肽和氨基酸水平增大也有提高趋势。     

日粮中添加大豆肽对白羽肉鸡肉品质的影响

为了探讨大豆肽对肉鸡肉品质的影响,试验选用1日龄的健康AA+白羽肉鸡180只,采用单因素随机试验设计分为5个处理,每个处理设4个重复,在相同基础日粮中添加0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%(大豆肽≥40%)的大豆肽,试验期为6周。试验结束时,从每个重复中随机选取2只试鸡屠宰,进行胸肌采样,测定其pH值、肉色、嫩度、保水性及肌内粗脂肪的含量。结果表明:日粮中添加大豆肽能提高肉鸡胸肌pH值及嫩度;增强其保水性并改善肉色;粗脂肪含量略微下降,但差异性不显著,不影响其风味。     

低寡糖日粮中添加水苏糖对肉鸡生长性能的影响

选用192只1日龄从肉公鸡,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理设6个笼(重复),每笼8只鸡.在玉米-大豆浓缩蛋白型低寡糖基础日粮中分别添加0、0.50%、1.00%、2.00%水苏糖制剂(纯度为83.7%),研究日粮中不同水平苏糖对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响.结果表明:水苏糖对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响存在剂量反应关系.低剂量(0.50%)表现为促进作用,高剂量(2.00%)则表现为抑制作用;而且生长前期剂量反应程度强于生长后期.     

大豆肽在肉鸡饲料中的应用研究

试验选用180羽健康AA肉仔鸡,随机分成6个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复5羽。A组为空白对照, B组为添加抗生素（黄霉素5 mg/kg）试验组, C、D、E、F组分别为添加大豆活性肽0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8% （固态,含活性肽40 g/kg）的试验组。试验结果表明,在生产性能上,大豆活性肽可显著提高肉仔鸡日增重和采食量,在提高屠宰率方面也有一定的作用;在经济效益上,大豆活性肽可以降低饲料成本,增加毛利润。因此,大豆活性肽可以有效应用于肉仔鸡生产中,其最适添加量为06%,优于使用抗生素（黄霉素5 mg/kg）。     

日粮中添加枣粉和发酵枣粉对母猪生产性能、血浆生化指标及粪便的影响

试验旨在探讨枣粉和发酵枣粉对母猪生产性能、血浆生化指标、初乳中免疫球蛋白含量及母猪便秘情况的影响。选取27头85 d(长白×大白)二元妊娠母猪,随机分为对照组、枣粉组和发酵枣粉组,每组9头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,枣粉组饲喂基础日粮+4%枣粉,发酵枣粉饲喂基础日粮+4%发酵枣粉。试验至泌乳期14 d结束,共45 d。结果表明,日粮中添加枣粉可显著降低母猪妊娠109 d血浆尿素氮和甘油三酯的含量(P0.05);日粮中添加发酵枣粉可显著提高断奶仔猪数和7日龄仔猪窝重(P0.05),降低母猪妊娠109 d血浆尿素氮含量(P0.05)。此外,添加发酵枣粉可显著改善母猪产前6天便秘情况。结果表明,日粮中添加枣粉或发酵枣粉均可改善母猪氮代谢,此外添加发酵枣粉还可改善母猪便秘和提高母猪生产性能。     

大豆活性肽对肉仔鸡日粮蛋白质代谢及增重效果的影响

选用180只爱拔益加肉仔鸡,采用单因子随机试验设计,分成6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复5只鸡。处理组A饲喂基础日粮;处理组B饲喂基础日粮 抗生素(黄霉素5mg/kg);处理组C、D、E、F分别饲喂基础日粮 大豆活性肽0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%(液态,含活性肽40g/kg)。结果表明,大豆活性肽添加剂可以提高蛋白质代谢率。E和F组的蛋白质代谢率分别比A组提高了2.66%和2.41%(P<0.05)。随着大豆活性肽添加浓度的提高,肉仔鸡日增重加快,饲料转化率提高。E组的日增重比对照组高2.89g(P<0.01),比抗生素组高1.84g(P<0.01)。E组料肉比比对照组低0.17(P<0.05)。     

发酵木薯渣粉在肉用仔鸡日粮中的利用

广西地处亚热带,是我国木薯的主要产区之一。木薯种植面积240多万亩,年产木薯50多万吨。木薯渣是淀粉和葡萄糖生产过程中的下脚料。广西有70多个淀粉和葡萄糖厂家,每年有木薯渣约7万吨,资源量较大。木薯渣因其湿度大(含水分60%左右)无法直接用于饲料生产,而且营养价值较低。堆集起来又会发热腐败,严重污染环境。如能通过微生物途径,将木薯渣发酵制成含有单细胞蛋白等多种营养成分的饲料原料,用于配合饲料的工厂化生产,不仅消除了环境污染,变废为宝,提高企业的经济效     

转基因稻谷日粮对肉仔鸡血清生化指标的影响

为了研究转基因稻谷日粮对肉仔鸡血液生化指标的影响,监测转基因稻谷对肉仔鸡健康状况的影响。试验将200只1日龄的肉仔鸡随机分成2组,试验组、对照组分别饲喂转基因稻谷及其亲本配制的基础日粮。21日龄、42日龄时测定试验组与对照组血液生化指标之间的差异。结果表明:饲喂含有转基因稻谷日粮的肉仔鸡在早期可降低碱性磷酸酶含量,降低后期血液中尿酸含量,而对其它血液生化指标无显著影响。转基因稻谷日粮作为肉仔鸡的饲料原料对肉仔鸡血液生化指标未造成负面影响。     

日粮中添加植物小肽对黄羽肉鸡生长、屠宰性能及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮中添加植物小肽对黄羽肉鸡生长、屠宰性能及血清生化指标的影响。选择健康1日龄黄羽肉鸡(♀)192只,随机分成4处理组,每处理组6个重复,每重复8只鸡,分别饲喂在基础日粮上添加0、0.1%、0.5%和1.0%植物小肽的日粮,试验期56d。结果表明:①随着日粮中植物小肽添加量的提高,1～21、21～56和1～56d黄羽肉鸡平均日增重以线性方式升高(线性,P分别为0.005、0.001和0.003),耗料增重比以线性方式降低(线性,P分别为0.045、0.003和0.011)。②日粮中添加0.5%和1.0%植物小肽均显著降低黄羽肉鸡56d的腹脂率和皮下脂肪厚度(P<0.05),添加1.0%植物小肽显著提高56d黄羽肉鸡的胸肌率(P<0.05)。③随着日粮中植物小肽添加水平的提高,21d和56d血清总抗氧化能力和总蛋白含量均以线性方式升高(线性,P分别为0.005、0.001和0.021、0.085)和血清尿酸含量以线性方式降低(P=0.016和0.009)。结果提示,日粮中植物小肽可提高血清抗氧化能力和总蛋白含量、生长性能及胸肌率,降低血清尿酸含量和腹脂率及皮下脂肪厚度,其适宜添加水平为0.5%。     

大豆活性肽饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

选用180羽健康AA肉仔鸡,随机分成6个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复5羽鸡。A组为空白对照,B组为添加抗生素(黄霉素5mg/kg)试验组,C、D、E、F组分别为添加大豆活性肽0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%(液态,含活性肽40g/kg)的试验组。试验结果表明:①在生产性能上,大豆活性肽可显著提高肉仔鸡日增重和采食量,在提高屠宰率方面也有一定的作用;②在经济效益上,大豆活性肽可以降低饲料成本,增加毛利润。试验证明,大豆活性肽可以有效应用于肉仔鸡生产中,其最适添加量为0.6%,优于使用抗生素(黄霉素5mg/kg)。     

棉籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸭生产、屠宰性能及血液指标的影响

本试验选取480只21日龄健康、体重相近樱桃谷肉鸭,随机分为4组,每组设6个重复,各重复20只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中添加3%、6%、9%棉籽粕代替部分豆粕的日粮。试验期间记录各组体增重及耗料量等,试验结束后,测定各组肉鸭的生产性能、屠宰性能、靶器官比重及血清中尿素氮、总蛋白、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶含量,研究3～5周龄肉鸭日粮中棉籽粕适宜添加比例。试验期14d。结果表明:三种替代比例对肉鸭体增重、料重比和屠宰性能无显著影响(P0.05);3%和6%添加量对肉鸭肝脏比重、血清尿素氮、总蛋白、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶含量无显著影响(P0.05),日粮中添加9%棉籽粕,对肉鸭肝脏比重无显著影响(P0.05),但谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶显著增加(P0.05)。本试验条件下,日粮中添加6%棉籽粕,樱桃谷肉鸭生产、屠宰性能最理想,胴体品质也有一定改善,且对肝脏发育、血液生化指标无显著影响。     

Effects of dietary copper supplementation on production performance and plasma biochemical parameters in broiler chickens

1. A study was conducted to estimate the effect of copper (Cu) supplementation on growth performance and biochemical profiles of blood and meat in broiler chickens.

2. A total of 240?d-old broiler chicks (Vencobb-100) were randomly divided into 12 groups, each of 20 chicks (4 treatments?×?3 replicates).

3. The basal diet (T₁) contained 215?g?kg^?1 crude protein (CP), 12·76?MJ?kg^?1 ME, 32?g?kg^?1 total calcium and 5?g?kg^?1 total phosphorus. T_2, T₃ and T₄ were formulated to contain an additional 75, 150 and 250?mg?Cu?kg^?1 diet, respectively. Copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO₄, 5H₂O) was used as the source of Cu.

4. Significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride, and an elevated concentration of HDL-cholesterol, were observed in the chickens fed with 250?mg?Cu?kg^?1 (T₄) of feed at the 3rd and 6th week of the experiment. Total cholesterol in meat decreased significantly in the birds fed with dietary Cu at 250?mg?kg^?1 (T₄) of feed.

5. Growth performance was measured in terms of live weight gain, cumulative feed intake and feed conversion ratio at the end of d 21 and d 42 of the experiment, and the result was found to be commercially beneficial for the chickens receiving 150?mg?Cu?kg^?1 (T₃) of diet. The concentration of Cu in breast muscle and liver increased significantly at the end of experiment.

6. From this study it can be concluded that supplementation with dietary Cu may be beneficial for production performance and plasma biochemical characteristics of broiler chickens.     

Effects of chitosan on growth performance and energy and protein utilisation in broiler chickens

1. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan on growth performance, energy availability and protein retention in broilers. 2. Experiment 1 was a 42-d growth assay, in which 294 1-d-old male broilers were given one of 7 dietary treatments. A control feed was supplemented with 5 levels of chitosan (0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 g/kg) or 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline (CTC). 3. Increasing chitosan inclusion gave a nonlinear increase (P< 0.001) in feed conversion efficiency (FCE). Optimal growth and feed conversion were obtained with 0.5-1.0 g/kg chitosan. 4. In experiment 2, 42 1-d-old male broilers (6/treatment) were individually housed but fed on the same diets as in experiment 1. Excreta were collected from d 19-21 and d 40-42. 5. The addition of 0.5-1.0 g/kg chitosan increased nitrogen retention compared with the control group (P< 0.01), while apparent metabolisable energy in the diets was not altered.     

菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸭生产性能、胴体品质及血液指标的影响

试验主要研究肉鸭日粮中双低菜籽粕代替豆粕的适宜比例。480只21日龄健康樱桃谷肉鸭,按体重相近的原则随机分为4组,每组设6个重复,每重复20只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加8%、11%、14%双低菜籽粕代替豆粕。试验期间记录各组肉鸭体增重及耗料量等,试验结束后,测定各组肉鸭的生产性能、胴体指标、靶器官比重及血清中T3、T4含量。结果表明,三种添加比例对肉鸭体增重、料重比和胴体指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。8%、11%添加量对肉鸭靶器官比重及T3、T4含量无显著影响(P>0.05),日粮中添加14%菜籽粕,甲状腺重量显著增加(P<0.05),但对肝脏重及血清中T3、T4含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。本试验条件下,日粮中添加11%双低菜籽粕,肉鸭生产性能最理想,胴体品质也有一定改善,且对靶器官及血清中T3、T4含量无明显影响。     

Effects of soybean oligosaccharide,stachyose, and raffinose on growth performance and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens

This study was conducted to examine the effects of soybean oligosaccharide, stachyose, and raffinose on growth performance and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens. Three-hundred 1-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: a basal diet (control diet); diets supplemented with soybean oligosaccharide, stachyose, or raffinose at levels of 0.6% total sugar content; and diet with soybean meals (positive control). Results showed that feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) was improved (p < 0.05) in broiler chickens that received stachyose, but not raffinose, while addition of soybean oligosaccharide to the diet significantly (p < 0.05) resulted in decreases in the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG). Supplementation with soybean oligosaccharide, stachyose, or raffinose had a positive effect (p < 0.05) on the nutrient digestibility, but not on the blood immune parameters (p > 0.05). The results of the gene sequencing indicated that, at the family level, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Lactobacillaceae were comparatively present in all the treatments but the cecal microbial composition was changed after dietary addition of different oligosaccharides. Our study had led to a greater understanding of prebiotic effects of these oligosaccharides on growth and intestinal health.     

富含抗菌肽乳酸菌发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对罗非鱼生产性能及免疫功能的影响

选取平均体重为(56.0±0.56)g的健康罗非鱼240条,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20条鱼,对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别用20%,40%,60%富含抗菌肽乳酸菌发酵豆粕替代基础日粮中等量的鱼粉,试验期为40 d。结果表明,试验Ⅰ组罗非鱼增重率及饵料系数和对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。各试验组血清中总蛋白(TP)与对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验前期试验Ⅰ组均白蛋白(ALB)含量最高,显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验后期各组差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ和对照组血清中溶菌酶(LZM)的含量在整个试验过程中均呈上升趋势,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的含量呈逐渐下降的趋势。     

Effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance,gastrointestinal microflora population and small intestinal morphology in broiler chickens

1. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing dietary cottonseed meal (CSM) or fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) for soya bean meal (SBM) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, gastrointestinal microbial populations, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens.

2. CSM was fermented with Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and A. oryzae for 7 d. A total of 300 one-d-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were used in a 42-d experiment in which the birds were randomly allotted to one of 5 dietary treatments (containing 0%, 10% and 20% CSM or FCSM) in a completely randomised design. Birds were reared on litter floor and had free access to feed and water during the experiment.

3. Results indicated that the fermentation process significantly reduced crude fibre and free gossypol, while it increased crude protein content and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count in CSM.

4. The use of FCSM instead of CSM significantly improved growth performance of broilers. The abdominal fat yield in treatments containing FCSM was significantly lower than in the other treatments. The increase in the population of LAB in the crop and decrease in the population of coliforms in the ileum of birds fed on diets containing FCSM were more significant than in other birds. Villi in the duodenum and jejunum of the birds fed on diets containing FCSM were significantly higher than for the other experimental groups.

5. The positive effects of diets containing FCSM on growth performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens showed that this processed source of protein can serve as an appropriate alternative for SBM in diets for broiler chickens.     

不同抗氧化剂和添加水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和抗氧化性影响的研究

为了研究不同抗氧化剂产品和添加水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和抗氧化性能的影响,本研究选用1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡96只,随机分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组(CTR)饲喂不添加任何抗氧化剂的基础日粮;SQM6组饲喂基础日粮+48mg/kgSQM6;SQMax组饲喂基础日粮+80mg/kgSQMax。记录肉仔鸡的日均采食量和平均日增重,并于28日龄时,随机在每个重复中选取1只鸡进行翅静脉采血,测定血清抗氧化指标。研究结果表明:与CTR相比,肉仔鸡日粮中添加抗氧化剂有改善饲料转化率的趋势(P>0.05);添加SQM6显著提高了血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性(P<0.05),并显著降低了丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P<0.05);日粮中添加SQMax显著提高了肉仔鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,肉仔鸡日粮中添加抗氧化剂SQM6和SQMax能够提高血清中超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,降低丙二醛含量,改善肉仔鸡机体抗氧化功能。     

玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡生产性能和内源酶活性的影响

试验选用270羽1日龄艾维茵健康肉仔鸡,随机分成3组,研究了玉米-豆粕型日粮条件下添加不同水平的木聚糖酶对肉鸡生产性能和内源酶活性的影响。结果表明,添加25g/t和50g/t的木聚糖酶可提高肉鸡的日增重,降低料重比;提高胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶和胰脂肪酶酶活力,同时亦显著提高了肉鸡的生产效益。