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安华农业保险股份有限公司内蒙古分公司 《中国禽业导刊》2009,26(3)
一 自然风险是农业风险的主要因素
农业是国民经济的基础,也是带有风险性的活体弱质产业.农业风险是指人们在从事生产经营过程中,人类无法把握与不能确定的事故的发生导致损失的不确定性.风险既是客观的又是无形的,具有突发性和多变性,导致了农业风险的多样化.农业风险一般分为自然风险、社会风险和经济风险三类.根据当前我国农业风险的特点,自然风险是影响农业发展的主要因素. 相似文献
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乳中硫氰酸盐对人类健康的风险评估 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
全面综述了乳中硫氰酸盐对人类健康的风险。介绍了硫氰酸盐在生鲜乳中保鲜使用情况,乳中硫氰酸盐的正常生理浓度和检测方法,乳及人体内硫氰酸盐的来源和影响因素,乳中硫氰酸盐对人类健康的毒性作用及风险评估。 相似文献
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崔德华 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2012,(4):193-196
随着经济社会的发展,当今人类社会已进入到风险社会阶段,风险社会的到来对大学生的价值观念、思维方式和行为方式等带来了深刻的影响。大学生的成长过程不是一帆风顺的,而是面临着诸多风险的严峻考验,他们能否有效地防范和化解风险,直接影响着他们的成长和发展。在风险社会背景下,必须加强大学生的风险防范意识教育,这是我国高校亟待解决的重要现实问题,也是一个充满挑战性和具有前瞻性的时代课题。 相似文献
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管理起源于人类的共同劳动,与人类社会同时产生,是维系人类正常社会生活的条件,猪场经济效益的取得以及效益的大小,在于猪场对风险意识的认识和控制能力。猪场的风险是客观存在的,猪场的管理在某种意义是来说就是对猪场风险的管理。猪的行情固然很重要,行情的好坏可以影响猪场的效益,但并不是绝对的,即使在行情最好的时候,还是会出现亏损的情况,管理和行情并重。 相似文献
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对动物使用抗菌素仅进行“高”“中”“低”风险评级尚不可能提供足够的信息并做出有益于人类健康的风险管理决策。丹佛科克斯咨询公司风险评估咨询专家托尼科克斯博士建议采用“快速风险评级技术(RRRT)”进行数量分析,该方法提供的信息足以做出理性的风险管理决策,据此做出的决策同时考虑了风险和后果。 相似文献
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风险分析在动物卫生管理中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在动物卫生管理领域,危害动物及人类生命和健康的风险始终存在,其中最为突出的是动物疾病风险、动物源性食品安全风险以及动物排泄物对环境的污染等。近年来,这些风险事件的频发严重影响了畜牧业的健康可持续发展,并对公共卫生安全构成了极大的威胁。预防和控制重大动物疫病、提高动物源性食品安全水平、降低养殖业对环境的污染等;已成为全球动物卫生管理领域关注的热点问题。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献