GREEN AGRICULTURE AND BLUE WATER IN CHINA: REINTEGRATING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION FOR CLEAN WATER

• AGD aims for a green environment, sustainable agriculture and clean water. • Presenting examples of the impact of agriculture on water quality. • Presenting examples of solutions for sustainable agriculture and improved water quality. • Integration of livestock and cropping systems is possible on a farm or among farms. • Providing recommendations for further development of sustainable agriculture. Crop and livestock production are essential to maintain food security. In China, crop and livestock production were integrated in the past. Today, small backyard systems are still integrated but the larger livestock farms are landless and largely geographically separated from crop production systems. As a result, there is less recycling of animal manures and there are lower nutrient use efficiencies in the Chinese food production systems. This, in turn, results in considerable losses of nutrients, causing water pollution and harmful algal blooms in Chinese lakes, rivers and seas. To turn the tide, there is a need for agricultural “green” development for food production through reintegrating crop and livestock production. An additional wish is to turn the Chinese water systems “blue” to secure clean water for current and future generations. In this paper, current knowledge is summarized to identify promising interventions for reintegrating crop and livestock production toward clean water. Technical, social, economic, policy and environmental interventions are addressed and examples are given. The paper highlights recommended next steps to achieve “green” agriculture and “blue” water in China.     

土壤水研究及在作物需水灌溉中的应用

本文论述了近一个世纪以来土壤水研究的进展及现状。土水势概念的应用为ＳＰＡＣ中的水分运动研究提供了统一尺度。     

磁化水对作物种子的生物效应研究

应用梯度磁场及不同流速的磁化水浸种,研究了对玉米、小麦、辣椒、葫芦、苦瓜种子发芽出苗的生物效应.结果表明:经一定梯度磁场和一定流速的磁化水浸泡不同作物种子,其发芽率和发芽势都有一定程度的提高,尤其是葫芦和苦瓜的发芽率提高最为明显.磁化水对玉米和小麦的幼苗生长及生理特性都有一定的促进作用.     

磁化水对作物种子的生物效应研究

应用梯度磁场及不同流速的磁化水浸种,研究了对王米、小麦、辣椒、葫芦、苦瓜种子发芽出苗的生物效应。结果表明：经一定梯度磁场和一定流速的磁化水浸泡不同作物种子,其发芽率和发芽势都有一定程度的提高,尤其是葫芦和苦瓜的发芽率提高最为明显。磁化水对王米和小麦的幼苗生长及生理特性都有一定的促进作用。     

作物化控工程的发展及其在我国农业生产中的应用前景

本文讨论了作物化控工程的发展及其在解决作物栽培中的难题,改进传统栽培技术和传统耕作制度等方面所发挥的重要作用。提出了加强作物化控工程研究和应用的建议意见。     

LINKING CROP WATER PRODUCTIVITY TO SOIL PHYSICAL,CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROPERTIES

• The linkage between crop water productivity and soil properties were summarized• Knowledge of soil microbial effects on crop water productivity is still limited• Knowledge of interactions of soil factors on crop water productivity is still limitedAgriculture uses a large proportion of global and regional water resources. Due to the rapid increase of population in the world, the increasing competition for water resources has led to an urgent need in increasing crop water productivity for agricultural sustainability. As the medium for crop growth, soils and their properties are important in affecting crop water productivity. This review examines the effects of soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties on crop water productivity and the quantitative relationships between them. A comprehensive view of these relationships may provide important insights for soil and water management in arable land for agriculture in the future.     

农作物生产管理决策系统中的数学推理方法

本文阐述了农作物生产管理决策系统中的数学推理方法。     

作物生产系统的模拟模型研究进展

本文阐述了作物生产系统的概念,作物模拟研究的当前水平及广阔的应用前景,特别讨论了在我国的发展及其特色.     

论海产鱼虾幼体的优质饵料-海洋桡足类的繁殖发育种群产量和培养

本文论述了海洋侥足类(Copepoda)的繁殖，发育、种群产量，培养方法及其渔业作用等有关方面的研究成就，(1)海洋桡足类营养丰富。例如虎斑猛水蚤(Tiyriopus)不论用什么饵料培养，都富有能仗海洋鱼虾类保持健康促进生长所必需的20：5wз和22：6w3高度不饱和脂肪酸，是鱼虾类的优质饵料：(2)叙述了海洋桡足类的卵子发育外观上的分期、精子和精笑的形成、交配和产卵、净生殖率(Ro)和内禀增长率(rw)等；(3)归纳了挠足类幼体发育中不同种类相同龄期发育的共同性和同一种类不同龄期发育的特殊性，分析了形成各个龄期发育特点的可能因素；(4)介绍了挠足类的种群产量估算法和某些海区一些桡足类的P／B系数：(5)概述了海洋侥足类培养发展史，提出了培养挠足类存在的难点和可能解决的办法以及连续大量培养杂食性底栖猛水蚤类作为’海产鱼虾幼体的活饵料的可能性。     

五种浸提剂测定土壤有效态锰的比较

用五种浸提剂提取红壤、黄褐土、砂姜黑土和灰潮土的有效态Mn,结果表明:其提取能力为1N NH_4OAc+0.2%对苯二酚>0.05MH_2SO_4+0.05MHCl>DTPA>HOAc+NH_4OAc、Mg(NO_3)_2,以1N HOAc+NH_4OAc浸提的土壤有效态Mn与作物体内Mn~(2+)浓度、摄锰量的相关性最好,对4种性质不同的土壤均有良好的稳定性。     

农田土壤水分的计算

一、问题的提出研究农田土壤水分变化规律和特点对鉴定农作物水分供应,拟定灌溉方案和了解农田水分收支等均有很大的实际意义。但是,目前系统的实测土壤水分资料还很不够,测定方法也多较复杂且精确度低,短期内难于在气象站普及,一些测定土壤水分的先进技术尚在研究试用,因而找出精确可行的计算方法,特别是利用气象站现有观测资料提出一种简便的计算方法更属必要。本文仅就这个问题做一初步探讨。     

水土保持林综合抚育技术研究

运用二次回归旋转设计法建立了２个可控抚育因子与侧柏水土保持林材积增量的数学模型，通过模型分析，提出了侧柏水土保持林综合抚育的优化方案，为侧柏水土保持林合理经营提供了信息。