春玉米高产栽培技术

作者研究春玉米高产栽培技术,认为:一、采用“紧土条播”是高产的前提;二、选用早熟高产杂交玉米良种是高产的基础;三、每亩6000株、窄行种植是高产的关键;四、科学     

探讨花生亩产超八百斤的理论与技术

湛江地区组织了花生高产栽培协作组,研究高产规律,总结高产经验,推广高产措施,对开展高产运动、指导大面积花生生产都起着很重要的作用。自一九七七年至一九七九年,协作组培创高产花生面积10.506亩,平均亩产844.47斤,高产田块亩产变幅813——872斤(亩产超800斤田块附表1)。对高产花生田进行了大量调查和测定工作,从而初步认识花生亩产超800斤的理论与技术,现将有关资料整理总结分析如下。     

淮北地区氮高效高产型粳稻品种群体生长特征研究

【目的】本研究旨在阐明淮北地区氮高效高产型粳稻品种的群体生长特征。【方法】在各自最适施氮水平下,选用淮北地区氮高效高产型、氮中效高产型和氮高效中产型3类代表性常规粳稻品种,研究不同类型水稻品种产量、茎蘖动态、叶面积及物质生产与积累特征。【结果】拔节前氮高效高产型群体茎蘖数最少,拔节后平缓下降,最终成穗率最高;氮高效高产型水稻品种抽穗期叶面积指数最大,氮低效低产型最小,氮高效高产型水稻品种最大叶面积指数分别比氮中效高产型、氮高效中产型高2.53%、5.58%;有效叶面积率表现为氮高效高产型氮高效中产型氮中效高产型,高效叶面积率表现为氮中效高产型氮高效高产型氮高效中产型;抽穗至成熟阶段,氮中效高产型和氮高效高产型群体光合势差异不显著,但均显著高于氮高效中产型,分别高10.58%和9.86%;氮高效高产型水稻成熟期干物质积累总量略低于氮中效高产型,抽穗至成熟阶段,随着籽粒产量的提高,干物质积累呈递增趋势,干物质积累比例以氮高效高产型最高;收获指数表现为氮高效型品种大于氮中效品种;氮高效高产型品种群体生长率在抽穗前低于氮中效高产型品种,而在抽穗至成熟阶段则显著高于氮中效高产型与氮高效中产型,分别高8.79%、17.46%。【结论】氮高效高产型水稻品种拔节前叶面积指数、干物质积累量和群体生长率均低于氮高效中产型和氮中效高产型;抽穗到成熟期光合势、收获指数、群体生长率、成穗率和干物质积累量及比例最高。     

黄麻高产攻关的初步总结

近年来各项作物的高产栽培技术都有很大的提高,黄麻的高产典型也不断涌现。为了总结黄麻亩产千斤的经验,以及探索更高亩产的潜力,把全区有关单位组成黄麻高产攻关协作组,共同开展高产攻关的科学实验活动,藉以摸索高产规律和     

探索高产规律 实现棉花高产

为了探索棉花高产规律,我站从1974年开始,连续四年进行棉花高产试验,试验田每亩留苗密度分别为1000、2000、3000株,三种不同密度实产结果多稳定在240斤的水平上,相比之下,又以每亩3000株的产量最高。总结我站几年来的生产实践,并结合外地高产经验,有关棉花高产结构及其措施,有以下几点看法:一、高产结构棉花高产要有个合理的组成结构。只有较为合理的组成结构,才能实现早熟、优质、高产的目的。因而要实现棉花高产,就要选择适应于当地气候特点和水肥条件的高产结构。     

杂交水稻新组合广8优798在揭阳的示范表现及高产栽培技术

介绍了优质高产杂交水稻广8优798在广东省揭阳市的高产示范表现,总结了其高产栽培技术。     

粳稻新品种临稻16号超高产栽培技术

在国家农业部组织实施的全国水稻高产创建工作中,山东省莒县农业局以选用多抗、高产、优质水稻新品种为基础,综合利用集成配套增产技术．强化技术培训与指导．创新开展水稻高产创建工作．全县水稻高产创建工作取得显著成绩。该县万亩水稻高产创建示范田．以667m^2平均725．7kg的产量．顺利通过了国家农业部、山东省农业厅水稻高产创建专家组的验收．超额完成了国家农业部水稻高产创建工作的产量指标要求。创出了鲁东南地区夏播粳稻高产的新纪录。现将该品种的特征特性及超高产栽培技术简介如下。     

早稻超级稻中早22持续高产栽培技术研究

本文重点研究了早稻超级稻中早22持续高产栽培技术。在早稻持续高产指标、高产环境指标及其配套高产栽培技术等方面进行了探索。提出“油菜作绿肥,培肥地力;适期早播,延长基本营养生长期;厢畦栽培,控水增氧,增强根系活力”等高产栽培新观点,实现了早稻700kg／667m^2的预期高产目标。     

2007年黑龙江农垦水稻高产攻关典型分析

黑龙江农垦水稻高产攻关出现了小面积折合稻谷产量超过14.7t/hm2的高产典型。从品种、土壤、栽培技术和气候条件等方面,采取与其它地区高产典型对比的方法,分析了寒地气候条件下出现这种高产典型的原因。分析了产量构成各项指标的特点及高产攻关研究的现实意义。指出综合栽培技术应该是高产攻关研究的要点。提高我国水稻单产,不仅要重视生产技术创新,还要重视生产机制创新。黑龙江农垦总局大面积水稻获得高产经验值得深入总结。     

玉米高产理论和技术途径之概述与展望

光能利用率和干物质生产理论是作物高产的基本理论。从作物光合作用和物质生产角度研究玉米的高产理论和技术,探讨物质生产诸因素与高产性能的关系,掌握作物在更换品种或改进栽培技术中形成产量差异的实质,可确定更加有效的栽培技术或育出更加优良的高产品种。 本文以光能利用率和干物质生产理论为基础,就玉米栽培和品种改良范围内所见,在评述已有的高产理论和技术基础上,探讨玉米高产再高产的技术途径。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。