共查询到10条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
通过对陕西长武4种典型土地利用方式下0~500 cm土层土壤主要理化性质分析,以明确土地利用方式对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:农田、果园土壤有机质、全氮含量显著高于荒地和刺槐林地,土壤粘粒含量与土壤容重呈显著负相关关系,与土壤饱和导水率呈显著正相关关系;农田0~100 cm土层土壤容重达1.44 g·cm-3,显著高于同深度荒地(1.27 g·cm-3)、果园(1.38 g·cm-3)、刺槐林地(1.32 g·cm-3)土层;400~500 cm土层土壤含水量为刺槐林地(86 g·kg-1)<果园(113 g·kg-1)<荒地(152 g·kg-1)<农田(165 g·kg-1);果园和刺槐林地0~500 cm土层土壤平均饱和导水率分别为0.37、0.36 mm·min-1,显著高于农田(0.25 mm·min-1)和荒地(0.23 mm·min-1)。退耕还林(草)导致土壤容重降低、饱和导水率增加,有助于降水入渗,但退耕后深层土壤有干燥化的倾向。 相似文献
2.
李光录 《干旱地区农业研究》2007,25(1):6-10
使用PI模型对黄土高原坡地生产力的自然衰退过程,以及在水土保持和施肥管理措施下土地生产力的变化趋势进行了模拟,结果显示:在自然侵蚀环境中,土地生产力的衰退速度很快,平均每年以0.25%到0.5%的速度衰减,若采取水土保持措施则其衰退速度较自然侵蚀下年均减缓0.07%(水平梯田)、0.15%(坡式梯田)和0.21%(等高带状种植),而采用水土保持措施并结合施肥管理措施则可使土地生产力得到明显恢复;水土保持措施可以减缓土地生产力衰退的速度,但不能使其生产力得到有效恢复,只有采用水土保持措施并结合合理的施肥管理措施才能使土地生产力水平得到恢复和提高. 相似文献
3.
Vertical root distribution and root cohesion of typical tree species on the Loess Plateau,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and Chinese pine(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) are two woody plants that are widely planted on the Loess Plateau for controlling soil erosion and land desertification. In this study, we conducted an excavation experiment in 2008 to investigate the overall vertical root distribution characteristics of black locust and Chinese pine. We also performed triaxial compression tests to evaluate the root cohesion(additional soil cohesion increased by roots) of black locust. Two types of root distribution, namely, vertical root(VR) and horizontal root(HR), were used as samples and tested under four soil water content(SWC) conditions(12.7%, 15.0%, 18.0% and 20.0%, respectively). Results showed that the root lengths of the two species were mainly concentrated in the root diameter of 5–20 mm. A comparison of root distribution between the two species indicated that the root length of black locust was significantly greater than that of Chinese pine in nearly all root diameters, although the black locust used in the comparison was 10 years younger than the Chinese pine. Root biomass was also significantly greater in black locust than in Chinese pine, particularly in the root diameters of 3–5 and 5–10 mm. These two species were both found to be deep-rooted. The triaxial compression tests showed that root cohesion was greater in the VR samples than in the HR samples. SWC was negatively related to both soil shear strength and root cohesion. These results could provide useful information on the architectural characteristics of woody root system and expand the knowledge on shallow slope stabilization and soil erosion control by plant roots on the Loess Plateau. 相似文献
4.
5.
Studies of wind erosion based on Geographic Information System(GIS) and Remote Sensing(RS) have not attracted sufficient attention because they are limited by natural and scientific factors.Few studies have been conducted to estimate the intensity of large-scale wind erosion in Inner Mongolia,China.In the present study,a new model based on five factors including the number of snow cover days,soil erodibility,aridity,vegetation index and wind field intensity was developed to quantitatively estimate the amount of wind erosion.The results showed that wind erosion widely existed in Inner Mongolia.It covers an area of approximately 90×104 km2,accounting for 80% of the study region.During 1985–2011,wind erosion has aggravated over the entire region of Inner Mongolia,which was indicated by enlarged zones of erosion at severe,intensive and mild levels.In Inner Mongolia,a distinct spatial differentiation of wind erosion intensity was noted.The distribution of change intensity exhibited a downward trend that decreased from severe increase in the southwest to mild decrease in the northeast of the region.Zones occupied by barren land or sparse vegetation showed the most severe erosion,followed by land occupied by open shrubbery.Grasslands would have the most dramatic potential for changes in the future because these areas showed the largest fluctuation range of change intensity.In addition,a significantly negative relation was noted between change intensity and land slope.The relation between soil type and change intensity differed with the content of Ca CO3 and the surface composition of sandy,loamy and clayey soils with particle sizes of 0–1 cm.The results have certain significance for understanding the mechanism and change process of wind erosion that has occurred during the study period.Therefore,the present study can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of wind erosion in Inner Mongolia. 相似文献
6.
以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区第3副区典型流域为研究区,采用实地调查、土壤采样分析和数理统计相结合的方法,基于33个样点的土壤养分数据,研究了林地、草地、果园、梯田、坡耕地5种土地利用的土壤养分特征。结果表明:土地利用方式对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区典型流域土壤有机质、全N和速效P含量的影响达到显著水平,对其他养分指标影响不明显。土壤有机质和全N含量从高到低依次为:林地>坡耕地≈梯田>果园>草地,林地明显高于其他土地利用类型,而草地土壤养分最差。速效P含量从高到低依次为:果园、坡耕地、梯田、林地和草地,农业耕作植被下的速效P含量明显高于自然生态植被。研究表明:梯田作为传统的水土保持措施,在研究区具有良好的土壤保肥作用,而分布于陡坡的草地,养分保持效果在5种土地利用中最差。 相似文献
7.
为探究不同植被类型深剖面土壤水补给来源,以黄土区长武塬为研究区,采集两种土地利用方式(农地、18 a苹果园、26 a苹果园)下20 m深土壤剖面,测定土壤水及其稳定性和放射性同位素含量,基于同位素方法对不同土地利用类型下不同深度土壤水来源进行溯源分析。研究表明:(1)苹果园土壤水含量明显低于农地,说明果园耗水强度更大,对深层土壤水影响更为显著。(2)农地、18 a和26 a苹果园下降水偏移量分别为-22‰、-20‰和-6‰,说明降水补给土壤水后受到蒸发作用影响,且农地土壤水比果园受到的蒸发效应更强。(3)该区土壤水补给主要以活塞流为主;对于补给不同深度土壤的可能水源,6 m以下补给水的同位素组成(δ2H=-83.8‰,δ18O=-12.1‰)较0~6 m (δ2H=-68.8‰,δ18O=-10.1‰)更为贫化,且6 m以下补给水的氢氧稳定同位素组成与日降水量≥50 mm·d-1的降水更相似。与农地(δ2H=-70.6‰,δ18O=-... 相似文献
8.
Fractal theory is becoming an increasingly useful tool to describe soil structure dynamics for a better understanding of the performance of soil systems. Changes in land use patterns significantly affect soil physical, chemical and biological properties. However, limited information is available on the fractal characteristics of deep soil layers under different land use patterns. In this study, the fractal dimensions of particle size distribution(PSD) and micro-aggregates in the 0–500 cm soil profile and soil anti-erodibility in the 0–10 cm soil profile for 10 typical land use patterns were investigated in the Zhifanggou Watershed on the Loess Plateau, China. The 10 typical land use patterns were: slope cropland, two terraced croplands, check-dam cropland, woodland, two shrublands, orchard, artificial and natural grasslands. The results showed that the fractal dimensions of PSD and micro-aggregates were all significantly influenced by soil depths, land use patterns and their interaction. The plantations of shrubland, woodland and natural grassland increased the amount of larger micro-aggregates, and decreased the fractal dimensions of micro-aggregates in the 0–40 cm soil profile. And they also improved the aggregate state and aggregate degree and decreased dispersion rate in the 0–10 cm soil profile. The results indicated that fractal theory can be used to characterize soil structure under different land use patterns and fractal dimensions of micro-aggregates were more effective in this regard. The natural grassland may be the best choice for improving soil structure in the study area. 相似文献
9.
为实现黄土区深层土壤水的合理开发利用,需探明土地利用变化下深剖面根系和土壤水分特征及其相互作用。以农地(F)为对照,分析5、8、11、15、18、22、26 a共7个种植年限(分别以A5、A8、A11、A15、A18、A22、A26表示)下苹果树地10 m深剖面根系和土壤水分特征。结果表明:农地、<10 a和>10 a苹果树0~10 m深剖面细根根长密度(FRLD)累积分数(Y)为0.50和0.95的分布深度(D50和D95)分别为20 cm和160 cm、80 cm和610 cm、512 cm和884 cm;根系分布消光系数(β)均值分别为0.962、0.995和0.998。农地转为苹果树地后,0~10 m深剖面土壤含水量(SWC)和土壤储水量(SWS)均随种植年限增加而逐渐降低,而土壤水分亏缺程度(SWCD)和果树耗水深度则逐渐增加。D50和SWC/SWS在0~10 m土层呈负相关关系(R2=0.6),和SWCD呈正相关关系(R2=0.3)。FRLD和Y分别适用... 相似文献
10.
植被结构及其防止土壤侵蚀作用分析 总被引:28,自引:2,他引:28
本文综合引用水土保持林草植被的有关资料,对植被结构的研究意义及其与土壤侵蚀的关系进行了分析。现有资料表明:黄土区林草植被保持水土的临界盖度约为40%-60%,风蚀区植物固沙的临界盖度约为20%-50%;黄土区流域控制土壤侵蚀效果最佳的林草覆被率约为48%。本文最后还对有关问题进行了讨论。 相似文献