浅谈药用植物专类园的建设

文章以黑龙江省森林植物园药用植物专类园建设中的体会为基础,首先对药用植物进行了分门别类,并以此提出了园区划分的科学性和植物配置的合理性。提出了提升专类园观赏性的几点措施。     

药用植物在哈尔滨市园林绿化中的应用

在对哈尔滨市太阳岛公园、兆麟公园和黑龙江省森林植物园的实地调研基础上,分析了目前药用植物在哈尔滨市园林绿化中的应用概况和存在的问题,并提出了相关建议,为药用植物在城市的园林绿化进一步应用提供参考。     

黑龙江省森林植物园药用植物资源及其多样性研究

为了解黑龙江省森林植物园药用植物资源的生物多样性,采用野外调查、标本采集、分类鉴定等方法,对园区内的药用植物资源进行了系统调查.经鉴定共有各类药用植物133种(不含乔木),隶属于45科、107属,含有10种以上药用植物的优势科有毛莨科(14种)、百合科(12种)、唇形科(12种)、菊科(11种),共计49种,占全园药用...     

新疆荒漠几种重要野生药用植物资源及其人工栽培

药用开发利用是目前野生植物资源利用的重要途径之一，许多中草药都直接取自野生植物。中国沙漠地区约有植物1700余种，其中被收入《中国沙漠地区药用植物》一书中的药用植物为356种，而人们正在开发利用以及未被认识的野生荒漠药用植物的种数则远远不止于此。中国科学院吐鲁番沙漠植物园所引种的400余种荒漠植物中具有药用价值或属于药用植物以及原料药物类植物的占80％以上。     

黑龙江省森林植物园蝶类种类及发生量变化研究

2008年5月至2009年9月间,在蝶类发生季节,对黑龙江省森林植物园蝴蝶种类进行实地采样调查,共采集到蝶类707只,分别隶属于6科24属31种,标本中以蛱蝶最多,粉蝶次之,眼蝶和弄蝶最少。由于森林植物园的植物种类丰富,所以蝴蝶种类较多,数量较大,少数蝶种类在分布上具有区域性。     

球根花卉在深圳园林中的应用

球根花卉种类丰富,观赏价值高,适应性好,是城市园林植物配置的重要类群之一.以深圳市的公园、道路绿地、保护区、植物园等为对象,对球根花卉在深圳园林系统中的应用现状进行调查.结果表明,在深圳城市园林中调查发现球根花卉42科136种,常用的23种.花境、水景和人工湿地、地被、立体绿化是主要的应用方式.     

掌叶大黄在黑龙江省的分布初探

2014年7月,黑龙江省第三森林调查规划设计院调查人员在黑龙江省森工林区平顶山发现了我国珍稀药用植物物种大黄。经鉴定,此植物系蓼科大黄属掌叶大黄。在这以前东北地区从未发现过该种植物。     

箬寮岘自然保护区药用植物资源及其多样性

经野外调查和资料整理已知箬寮岘自然保护区共有药用植物17科572属991种,分别占保护区植物资源科、属、种数的91．4％、72．9％、56．6％;其中国家级珍稀濒危保护药用植物9种,占国家珍稀濒危保护药用植物的5．36％;全草类和根及根状茎类药用植物较多,分别占38．85％、34．11％;清热类、祛湿类和活血类药用植物较多,分别占41．98％、16．35％、11．00％。温带性属(43．76％)和热带性属(40．10％)所占比例大体相当。优势科主要有豆科、菊科、蔷薇科、唇形科、蓼科。     

河南宝天曼药用植物资源及其保护对策

宝天曼地区共有药用植物1058种,隶属于471属,132科。蔷薇科、菊科、百合科、毛茛科等15个科所含的物种占该地区药用植物种数的38％。蒿属、蓼属等18个大属的种数达20．6％。根茎类药用植物占28．6％,以林地为生境的药用植物占43．8％。结果表明：宝天曼地区药用植物较丰富,森林与该区药用植物的生存息息相关。要从4个方面进行保护和利用：(1)对野生生物资源的采集、利用、贸易要加强立法和执法;(2)加强药用植物资源的科研工作;(3)建立药用植物园;(4)对有重要开发价值的药用植物建立繁育基地。     

森林物候气象与植物生长的关系

森林物候气象与植物生长的关系孙国芝，黄富传，于平（黑龙江省森工总局营林局）（黑龙江省森林植物园）黑龙江省林区杨树新品种区域栽培试验的研究，是全省林区较大的科研项目，历经７年多的时间，共有１３个林业局参加，占森工系统林业局总数的３０％。课题试验设计采取...     

Armillaria ostoyae in managed coniferous forests in Kastamonu in Turkey

Although several Armillaria species have been reported in Turkey, there is little information about their ecology in Turkish forests. In this study, we investigated five forest stands, approximately 5–74 ha in size, in Kastamonu province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey for the presence of Armillaria species in stumps and logs. The stands were mixed Abies nordmanniana ssp. bornmülleriana and Pinus sylvestris forests managed using a selective cuttings system; the proportion of fir in the total number of stems and stumps ranged from 36 to 98%. Based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and intergenic spacer regions of the rDNA, all rhizomorphs sampled from the stumps and logs were of Armillaria ostoyae. The size of the genets was estimated with random amplified microsatellites analysis of the isolates and ranged from single stumps to approximately 450 m². One to seven genets were found in each stand. These results indicate that the genets had arisen from spores and vegetative spread was limited on most sites.     

上海中央公园特大银杏树白蚁防治探讨

通过对上海松江中央公园内65株特大银杏树白蚁为害情况的调查,发现该公园银杏受害率为100%,其中存在活白蚁的银杏占总量的56.9%,采用毒土处理、粉剂疗法、建立白蚁监测点等措施,经过两次灭杀,活白蚁的灭杀率达到92.3%和93.3%,从而使存在活白蚁银杏树的比例从56.9%下降到2.7%,白蚁发生情况明显降低。       

我国食品中农药残留研究进展

随着人们安全健康意识提高,食品中农药残留问题更加受到重视,本文综述了样品预处理研究进展及农药残留快速检测技术研究进展,并简单分析介绍各种方法的优缺点。     

建平半干旱地区石质山地造林技术研究

研究了不同植物在石质山地的造林成活率、土壤化学性质随造林年限的变化和造林措施对土壤化学性质和植物胸径、树高年净生长量的影响。结果表明：不同植物在石质山地的成活率在21%～85%之间,其中白榆和沙打旺的成活率分别为81%和85%,而小叶杨、刺槐、栾树的成活率均在70%左右;植被能明显提高石质山地不同土层的有机质、全N、P2O5含量,但提高程度随土层深度、养分种类和造林年限的不同而不同;在同一土层,生物复合肥料、菌剂和保水剂均显著提高土壤有机质含量（p〈0.01）并显著降低土壤P2O5含量（p〈0.01）;只有保水剂可引起土壤全K含量的明显升高;生物复合肥料、菌剂和保水剂均显著提高白榆、小叶杨、刺槐、栾树树高和胸径的年净生长量,但保水剂的提高程度最高。     

植物DNA甲基化研究进展

植物经常暴露在各种生物和非生物的胁迫之下,这些胁迫会影响植物的生长发育和繁殖并最终导致植物死亡。为了抵御不利的环境条件,植物已经进化出复杂而精细的网络来感知胁迫并激活防御系统。为此,植物激活许多信号转导通路,这些信号转导通路可以改变一些胁迫响应基因的表达,从而引起植物形态、生理和生化的改变以适应逆境。DNA胞嘧啶甲基化是高等真核生物的主要表观遗传机制之一,在维持基因组稳定性和调节基因表达方面起着关键作用。表观遗传变异比遗传变异更为灵活。一旦环境条件发生变化,为了适应新的环境植物都会发生表观遗传的改变。许多研究表明DNA甲基化参与植物的发育和应激反应。基于相关研究对DNA甲基化进行了综述,对植物逆境胁迫有重要意义。     

木材碳封存研究进展

碳封存可以分工业封存和生物封存, 工业封存包括地质封存、海洋封存、矿石碳化以及工业循环利用, 这些方法能快速回收CO₂, 但工艺流程技术复杂, 成本较高。木材碳封存是生物碳封存的一种类型, 树木光合作用吸收的碳主要存贮在木材中。运用木材密度、微密度等检测仪器, 通过确定木材密度变化, 结合其含碳率来计量木材的碳封存过程以及封存过程中碳的分配格局, 同时研究其与环境因子的相关性, 可以为研究森林的碳吸收动态提供便捷的方法和科学的依据。     

Natural regeneration in patch clear-cutting in Picea abies stands in Southern Finland

Abstract

The success of natural regeneration on patch clear-cuts in Norway spruce stands in Southern Finland was examined in terms of stocking and tree height. The experiment was established in mature spruce stands in the submesic Myrtillus (MT) site type. In each of the eight study sites, three plots were treated with clear-cutting and planting, clear-cutting with partial tree retention and planting, and patch clear-cutting without site preparation, respectively. In three of the study sites, one plot with patch clear-cutting and site preparation was established. Each plot was 1 ha, out of which three patches of 40×40 m were clear-cut in the patch treatments. 10–11 years after cutting, the patches had on average 1316 crop trees ha^–1, of which 91% were spruces. Some 27% of the stands were up to the target stocking level (≥1600 ha^?1), and 36% were at least satisfactory (≥1300 ha^?1). Site preparation did not yield greater stocking levels on patches, but that result is ambiguous due to a difference in initial stocking. The average spruce tree height in the patches (0.76 m) was much smaller than in the case of clear-cutting and planting (2.42 m). In conclusion, the patches had been restocked tolerably well with spruce and birch for practical purposes during the 10- to 11-year period, but the regeneration process had been very slow compared to clear-cutting and planting.     

Tree regeneration in patch cutting in Norway spruce stands in northern Finland

The study focused on the success of regeneration on patch cuts in spruce-dominated stands in terms of stocking and tree height. It was based on an experiment in the Kainuu region in northern Finland. The experimental design included 8 stands with 58 clearcut patches of variable size (0.09–0.37?ha), on which either natural regeneration without site preparation or site preparation and planting of Scots pine was applied. A regeneration survey was conducted 13–15 growing seasons after treatments. Patches without site preparation had been restocked quite well from natural seed sources. The average number of trees was about 11,000?ha^?1, of which 1700?ha^?1 crop trees. With site preparation and planting, the stocking levels were also very high, 25,000 and 2100?ha^?1, respectively. One hundred percent of the planted patches and 75% of the naturally regenerated patches had an acceptable density. Restocking was equally good across the range of patch sizes. Tree growth had been somewhat slower in the smallest patches than in the largest ones in the range. Natural regeneration was capable of yielding good regeneration results in most patches, especially when site preparation was applied. Stocking levels and height development were higher yet in the planted patches.     

Changes in micropores in dry wood with elapsed time in the environment

To investigate the changes in microstructures of wood with elapsed time in the environment, CO₂ adsorption onto dry wood was measured at ice-water temperature (273 K) for samples aged from 0.1 years to over 1000 years. The micropore size distribution was obtained using the Horvath-Kawazoe method. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood decreased in number with elapsed time in the environment, and a negative correlation was found between cumulative pore volume for pores smaller than 0.6 nm and elapsed time in the environment. Cumulative pore volume in the 1000-year sample was almost half of that in the 0.1- year sample. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood with a few decades or more of elapsed time increased in number after rewetting and drying. Consequently, microstructures of wood with longer time elapsed in the environment were considered to be more stable, because of longer-term thermal motion and possibly more repeated moisture adsorption and desorption and/or temperature variation in the environment.