早期断奶对舍饲哈萨克羔羊屠宰性能、器官发育及肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同断奶日龄对哈萨克羔羊屠宰性能、器官发育及肉品质的影响,进而确定哈萨克羔羊早期断奶的最佳时间。按照出生日龄基本一致、体重接近、性别比例一致( 公母比为2:3) 、母羊产羔胎次一致的原则将40 只健康的哈萨克羔羊随机分成4 组,每组10 只,4 只公羔,6 只母羔。对照组随母羊哺乳,试验组羔羊分别在30 日龄、38 日龄和45 日龄断奶,饲喂代乳料至60 日龄。90 日龄时随机从各组中选取4只羔羊进行屠宰,对其屠宰性能、器官发育及肉品质进行测定。结果表明: ( 1) 对照组的宰前活重显著低于38 日龄、45 日龄断奶组( P0.05) ; 对照组的胴体重显著低于38 日龄断奶组( P0.05) ,断奶日龄对羔羊的屠宰率和眼肌面积影响不大( P0.05) ; ( 2) 对照组的瘤胃重显著低于38 日龄、45 日龄断奶组( P0.01) ,30 日龄断奶组的瘤胃重显著高于对照组( P0.05) ,38 日龄断奶组的瘤胃重显著高于30 日龄断奶组( P0.01) ; 30 日龄断奶组和38 日龄断奶组的瘤胃乳头密度均高于45 日龄断奶组和对照组( P0.05) ,30 日龄断奶组、38 日龄断奶组和对照组之间的瘤胃乳头长度差别较大( P 0.01) ,且38 d 断奶组的瘤胃乳头长度最长; 对照组的小肠重显著低于38 日龄、45 日龄断奶组( P0.05) ; 各断奶组的网胃重、脾脏重、肺脏重和肾脏重与对照组相差不大( P0.05) ; 各组间的心脏重依次为45 d 断奶组38 d 断奶组30 d 断奶组对照组,且对照组的心脏重显著低于45 日龄断奶组( P 0.01) ,此外,对照组的肝脏重也显著低于38 日龄和45 日龄断奶组( P 0.01) ;( 3) 对照组和各断奶组羔羊的肉色、大理石纹、pH、嫩度之间差异不大( P0.05) 。综上所述: 早期断奶有利于提高羔羊屠宰性能,促进其器官发育。通过比较各项指标的测定结果可知,对哈萨克羔羊实施早期断奶是切实可行的,且羔羊于38 日龄断奶效果较好。     

补饲精料对乌珠穆沁羊生产性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究草颗粒和草颗粒补饲精料对乌珠穆沁羊生产性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选取20只6月龄体重为(28.83±0.19) kg乌珠穆沁羊,采用随机区组设计,随机分为2组,每组10只。设计2种日粮饲喂乌珠穆沁羊,分别为草颗粒(对照组)和草颗粒补饲精料(试验组)。结果表明:补饲精料未能显著影响羊的日增重(P>0.05),日增重分别为56.33和60.00 g。对照组和试验组的3项屠宰性能指标(宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率)、6项化学成分指标(粗蛋白、粗脂肪、有机物、干物质、钙、磷)、6项肉品质指标(pH1、pH24、大理石纹、亮度、熟肉率、剪切力)、16项脂肪酸指标和15项氨基酸指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。试验组羊4项屠宰性能指标(净肉重、净肉率、眼肌面积、GR值)、4项肉品质指标(红度、黄度、胆固醇、失水率)、6项脂肪酸指标(十三碳酸、肉豆蔻酸、珍珠酸、γ-亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸、花生酸)和3项氨基酸指标(异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、精氨酸)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组7项主要脂肪酸(丁酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻烯酸、十五碳酸、十五碳烯酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、n-6/n-3)、苏氨酸和谷氨酸显著高于试验组(P<0.05)。饲喂草颗粒补饲精料对乌珠穆沁羊生长性能影响不大;天然草地草颗粒饲喂能满足家畜营养需求,在促进乌珠穆沁羊生产性能、屠宰性能和肉品质方面具有重大潜力。     

The effects of dietary hesperidin supplementation on lamb performance and meat characteristics

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of supplementing feed with hesperidin or α‐tocopheryl acetate on lambs' growth performance, carcass and meat characteristics. Sixteen male lambs were randomly assigned to four groups. One of the groups served as control and was given a basal diet, whereas the other three groups were given the same diet further supplemented with hesperidin at 1500 mg/kg, or hesperidin at 3000 mg/kg, or α‐tocopheryl acetate at 200 mg/kg. At the end of the experiment, lambs were fasted, weighed and slaughtered. After overnight chilling, samples of Longissimus thoracis muscle were taken and were used for meat quality evaluation. No significant differences were observed in final body weight, body weight gain and organ weights among the four groups. pH, color, water‐holding capacity, shear force values and intramuscular fat concentration of Longissimus thoracis muscle were also not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. Measurement of lipid oxidation values showed that hesperidin supplementation positively influenced meat antioxidant properties during refrigerated storage.     

Analytical approach and effects of condensed tannins in carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua) on feed intake,digestive and metabolic responses of kids

There are contradicting data in the literature regarding condensed tannins content in carobs. In this study, urea (0.5 g/ml) under reflux conditions increased dramatically the yield of condensed tannins to 17% of dry matter, as compared to 3.5% in acidic methanol extraction. This shows that carob pods are rich source of nonextractable condensed tannins. The effect of PEG in diet rich in carob pods on voluntary feed intake, digestibility and growth in weaning kids was studied during 15 days of balance trials in 24 kids distributed into three dietary treatments. The corn grain and wheat bran components in the control diet (diet 1) were replaced by carob in treatments 2 and 3; treatment 3 was supplemented by 3.3% of PEG of molecular weight-4000. Food intake, diet utilization and growth rate of weaning kids fed a diet containing 52% carob pods were decreased considerably in comparison to kids fed the control commercial diet. Supplementing the kids fed the carob-based diet with PEG increased feed intake, crude protein digestibility and growth to the rate obtained with the control diet. The nutritional experiment highlights the following aspects relevant to all mammals consuming carob pods rich diets: (i) tannins increased the variability in feed intake between days, (ii) hypocholesterolemic effect of carob pods is related to lipid binding capacity of nonextractable condensed tannins in the digestive tract, (iii) supplementing high level of carob pods to animals with normal blood cholesterol level may induce hypocholesterolemia.     

信宜怀乡鸡的生长性能及部分肉质性状测定

本试验选用广东省四大名鸡之一--信宜怀乡鸡商品雏120只,分为公母2个处理组,每个处理组有4个重复,每个重复15只,进行了0～16周龄的饲养试验,旨在探讨怀乡鸡的生长性能和部分肉质性状特点.结果表明:生长性能,16周龄体重公母分别为17448和1590g,公母间体重在6周龄后一直存在显著差异(P<0.05);屠宰性状,...     

二氢吡啶对猪生长发育和肉质性能影响的研究

二氢吡啶 (Diludin)的化学名称为 2、6 -二甲基 - 3、5 -二乙酯基 - 1、4 -二氢吡啶 ,具有抗氧化、提高畜禽生产性能等多种作用 ,是一种良好的饲料添加剂 ,目前已广泛应用到畜禽生产中。我国利用二氢吡啶的研究主要集中在家禽上 ,二氢吡啶对猪生长发育的研究较少 ,对猪肉质影响的报道更少 ,为进一步探讨猪饲料中二氢吡啶的最佳添加浓度和对肉质的影响 ,进行了本次试验。1　材料和方法1 1　二氢吡啶　由北京桑普生物化学技术有限公司提供。1 2　地点和试验期　本研究在江西某猪场进行 ,试验期为 1 0 0d。1 3　试猪及分组　试验选择体重、…     

The effects of the dark house system on growth,performance and meat quality of broiler chicken

Meat production with minimum animal suffering is a humanitarian concern. Thus, the objective of this work was to observe the performance of Cobb broiler chickens from 7 to 46 days of age when raised under different installations: dark house system (DHS), conventional yellow system (CYC) and conventional blue system (CBC). The feed conversion ratio for the birds raised on the DHS was 3.8% and 2.7% lower than those for the CYC and CBC systems, respectively. Compared with the CYC and CBC systems, average daily gain under the DHS was 11.4% and 9.3% higher, respectively, and body weight at 46 days was 11.4% and 9.3% higher, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). The birds' welfare was assessed based on their stress by determining the amount of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) meat in the breast fillets. The CYC and CBC birds had 24.3% and 25.3% PSE meat, respectively, whereas the DHS birds had 37.0%. We concluded that the DHS has a greater potential to produce broiler chickens, with superior performance to conventional systems, despite the higher stress faced by the birds during the maneuvers just before slaughter.     

虾青素复合添加剂对肉鸡生长性能及肉质的影响

旨在研究饲粮中添加虾青素复合添加剂对肉鸡生长性能及鸡肉品质的影响。选用1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡500只,随机分为4组,每组设5个重复,每个重复25只鸡,其中:Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ~Ⅳ组为试验组,分别添加虾青素复合添加剂0、0.5%、1%和1.5%,试验期42 d。结果:试验Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组的平均日增重、饲料转化率显著高于对照组(P0.05),而Ⅲ和Ⅳ组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。各试验组与对照组相比,肌肉亮度(L*)、红度(a*)显著提高(P0.05),黄度(b*)、滴水损失率、蒸煮损失率和剪切力差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅲ和Ⅳ组p H24h值下降速度显著降低(P0.05)。结果提示,肉鸡饲粮中添加虾青素复合添加剂可以提高其生长性能和改善鸡肉品质,添加量以1%为宜。     

天门冬氨酸镁添加水平对肉仔鸡生长性能及肉品质的影响

试验研究天门冬氨酸镁(MgAsp)添加水平对肉仔鸡生长性能及肉品质的影响。选用240只22日龄的艾维茵肉仔鸡,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡。试验期为3周。分别添加MgAsp使镁的添加水平分别为0、0.06%、0.12%、0.20%、0.30%。结果表明,饲料中添加镁对肉仔鸡的日平均增重和料重比无显著影响(P>0.05);0.20%镁能显著改善肉质,提高胸肌蛋白和腿肌蛋白含量;降低脂肪、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白含量(P<0.05),对腿肌脂肪含量影响不显著(P>0.05)。研究结果表明,日粮中添加天门冬氨酸镁对肉仔鸡的生产性能无显著影响;添加0.20%镁水平可以显著提高鸡肉肉品质。     

The effect of including argane by-products (meal and pulp) in dairy ewe diet on milk quality and production,and lamb growth performance

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective of this work was to study the effect of the incorporation of argane by-products (meal and pulp) in ewe’s diet on the production and...     

芽孢杆菌对育肥猪生长性能和肉品质的影响

试验选择平均体重为(23.5±0.89)kg的三元商品猪75头用于评估日粮添加芽孢杆菌对生长育肥猪生长性能和肉品质的影响。共分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复5头猪。对照组饲喂两阶段(生长和育肥期)基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.015%和0.03%的芽孢杆菌。试验开展16周。结果:试验全期(0~16周)日增重和增重耗料比表现为显著线性升高(P<0.05);6周肥猪干物质消化率随日粮芽孢杆菌添加水平的升高显著线性升高(P<0.05)。0.03%芽孢杆菌组显著提高了6和16周血液葡萄糖水平(P<0.05);日粮芽孢杆菌添加水平显著线性提高16周肥猪粪中乳酸杆菌和大肠杆菌含量(P<0.05)。日粮芽孢杆菌添加水平显著线性提高了第3天猪肉感官指标、滴水损失和屠体重(P<0.05)。因此,利用芽孢杆菌作为益生菌添加到饲料中可以提高生长肥育猪的生长性能和胴体质量。     

Compensatory growth response in pigs: effects on growth performance, composition of weight gain at carcass and muscle levels, and meat quality

A restriction/realimentation feeding strategy was applied to pigs to increase the age at market weight and final ADG, modify protein and lipid deposition rates at carcass and muscle levels, and thereby improve eating quality of the pork. A total of 126 Duroc x (Large White x Landrace) pigs (females and castrated males) were used. At the average BW of 30 kg, within litter and sex, pairs of littermates (blocked by BW) were randomly assigned to ad libitum (AL) feeding during growing (30 to 70 kg of BW) and finishing (70 to 110 kg of BW) periods (AL, n = 56), or restricted feeding at 65% of the ADFI of the AL pigs, on a BW basis, during the growing period and AL feeding during finishing (compensatory growth, CG; n = 56). In each feeding regimen, 15 pigs were slaughtered at 70 kg of BW, and 41 pigs were slaughtered at 110 kg of BW. Additionally, 14 pigs were slaughtered at 30 kg of BW to calculate tissue deposition rates. The CG pigs showed decreased ADG (-35%, P = 0.001) during growing but increased ADG (+13%, P = 0.001) during finishing (i.e., compensatory growth) due to greater (P = 0.001) ADFI and G:F. Hence, CG pigs were 19 d older at 110 kg of BW than AL pigs. The CG pigs were leaner at 70 kg of BW than AL (e.g., 11.7 vs. 13.5 mm of average backfat thickness for CG and AL pigs, respectively, P = 0.023), whereas the differences were reduced at 110 kg of BW (20.6 vs. 21.0 mm of average backfat thickness for CG and AL pigs, respectively, P = 0.536). At 70 kg of BW, intramuscular fat (IMF) content of LM did not differ between CG and AL pigs (1.25 vs. 1.49%, respectively, P = 0.118), whereas CG pigs had less IMF in LM at 110 kg of BW (2.19 vs. 2.53% for CG and AL pigs, respectively, P = 0.034). Feeding regimen influenced the composition of weight gain. From 30 to 70 kg of BW, feed restriction reduced (P = 0.001) lean and adipose tissue deposition at the carcass level and protein and lipid deposition at the muscle level. From 70 to 110 kg of BW, the CG feeding strategy increased (P = 0.016) deposition of adipose but not of lean tissue at the carcass level. However, lipid and protein deposition at the muscle level were not affected. Thus, realimentation promoted deposition of subcutaneous fat over IMF. Feeding regimen hardly affected technological meat quality at 110 kg of BW. The CG feeding strategy decreased (P = 0.014) the meat juiciness score in relation to the decreased IMF but did not influence other sensory traits. Elevated IMF content and improved pork quality might be achieved by modifying the onset or duration of the restriction and realimentation periods.     

胆囊收缩素主动免疫对猪生产性能、胴体品质及肉质的影响

为了研究胆囊收缩素(CCK-8)主动免疫对猪生产性能、胴体品质、肉质的影响,将12头体重为23.2±0.3kg的长荣猪随机分为2个处理,试验组和对照组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复2头猪,其中试验组猪注射CCK-8 人血清白蛋白(HSA),对照组猪则只注射HSA,测定猪的日采食量、日增重、料重比、屠宰率、胴体斜长、背膘厚、眼肌面积、pH、肉色评分、大理石纹、失水率、肌间脂肪等指标。试验期78d。整个试验期,与对照组相比,试验组的日增重低5.53%(P>0.05),日采食量高0.6%,料重比高6.64%(P>0.05),这表明,500μgCCK-8主动免疫有降低猪整个试验期生产性能的趋势,CCK-8免疫对猪胴体品质和肉质无显著影响,但对肉质有改善的趋势。     

Influence of Juniper (Juniperus communis) oil on growth performance and meat quality as a natural antioxidant in quail diets

1. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of juniper oil on growth performance and meat quality in quails to determine its use as a safe and natural method to reduce overdependence on the use of antibiotic.

2. A total of 1000 1-d-old Pharaoh (Coturnix coturnix Pharaoh) quails, including both males and females, were divided into 4 groups containing 250 quails and treated as follows: (1) a control group with 0 mg volatile oil/kg diet; (2) 100 mg/kg juniper oil; (3) 150 mg/kg juniper oil and (4) 200 mg/kg juniper oil. The diets were prepared fresh for each treatment. The experiment was carried out for 42 d.

3. The results of the study showed that supplementation with juniper oil (100 and 150 mg/kg) caused a significant increase in live weight, live weight gain and carcass yields during the growing and finishing periods. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly influenced by treatments.

4. The quails given rations containing juniper oil had reduced thiobarbituric acid levels in raw thigh meat samples at different storage times. Juniper oil was found to have significant antioxidant activity and prevented lipid oxidation in stored meat.

5. In conclusion, natural antioxidants such as a juniper oil can be used instead of synthetic antioxidants to retard lipid oxidation in animal diets to improve meat product quality and animal performance.     

太湖鹅生长和屠宰性能以及肉品质的分析

以国家水禽种质资源基因库引进的太湖鹅为素材,对其生长、生产性能和肉品质进行研究。结果表明:7周龄前,太湖鹅体重在性别间无显著差异,7周龄后公鹅的体重显著高于母鹅的体重;公鹅的宰前活重、屠宰重、半净膛重、全净膛重、肝重、心重显著高于母鹅;母鹅胸肌嫩度显著低于公鹅,其他指标在性别间无显著差异。体重与体尺、屠宰性能、肉品质多数指标存在极显著的正相关。     

微生物发酵饲料对育肥猪生长性能及肉质的影响

为了研究乳酸菌发酵饲料对育肥猪生长性能、肉品质的影响及其机理,选择体重约80 kg的杜×长×大三元杂交生长育肥猪320头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组8个重复,每个重复20头猪,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲粮中5%的原料经乳酸菌发酵处理后再与其他原料混合;试验预试期3 d,正试期4周,在第4周结束时,每组随机抽取6头猪进行屠宰,测定屠宰性能和肉质。结果显示:与对照组相比,饲喂发酵饲料对肥育猪的干物质采食量、平均日增重和料重影响差异不显著(P0.05),猪血清中的生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子-I水平组间差异也不显著(P=0.11);试验组育肥猪的背最长肌pH_(45 min)和肉色评分显著增加(P0.05),背最长肌肉剪切力显著降低(P0.05);试验组血清谷胱甘肽还原酶活性有升高趋势(P=0.08)。结果表明:肥育猪饲料中添加5%发酵饲料原料可改善猪肉品质。     

茶饲料对猪生长性能及肉品质的研究进展

本文概述了茶叶及其加工副产物在猪饲料化利用方面的国内外研究进展,具体阐述了茶叶、茶渣、茶叶提取物以及发酵茶叶在猪饲粮中的应用效果.茶叶及其加工副产物是理想的猪饲料添加剂,是对茶资源的充分综合利用,其饲料化应用前景广阔.     

中草药提取物对育肥猪生长性能和肉质的影响

试验选择体重60kg左右的"长大"二元杂交阉公猪180头,根据"胎次一致、品种相同、体重相近"的原则,随机配对分成复方1#、复方2#、复方3#3个试验组和1个对照组。研究中草药提取物对育肥猪生产性能和肉质的影响。研究结果表明,中草药提取物组均能提高生长肥育猪的生长速度和提高饲料报酬;有效提高猪的抗病能力;可显著提高猪的胴体瘦肉率,增大眼肌面积,降低背膘厚;有效改善育肥猪肉质。     

牛至草粉对肉鸭生长性能、抗氧化、肉品质及经济效益的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加牛至草粉对1～42 d肉鸭生长性能、抗氧化和肉品质的影响.试验选择1日龄、平均体重为(48.63±0.06)g的商品肉鸭560只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复26只.对照组肉鸭饲喂基础日粮,处理1组肉鸭饲喂基础日粮+50 mg/kg抗菌肽,处理2组和处理3组分别饲喂基础日粮+20和40 mg...     

有机铬添加剂对猪生产性能和肉质的影响

长期以来,高瘦肉率、高生长速度一直是猪育种选育追求的主要目标。但随着人们生活水平的提高,消费者不仅注重瘦肉率,也注重猪肉品质。在养猪生产实践中,人们常在猪饲粮中添加某些添加剂来改善猪肉品质。近年来,国内兴起使用有机铬的热潮。一些研究表明,在猪饲粮添