辽细辛精油对淡色库蚊的杀伤作用

采用浸渍法和三角瓶法,测定了辽细辛精油对淡色库蚊幼虫的毒杀作用,对蚊成虫的熏蒸、触杀作用。结果表明,辽细辛精油对淡色库蚊幼虫有较强的毒杀作用,24h的LC50为25.047mg/L,LC90为31.994mg/L;对成虫有较好的熏蒸作用,LC50和LC90分别为69.354mg/L和140.33mg/L,KT50和KT90分别为19.329min和52.848min。     

5种不同植物提取物的驱蚊效果研究

测试不同植物的驱蚊效果,为开发高效的驱蚊产品提供理论依据。通过酒精直接浸取制作不同植物浸提液,用Y型嗅觉仪测定其对淡色库蚊的驱避效果。橄榄、薄荷、石菖蒲提取物对淡色库蚊均有较好的驱避效果,苍耳、荆芥对淡色库蚊驱避效果一般。在浓度为20%时,薄荷、石菖蒲提取物对淡色库蚊的驱避效果最佳,最高达到79.91%。薄荷、石菖蒲对淡色库蚊的驱避效果要好,有进一步开发驱蚊产品的潜力。     

八种蚊幼虫对苏云金杆菌H-14的敏感性测定

进行了苏云金杆菌H—14对我国8种重要病媒蚊种,即3株埃及伊蚊、6株白纹伊蚊、黄斑伊蚊、淡色库蚊、致倦库蚊、三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊及嗜人按蚊的幼虫的毒力测定,从24小时结果可看出,淡色库蚊最敏感,其次是白纹伊蚊的宜兴株和广东海南株,LC_(50)分别为52.5,57.0和64.5国际毒力单位/立升水,最不敏感的是嗜人按蚊和中华按蚊。对嗜人按蚊24小时LC_(50)约为48小时的5倍,别的蚊种则的为2倍。     

十种伞形科中草药乙醇提取物的杀螨活性评价

研究了蛇床子、前胡、川芎、独活、柴胡、羌活、白芷、小茴香、藁本、当归10种伞形科植物的乙醇提取物对桔全爪螨雌成螨触杀活性、杀卵活性、卵孵化干扰指数,生测试验采用叶片浸渍法。结果表明,前胡、羌活、藁本、小茴香乙醇提取物具有较高的杀螨活性,只有藁本对桔全爪螨雌成螨触杀效果、杀卵效果、卵孵化干扰指数达到最佳,值得进一步研究。此结果为进一步从伞形科植物提取、分离和筛选高活性杀螨活性成分奠定了基础。     

BsC3-41杀蚊幼制剂对蚊幼虫毒杀效果研究

通过以BsC3- 41杀蚊幼制剂对 3种蚊幼虫进行生物活性测定和野外灭蚊试验 ,结果表明 :该制剂对致乏库蚊CulexfatigansWiedemann的毒杀效果最好、对中华按蚊AnophelessinensisWiedemann次之、对白纹伊蚊AedesalbopictusSkuse的效果较差 ,2 4小时LC50值分别为 0 2 0 2 5 μg/ml、 2 5 363μg/ml和 5 9 730 2 μg/ml。野外水体灭蚊使用 3ml/m2 的浓度防治淡色库蚊效果可达 98 88%～ 1 0 0 0 0 % ,使用 1 0ml/m2 的浓度防治中华按蚊效果可达96 81 %～ 1 0 0 0 0 % ,使用 2 0 0ml/m2 的浓度防治白纹伊蚊效果达到 90 64%以上。     

肉桂醛对赤拟谷盗的熏蒸作用及对成虫保护酶活性的影响

为明确肉桂醛对赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum各发育阶段的杀虫活性及对成虫几种保护酶活性的影响, 本试验采用三角瓶密闭熏蒸法测定了肉桂醛对赤拟谷盗低龄幼虫、高龄幼虫、蛹和成虫的熏蒸作用及24 h致死中浓度熏蒸后成虫体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。结果表明, 肉桂醛的熏蒸效果与其浓度和赤拟谷盗发育阶段有关, 肉桂醛2.5 μL/L熏蒸72 h对赤拟谷盗成虫的熏蒸效果最好, 幼虫次之。在24 h致死中浓度处理下, 赤拟谷盗成虫体内SOD、POD、CAT活性分别在48、12 h和36 h达到最高, 其活性分别为对照的2.70、1.03倍和1.96倍。随着熏蒸时间的延长, 成虫POD活性在处理36 h后低于对照, SOD、CAT活性分别在处理36~60 h和24~48 h显著高于对照。综上所述, 经肉桂醛熏蒸处理后, 赤拟谷盗成虫体内动态平衡受到破坏, 进而产生毒害作用。因此, 肉桂醛对赤拟谷盗的生物防治有较高的应用价值。     

苏云金杆菌对棉铃虫后效作用研究

以低剂量苏云金杆菌（ＢａｃｉｌｌｕｓｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓＶａｒ．ｈｕｒｓｔａｋｊ）饲喂棉铃虫（ＨｅｌｉｏｔｈｉｓａｒｍｉｇｅｒａＨｕｂｎｅｒ）三龄幼虫和成虫，结果发现Ｂ．ｔ．以幼虫及成虫存在明显后效作用，即幼虫和成虫的生长，发育，繁殖受到明显抑制。     

球形芽孢杆菌TS—1野外水体灭蚊幼试验

利用球形芽孢杆菌TS—1水悬剂在野外水体连续8年灭蚊幼虫。试验表明:使用1—15ppm浓度,每毫升含菌量10~3—10~4,24小时后,防治淡色库蚊幼虫效果90％以上;对凶小库蚊幼虫可达48—94％。使用浓度在10ppm以内时,有效期5～7天,残效与投药浓度成正比。多次坑沟水体7280m~3试验,TS—1灭蚊效果好,对水生生物无不良影响,     

三种植物精油对致倦库蚊成蚊的熏蒸活性及其混配增效作用

研究了香樟叶、香樟果实、天竺桂叶的水蒸气蒸馏精油对致倦库蚊Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus成蚊的熏蒸活性及其混配增效作用。结果表明:用香樟叶、香樟果实和天竺桂叶精油对致倦库蚊熏蒸20 min后,其24 h的LC50值分别为7.47、4.92和5.70μg/cm3;在设定的熏蒸剂量下,3种精油的半数击倒时间(KT50值)分别为16.62、15.91和16.98 min。将香樟叶精油与天竺桂叶精油以体积比1∶9、3∶7和5∶5混配,其共毒系数分别为152.09、158.20和152.86;将香樟果实精油与天竺桂叶精油以体积比1∶9、5∶5和7:3混配,其共毒系数分别为145.73、146.30和139.79。表明3种植物精油均对致倦库蚊成蚊具有显著的熏蒸活性,将其以适当比例混配后具有增效作用。     

福建柏精油对蚊虫的生物活性

为筛选环保型植物源灭蚊剂,从福建柏Fokienia hodginsii叶中提取精油,采用浸液法测试了该精油对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus和致倦库蚊Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus IV龄幼虫和蛹的毒杀作用,采用密闭圆筒法研究了该精油对2种蚊虫成蚊的熏蒸活性,并用气相色谱-质谱联用法对其化学成分进行了检测。结果表明:福建柏精油对白纹伊蚊IV龄幼虫和蛹的LC50值分别为53.21和144.34μg/mL,对致倦库蚊分别为55.85和147.68μg/mL;在4.36μg/cm3熏蒸剂量下,该精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊成蚊的KT50值分别为14.63和14.90 min,24 h校正死亡率均为90.00%。从福建柏精油中共检测出16种主要化学成分:其中相对含量最高的为α-蒎烯(α-pinene),为29.25%;其次是马鞭烯醇(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-3-en-2-ol)10.88%和氧化石竹烯(caryophyllene oxide)9.64%等。研究结果表明,福建柏精油对2种供试蚊虫具有显著的杀虫活性。     

Larvicidal activity of Kaempferia galanga rhizome phenylpropanoids towards three mosquito species

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed at assessing the toxicity of ethyl cinnamate and ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EMC) identified in Kaempferia galangal L. (Zingiberaceae) rhizome and another 12 known compounds to third-instar larvae from laboratory-reared Culex pipiens pallens Forskal, Aedes aegypti L. and Ochlerotatus togoi Theobald and field-collected C. pipiens pallens (Jinhae colony). Results were compared with those for fenthion and temephos. RESULTS: Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate was the most toxic of the test compounds to larvae of the three mosquito species (LC(50) 12.3-20.7 mg L(-1)) but less toxic than either fenthion (0.0096-0.021 mg L(-1)) or temephos (0.0039-0.0079 mg L(-1)). Ethyl cinnamate and 3-carene were highly active against C. pipiens pallens larvae (24.1 and 21.6 mg L(-1)) but less toxic to A. aegypti and O. togoi larvae (ca 40 and 60 mg L(-1) respectively). The toxicity of these compounds to larvae from the Jinhae colony of C. pipiens pallens was almost the same as their toxicity to the laboratory-reared larvae, although the larvae from the colony exhibited low levels of resistance to fenthion (resistance ratio 9.1) and temephos (5.8).CONCLUSION: Kaempferia galanga rhizome-derived materials, particularly ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, merit further study as potential mosquito control agents for protection of humans and domestic animals from vector-borne diseases and nuisance caused by mosquitoes.     

Repellency and toxicity of aromatic plant extracts against the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus (Diptera: Culicidae)

The insecticidal activities of essential oil extracts from leaves, flowers and roots of aromatic plants against fourth-instar larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus Forskal were determined. Extracts of Foeniculum vulgare Mill were the most toxic, followed by those of Ferula hermonis Boiss, Citrus sinensis Osbeck, Pinus pinea L, Laurus nobilis L and Eucalyptus spp with LC50 values of 24.5, 44.0, 60.0, 75.0, 117.0 and 120.0 mg litre(-1), respectively. Combination tests between the LC50 and the maximum sub-lethal concentration (MSLC) were determined. Over 20 major components were identified in extracts from each plant species tested. Five essential oils and nine pure components were studied for their repellency against mosquito bites. Terpineol and 1,8-cineole were the most effective against Culex pipiens molestus bites offering complete protection for 1.6 and 2 h, respectively.     

Insecticidal properties of essential plant oils against the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus (Diptera: Culicidae)

The insecticidal activities of essential oil extracts from leaves and flowers of aromatic plants against fourth-instar larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus Forskal were determined. Extracts of Myrtus communis L were found to be the most toxic, followed by those of Origanum syriacum L, Mentha microcorphylla Koch, Pistacia lentiscus L and Lavandula stoechas L with LC50 values of 16, 36, 39, 70 and 89 mg litre-1, respectively. Over 20 major components were identified in extracts from each plant species. Eight pure components (1,8-cineole, menthone, linalool, terpineol, carvacrol, thymol, (1S)-(-)-alpha-pinene and (1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene) were tested against the larvae. Thymol, carvacrol, (1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene and (1S)-(-)-alpha-pinene were the most toxic (LC50 = 36-49 mg litre-1), while menthone, 1,8-cineole, linalool and terpineol (LC50 = 156-194 mg litre-1) were less toxic.     

细辛醚对家蝇和淡色库蚊的生物活性

为了进一步确定细辛醚的作用谱和作用方式,测定了其对家蝇和淡色库蚊的触杀、熏蒸和忌避活性。结果表明:细辛醚对家蝇4 h的触杀LD50值为3.45 μg/头;对家蝇、淡色库蚊4 h的熏蒸LC50值分别为5.77和4.24 μL/L;对两者在LC80剂量下熏蒸处理的击倒中时(KT50)值分别为11.64和4.80 min;在1 mg/mL的浓度下,对家蝇的忌避率为81.82%。中毒家蝇依次表现出兴奋、痉挛、麻痹和死亡等症状。     

雷公藤根皮提取物对茭白二化螟的生物活性

研究了雷公藤根皮乙醇提取物对茭白二化螟的生物活性 ,结果表明 ,提取物对二化螟幼虫有较强的拒食作用、生长发育抑制作用、毒杀作用和内吸毒力。对 2龄 1日幼虫选择性与非选择性的拒食中浓度 (AFC₅₀)分别为111.57μg/mL和 144.28μg/mL ,生长发育的抑制中浓度 (EC₅₀)为 134.39μg/mL。内吸毒杀作用在 1600μg/mL浓度下能达到 90%以上 ,胃毒作用在 800μg/mL下 ,处理 5d后的死亡率为 73.71% ,对二化螟蚁螟的触杀作用不明显 ,对天敌螟黄足绒茧蜂安全。     

球形芽孢杆菌Ts—1对十种蚊幼虫毒效测定

用球形芽孢杆菌Ts—1冻干菌粉,对国内10种蚊幼虫生物测定的结果表明,不同蚊种之间敏感性有很大差异。库蚊属蚊虫(特别是淡色库蚊和致倦库蚊)对Ts—1敏感性很高,按蚊其次,而伊蚊属除东乡伊蚊外对Ts—1均不敏感。此外,同一蚊种不同地理株之间,对Ts一1的敏感性也有显著差异。     

苏云金杆菌Bt-59菌株Cry/Cyt毒素蛋白鉴定及杀虫活性

苏云金杆菌以色列亚种（Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.israelensis，Bti）是防治蚊幼虫的重要病原细菌，不同菌株间毒素蛋白种类和分布不尽相同。本研究利用苏云金杆菌以色列亚种Bt-59菌株的全基因组数据，对潜在的毒素基因种类、分布及菌株杀虫活性进行了分析。结果表明，Bt-59菌株除了含有Bti标准菌株主要毒素基因外，还含有Cry4-like基因，且Cry10Aa和Cyt1Ca基因在质粒4上发生了易位。质粒5上的Cry60Aa和Cry60Ba基因编码的毒素蛋白含有ETX_MTX2结构域，并与苏云金杆菌jegathesan亚种的同源蛋白一致性为100%。Cyt1Ca蛋白除了含有Bac_thur_toxin结构域外，还含有2个串联的RicinB_lectin_2结构域。菌株Bt-59对蚊幼虫具有较高的杀虫活性，对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus和淡色库蚊Culex pipiens pallens的LC₅₀分别为1.239 μL/L和0.341 μL/L。研究结果明确了菌株Bt-59毒素蛋白的种类和特征，为菌株遗传改良提供理论基础。     

满江红对蚊虫孳生影响的实验室研究

本实验表明,水面完全覆盖满江红能阻止凶小库蚊、淡色库蚊、致倦库蚊在其中产卵,即便1/2—2/3水面覆盖满江红也可明显减少雌蚊在其中产卵,但这对中华按蚊产卵的影响不明显。水面完全覆盖满江红对后者4龄幼虫和蛹的发育羽化则有显著的不利影响。不少国家在稻田放养满江红作为改良土壤的有机肥源,因而它有可能利用为防治稻田蚊幼孳生的措施之一。