交感神经阻断小鼠妊娠早期子宫内肥大细胞的分布

为了研究交感神经对哺乳动物早期胚胎发育的影响机制,通过腹腔注射6-羟多巴胺使交感神经阻断后,观察了小鼠妊娠前期胚胎早期发育和肥大细胞数量和型别的变化。结果显示,交感神经阻断后,不仅对胚胎早期发育有影响,使胚胎着床数降低64.4%,而且影响子宫内肥大细胞的数量及其型别分布。妊娠4d(E4)时肥大细胞数量明显升高(P<0.01),同时肥大细胞分型也有所变化,即黏膜型肥大细胞主要存在于胚胎着床前和着床后,结缔组织型肥大细胞没有明显差异,混合型肥大细胞主要存在于着床期间。这一结果表明,妊娠早期子宫肥大细胞数量与型别的变化可能是交感神经影响早期胚胎发育的途径之一。     

交感神经对小鼠妊娠早期血清中性激素的影响

本文运用交感神经阻断剂6-OHDA(100 mg/kg体重)腹腔注射昆明系小鼠,研究交感神经对妊娠早期外周血清性激素水平的影响.结果显示:交感神经损毁后,妊娠早期外周血清中雌二醇浓度着床前(E3)升高明显,着床期下降;血清中孕酮浓度着床前升高,着床后降低.结论:交感神经通过调控妊娠早期外周血性激素的生理水平,从而维持妊娠的发生,促进妊娠早期胚胎发育.     

阻断交感神经对小鼠子宫局部免疫、胚胎植入及早期发育的影响

试验采用6-OHDA阻断支配子宫的交感神经,研究阻断交感神经后子宫局部免疫水平的变化,探讨子宫交感神经通过调节子宫局部免疫水平来调控胚胎前期发育的作用。     

阻断交感神经对小鼠子宫局部免疫、胚胎植入及早期发育的影响

试验采用6-OHDA阻断支配子宫的交感神经,研究阻断交感神经后子宫局部免疫水平的变化,探讨子宫交感神经通过调节子宫局部免疫水平来调控胚胎前期发育的作用。     

乌骨鸡早期胚胎发育的研究

在鸡产蛋后，不同时间获取受精卵，观察早期胚胎发育变化规律，依据胚盘形态的变化，可将鸡胚在体内发育过程分为两个时期：（1）距前一个蛋产出后5.5h(0-1h子宫龄）至15.5h(10-10.5h子宫龄）为鸡胚的卵裂期，卵裂的结果形成厚约6－7层细胞的胚盘。（2）距前一个蛋产出后17.5h（12－12.5h子宫龄）至明区形成期，即鸟类的囊胚期晚期，结果在胚盘中央形成透明的明区和周围不透明的暗区。乌果骨受精卵第一次分裂发生在产蛋后5h（0－0.5h子宫龄），桑椹期在产蛋后11.5h(6-6.5h子宫岭），囊胚期在产蛋后15.5h(10-10.5h子宫龄）。     

DNA甲基化对早期胚胎发育的影响

综合分析了DNA甲基化的表观遗传特征,结合DNA甲基化在不同物种、不同发育阶段胚胎中的调控模式,以期从早期胚胎死亡角度揭示DNA甲基化作用对胚胎早期发育基因的表达调控作用,进而阐明胚胎发育过程中的表观遗传调控机制。     

交感神经对妊娠早期小鼠子宫内膜发育的影响

为了研究交感神经对小鼠妊娠早期(妊娠第1～9天)子宫内膜发育的影响,本试验采用交感神经阻断剂6-羟多巴胺(6-OHDA,100 mg·kg~(-1)体质量)腹腔注射成年雌性昆明小白鼠,损毁外周交感神经.利用放射免疫分析法、组织学和免疫组织化学技术,检测了小鼠妊娠早期血清17β-雌二醇水平、子宫腺发育和子宫内膜细胞增殖的变化.结果显示:(1)在妊娠第1天(E1)、E5和E7 6-OHDA处理组血清中17β-雌二醇的含量分别降低了63.4%(P<0.01)、35.7%(P<0.05)和25.5%(P<0.05),而在E3和E9分别升高了79.3%(P<0.05)和156.7%(P<0.01);(2)6-OHDA处理降低了妊娠早期子宫腺的比例,与同期对照组相比分别下降了37.5%、38.6%、41.8%、61.4%和58.1%(P<0.01);(3)6-OHDA处理降低了妊娠早期子宫内膜细胞的增殖,使E1、E3、E5、E7和E9子宫内膜增殖细胞分别减少了27.2%、30.2%、40.7%、27.2%和27.7%(P<0.01).上述结果表明,交感神经对雌激素的分泌以及妊娠早期子宫组织结构的重建具有重要的调控作用,进而调节动物早期胚胎的着床和发育.     

牛早期胚胎发育影响因子研究进展

早期胚胎的死亡给畜牧业的发展带来了巨大的经济损失,本文分析了影响牛早期胚胎发育的诸多因素,阐述了黄体功能对早期胚胎发育的影响,指出生长因子和细胞因子可能是非人为因素中早期影响胚胎发育的最重要的因素。     

家兔超数排卵与早期胚胎发育研究

为了提高家兔繁殖力,使用不同剂量的FSH对家兔进行了超数排卵研究,结果表明：采用高剂量FSH处理母兔的平均排卵点数与平均卵泡发育数显著（P〈0.05）高于低剂量FSH组,两种处理方法的平均卵泡囊肿数与平均卵泡数则差异不显著（P〉0.05）。家兔早期胚胎发育观察结果表明：母兔交配后24h采胚所获取的胚胎大多处于1细胞期,交配后30h胚胎多处于2细胞期,交配后35h胚胎多处于4细胞期。采用52IU FSH进行超数排卵处理,对家兔的胚胎发育无影响。     

家兔超数排卵与早期胚胎发育研究

为了提高家兔繁殖力,使用不同剂量的FSH对家兔进行了超数排卵研究,结果表明:采用高剂量FSH处理母兔的平均排卵点数与平均卵泡发育数显著(P＜0.05)高于低剂量FSH组,两种处理方法的平均卵泡囊肿数与平均卵泡数则差异不显著(P＞0.05).家兔早期胚胎发育观察结果表明:母兔交配后24 h采胚所获取的胚胎大多处于1细胞期...     

Effect of trypsin in semen on in vivo fertilization and early embryonic development in superovulated heifers

The effect of trypsin on the fertilizing capacity of bull semen was investigated as part of the evaluation of the addition of trypsin to semen as a method for destroying or inactivating infectious agents. Parts of the ejaculates from four bulls were treated with 0.3% trypsin solution. Both the treated and untreated aliquots of semen were frozen, thawed and used for the artificial insemination of superovulated heifers. Two hundred and thirty ova and embryos were collected from 22 heifers on day 7 after oestrus (insemination). One hundred and ten out of 164 (67%) embryos and ova from 15 heifers inseminated with trypsin-treated semen were classified as of transferable quality compared to 46 out of 66 (70%) in the control group of 7 heifers (p>0.05). There was no difference in the proportion of fertilized ova or degenerated embryos resulting from the control or trypsin-treated samples of frozen-thawed semen, which is consistent with results obtained previously using fresh semen.     

Effects of resveratrol on in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes and subsequent early embryonic development following somatic cell nuclear transfer

As a natural plant‐derived antitoxin, resveratrol possesses several pharmacological activities. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol addition on nuclear maturation, oocyte quality during in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes and subsequent early embryonic development following somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Our experiments showed that the treatment of porcine oocytes with 5 µM resveratrol during IVM resulted in the highest rate of the first polar body extrusion. Treatment of oocytes with resveratrol had no influence on cytoskeletal dynamics, whereas it significantly increased glucose uptake ability compared to the control oocytes. Oocytes matured with 5 μM resveratrol displayed significantly lower intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and higher relative mRNA expression levels of the genes encoding such antioxidant enzymes as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). In addition, resveratrol also prevented onset and progression of programmed cell death in porcine oocytes, which was confirmed by significant upregulation of the anti‐apoptotic B‐cell lymphoma 2 (BCL‐2) gene and significant downregulation of the pro‐apoptotic BCL2‐associated X (BAX) gene. Furthermore, the blastocyst rates and the blastocyst cell numbers in cloned embryos derived from the oocytes that had matured in the presence of 5 μM resveratrol were significantly increased. In conclusion, supplementation of IVM medium with 5 μM resveratrol improves the quality of porcine oocytes by protecting them from oxidative damage and apoptosis, which leads to the production of meiotically matured oocytes exhibiting enhanced developmental potential following SCNT.     

降钙素基因相关肽在鸭腔上囊胚胎及胚后发育过程中的表达

应用免疫组织化学技术研究降钙素基因相关肽在鸭腔上囊胚胎及胚后发育过程中的表达特征.结果显示,降钙素基因相关肽强阳性细胞出现于20 d胚龄至胚后14周龄的滤泡间上皮,20 d胚龄至胚后17周龄的小结相关上皮,新生雏至胚后14周龄的滤泡皮质,24 d胚龄至胚后14周龄的滤泡髓质,20 d胚龄至胚后14周龄的肌层和小动脉平滑肌.结果说明,降钙素基因相关肽表达于鸭腔上囊的不同部位及不同发育阶段;在腔上囊退化期,降钙素基因相关肽的表达表现出明显的变化特征,这可能是导致腔上囊退化的原因之一;滤泡间上皮与小结相关上皮在神经肽表达方面存在差异.     

阴道涂片法对母犬发情鉴定的应用研究

母犬的排卵时间变化范围较大,目前许多宠物犬主很难确定准确的配种时间,其结果往往延误适时交配。由于阴道上皮的变化是由于生殖激素,特别是雌激素的作用引起的,这种变化可以在阴道涂片上的细胞中表现出来。通过试验摸索自然发情母犬阴道角质化上皮细胞的变化规律,以进一步搞清母犬理想的交配时间。结果表明,大部分自然发情的母犬在阴道排血后第9～13天,角质化上皮细胞比例超过80%,阴道粘膜的浮冰样堆积明显。因此,根据阴道细胞学检查结果,可辅助确定母犬发情的配种时间。     

交感神经对小鼠脾脏中淋巴细胞转化率的影响

神经、内分泌、免疫诸系统间存在着相互作用,这是近30年来新兴的神经免疫学中主要的研究成果。交感神经及其递质去甲肾上腺素(NE)在体内和体外条件下对免疫细胞功能的调节作用是神经免疫学中研究最早、报道最多的内容之一。脾脏中T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞转化率分别代表了机体的细胞免疫和体液免疫,但是,对于外周交感神经损毁后,脾脏中淋巴细胞转化率的影响还未见报道。因此,本研究利用6-OHDA损毁小鼠交感神经模型,检测了脾脏中不同浓度ConA诱导的T淋巴细胞转化率,不同浓度LPS诱导的B淋巴细胞转化率,以探讨交感神经对机体免疫状态的影响…     

Storage of hatching eggs: The effect on early embryonic development

1. Embryos of eggs incubated for 42 h after storage for 7 or 14 d were retarded by 5.3 and 12.2 h, respectively, compared with those of non‐stored incubated eggs.

2. This was not due entirely to a delay in the initiation of embryonic development; the rate of development during the first 2 d of incubation was significantly lower in eggs stored for 14 d than in non‐stored eggs.

3. There was no correlation between the developmental age of an embryo after any specified incubation time and either the original weight of the egg or the weight loss during storage.

4. The incidence of dead and malformed embryos increased progressively with the duration of storage.     

The effect of colostrum ingestion during the first 24 hours of life on early postnatal development of piglet immune systems

It has been suggested that colostrum is important not only for direct protection from pathogens but also for proper development of immune systems in piglets. In this study, we focused on the effect of colostrum ingestion during the first 24 h of life on early postnatal development of piglet immune systems. Thirty‐six piglets from five litters were divided into colostrum‐fed (CoF) and colostrum‐deprived (CoD) groups. The former group was allowed to suckle normally while formula milk was fed to the latter group during the first 24 h of life. At the weaning period, the concentrations of fecal immunoglobulin (Ig) A and plasma IgG as well as the number of blood leukocyte subsets were analyzed. Fecal IgA and plasma IgG concentrations in the CoF group were more than twice as high as those in the CoD group (P < 0.01). In addition, the number of blood B cells was significantly higher in the CoF group than that in the CoD group (P < 0.05). This study demonstrates that colostrum ingestion during the first 24 h plays a significant role in early postnatal development of both mucosal and systemic immunity of piglets.     

氨基酸对猪卵母细胞成熟及重构胚发育的影响

本研究旨在对比必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及重构胚发育的影响。在卵母细胞成熟培养液或重构胚培养液中分别添加1%的必需氨基酸或1%非必需氨基酸或同时添加2种氨基酸,无氨基酸组作为对照,分别统计卵母细胞成熟率和囊胚率。结果表明,在成熟培养液中添加非必需氨基酸组的卵母细胞成熟率为83.0%,显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);而在重构胚培养过程中,与对照组相比,非必需氨基酸组的囊胚率最高为20.3%(P<0.05),另外2组的囊胚率下降(P<0.05)。在卵母细胞成熟过程中添加2类氨基酸均能提高成熟率,但只有非必需氨基酸能够促进重构胚的发育。     

2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-对-二噁英对鱼类胚胎发育影响的研究进展

二噁英(dioxin)所以被称为"世纪之毒",因之是危害极大的环境激素,致畸、致癌和突变性强,可通过食物链富集进入鱼、人和其他动物体内,并在脂肪中积蓄,对机体健康构成严重威胁。其中尤以2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-对-二噁英(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,TCDD)的毒性最强,引起了全球的高度关注。文中着重综述TCDD对鱼类胚胎发育的影响、机理及目前预防TCDD对鱼类胚胎发育影响的研究进展,旨在更好地为研究TCDD对鱼类胚胎发育的影响、机理及预防措施提供参考。