德荷杂交犬与史宾格犬搜索速度的比较研究

本文以德荷杂交犬作为主要的研究对象,通过其与史宾格犬搜索速度进行比较分析,可以进一步研究德荷杂交犬的搜索能力,是否可以进行搜索方面的训练以及作业.     

The effect of speed and gradient on hyperextension of the equine carpus

The equine carpus has a well-defined limit to joint extension at approximately 180 degrees . During locomotion however, the carpus hyperextends during stance phase. Hyperextension is resisted by the carpal bones and ligaments, and it has been proposed that large increased hyperextension might relate to potentially damaging stress levels in the carpus. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between peak hyperextension of the carpus (PCE) and speed during locomotion on the level and on an incline. Five Thoroughbred horses were exercised on a treadmill at speeds between 1.8 and 10 m/s at 0% and +7.5% gradients. PCE was obtained using optical motion capture and linear regression used to describe the relationship between PCE and speed on each gradient. PCE increased linearly with speed during locomotion. The rate of increase was greater on a +7.5% gradient. The fit of the regression equations was increased considerably by subtracting standing carpal angle from PCE during locomotion.     

如何加快奶牛品种登记工作发展

品种登记,是由专门的机构或牧场依据系谱资料,将符合品种标准的奶牛登记在册或录入特定的计算机数据管理系统中,它是开展奶牛生产性能测定、线性鉴定、育种及品种改良的一项前提基础性工作.其登记目的在于确保该品种奶牛血统稳定一致的前提下,促使生产管理者在饲养优良奶牛品种的同时,完善和保存相关信息资料和记录,以作为育种及品种遗传改良工作的依据.     

提高蚕桑经济效益 促进蚕桑快速发展

浙江省组织实施的"蚕桑西进工程"已于去年9月吹响了号角,这对作为蚕桑西进的重点县--淳安来讲是一次极好的发展机遇.面对机遇,该如何把握?笔者认为进一步提高蚕桑经济效益是促进蚕桑持续快速发展的关键.如果蚕桑经济效益上不去,即使一时发展了也不能长久.惟有提高蚕桑的比较效益,淳安的蚕桑生产才能持续健康发展.在今后蚕桑发展过程中,我们必须按照<浙江省蚕桑西进发展规划(2003～2004年)>、<淳安县蚕桑发展规划(2003～2007年)>指导我县今后蚕桑生产的发展.     

Accuracy of the TurfTrax Racing Data System for determination of equine speed and position

Reasons for performing study: The speed and position data collected by TurfTrax Racing Data Limited during UK Thoroughbred racing have potential to benefit equine science and welfare. The size (the 2006 data set alone consists of 30,932 individual horse starts across 2667 races) and nature (speed and 2D position for each horse at 4 updates per second) of the data make it a unique resource for questions in equine safety, welfare, performance, and animal locomotion. Objective: To determine the accuracy of the TurfTrax tracking system in estimating the speed and position of horses during racing. Methods: Measurements from the TurfTrax wireless tracking system were compared with those of a survey‐grade global positioning system (GPS) receiver. Results: The TurfTrax system was found to give position measurements to within ± 11 and ± 64 cm in the fore‐aft and lateral directions, respectively, averaging ± 38 cm (interquartile range) and speed to within 0.15 m/s. Potential relevance: The data collected by the TurfTrax system are of sufficient accuracy to inform new diagnoses, training regimens and basic locomotor scientific studies. The position data can provide the precise distance, going, inclination, rate of turn and pack positioning through which each horse has raced. The speed profile can be used to examine the level of exertion, effect of training regimens and influence of racecourse features on performance. A first clinical application would be to analyse retrospectively these factors on occurrence of injury to compare with past training regimens, levels of exertion, and/or racecourse conditions.     

依法管理促进发展《饲料和饲料添加剂管理条例》颁行五年回顾

一、饲料工业行业管理的新起点 1999年5月29日,国务院颁布了《饲料和饲料添加剂管理条例》(以下简称《条例》),将我国饲料工业纳入了法制管理的轨道。这是我国饲料工业发展史上的新起点和里程碑。《条例》是在我国     

变频风机纵向通风在冬季无窗密闭式兔舍中的保温和通风效果研究

对变频风机纵向通风系统在青岛无窗密闭式兔舍冬季的保温和通风效果进行了研究。结果表明:在舍外日平均温度-23℃、日最低温度-29℃时,繁殖兔舍和商品兔舍内日平均温度分别为104℃和80℃,日最低温度分别为95℃和72℃,CO_2浓度分别为016%和015%,NH_3浓度分别为688 mg/m3和608 mg/m~3;两栋兔舍内温湿度和有害气体浓度分布均匀,气流组织良好,舍内进风端的温度较舍外分别提升了73℃和64℃;舍内CO_2和NH_3浓度随通风量升高而明显降低(P001),NH_3浓度随通风量增加而降低的趋势较CO_2平缓,NH_3浓度变化呈现明显的滞后。试验期间繁殖母兔发情率(933%)、受胎率(940%)、产仔率(870%)和窝产仔数(81只)均达到较高水平。结论:在冬季气候较为温和的青岛地区,湿帘-风机纵向通风系统的进风口导流改造和采用变频风机调节换气量,可有效缓解冬季进风端温度过低问题,温湿度和气流分布均匀,兔舍空气质量良好。     

加快研究并建立起我国饲料质量安全追溯管理系统

饲料安全就是食品安全的意识已经得到全社会的认同，质量追踪或追溯的概念成为人们谈论的焦点，“从产地到餐桌”的饲料质量安全全程追溯管理系统的建立；降是解决我国饲料质量安全，保证向社会提供优质安全的畜产品的重要途径之一。     

Genetic associations between flight speed and growth traits in Nellore cattle

The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters for flight speed and its association with growth traits in Nellore beef cattle. The flight speed (FS) of 7,402 yearling animals was measured, using a device composed of a pair of photoelectric cells. Time interval data (s) were converted to speed (m/s) and faster animals were regarded as more reactive. The growth traits analyzed were weaning weight (WW), ADG from weaning to yearling age, and yearling scrotal circumference (SC). The (co)variance components were estimated using REML in a multitrait analysis applying an animal model. The model included random direct additive genetic and residual effects, fixed effects of contemporary groups, age of dam (classes), and age of animal as covariable. For WW, the model also included maternal genetic and permanent environmental random effects. The direct heritability estimate for FS was 0.26 ± 0.05 and direct heritability estimates for WW, SC, and ADG were 0.30 ± 0.01, 0.48 ± 0.02, and 0.19 ± 0.01, respectively. Estimates of the genetic correlation between FS and the growth traits were -0.12 ± 0.07 (WW), -0.13 ± 0.08 (ADG), and -0.11 ± 0.07 (SC). Although the values were low, these correlations showed that animals with better temperaments (slower FS) tended to present better performance. It is possible to infer that longterm selection for weight and scrotal circumference can promote a positive genetic response in the temperament of animals. Nevertheless, to obtain faster genetic progress in temperament, it would be necessary to perform direct selection for such trait. Flight speed is an easily measured indicator of temperament and can be included as a selection criterion in breeding programs for Nellore cattle.     

积极推广人工授精,加速牛的杂交改良进程

今年自治区九届人民代表大会强调实施良种工程 ,要加快发展草食动物 ,切实抓好一批奶牛示范基地建设 ,努力把我区水产畜牧业发展为大的优势产业。加强品种改良进程 ,2 0 0 2年要发展改良型奶水牛 2万头。自治区政府孙瑜副主席在今年 2月 2 3日召开的全区水产畜牧工作会议上强调品种改良 ,要搞人工授精。自治区水产畜牧局陈荣贵局长提出今年全区牛改1 6万头的任务。可见牛的品种改良已真正纳入了政府工作日程 ,形势喜人 ,形势逼人。1　大力开展牛品种改良时机已经成熟1 .1　牛肉、牛奶市场上供不应求随着人民生活水平的提高 ,从吃得饱发展到…     

Genotypic differences in speed and magnitude of response to ahemeral lighting

1. The paper compares between three genetically different lines in their egg weight and shell thickness response to a 28‐h cycle.

2. The response in shell thickness to ahemeral lighting was more rapid (2.2 d) than for egg weight (4.2 d).

3. Differences between genotypes were evident in both the speed and magnitude of response.

4. Overall, egg weight and shell thickness on the 28‐h cycle were 7% and 8% greater than on 24 h.

5. The allometric increase indicates that the increase in shell weight was on average 14% more than the increase in egg weight.     

速度赛马粪便微生物种群差异的研究

为筛选提高赛马竞技成绩的有益微生物,试验比较现役纯血速度赛马粪便微生物群落多样性及丰度差异.选择休赛一周的现役纯血马9匹,按比赛成绩分为A (16.8 m/s)、B(16.4 m/s)、C(16.3m/s)3组.收集新鲜粪便样本,提取粪便样本菌群DNA,对微生物16S rDNA的V3～V4区序列Illumina测序.结...     

The effects of treadmill inclination and speed on the activity of three trunk muscles in the trotting horse

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of speed and slope on the activity of trunk muscles. The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the splenius (Sp), longissimus dorsi (LD) and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles was recorded with surface electrodes during treadmill locomotion at trot for different combinations of speed (3.5 to 6 m/s) and slope (0 to 6%). Raw EMG signals were processed to determine activity duration, onset and end and integrated EMG (IEMG). For the 3 muscles investigated, onset and end of activity were obtained earlier in the stride cycle when speed increased. A longer duration of activity for the LD, a shorter duration for the RA and an unchanged duration for the Sp were also observed. The IEMG of the latter was poorly affected by speed, whereas it increased linearly with speed for the 2 other muscles. When treadmill inclination changed from 0 to 6%, EMG activity of the LD and RA began and ended later; a longer activity duration was noted. Temporal parameters for Sp did not change with slope. A significant and progressive increase in the IEMG of the 3 muscles was observed with increasing slope. This evaluation of the activity of trunk muscles provides objective data for the use of speed or slope in training programmes.