紫金山有害生物监测、预报现状及体系建设探讨

为培育紫金山健康森林,建立了有害生物监测网络,完成了动植物本底调查;查明了鳞翅目昆虫群落结构及时空动态,汇总了本地和全省鳞翅目历史危害种类;建立了鳞翅目有害生物监测模型并对不同植被类型鳞翅目有害生物进行了风险分析和预测;并对监测预报体系建设进行了探讨.     

花团锦簇

从2001年到2007年,北京市政府大力加强城市园林绿化工作。城市园林绿地增加了1万公顷,树木增加了2271万株,草坪增加了4653万平方米,大大改善了市区的生态环境,使市民亲身感受到了绿色奥运带来的实惠。城市增添了绿色,市民增加了氧吧。     

杨树地膜覆盖法育苗技术试验

地膜覆盖育苗法有效提高了杨树育苗扦插成活率,延长了苗木生长周期,增加了生长量,提高了苗木质量,做到了当年育苗当年出圃,降低了育苗成本。     

改革促进林农富 林权管理需深化

林权管理制度改革破解了制约集体林业发展的体制性障碍,林业发展活力明显增强。一是充分激发了农民造林、育林、护林的积极性,推动了生态建设和保护;二是解放和发展了林业生产力,发挥了林地资源的潜力,促进了农民的增收致富;     

让林农找回失落的希望

林改使红河州山区农民重新找回了曾经失落的希望,广大群众植树造林的热情高涨了,管护山林的意识增强了,依靠山林致富的愿望强烈了。     

陕西省林学会召开第十次会员代表大会

陕西省林学会第十次会员代表大会2月23日在西安召开。中国林学会、省科协、省民间组织管理局领导参加了会议并作了讲话。会议听取并通过了上届理事会代理事长高永民作的题为《深化改革开拓刨新努力开刨学会工作的新局面》的工作报告;表决通过了《陕西省林学会章程》部分条文修正案;选举产生了新一届理事会理事、理事长、副理事长、秘书长,新当选的理事长郝福财即席作了就职答谢发言。张社年厅长参加了会议并作了重要讲话。     

鄂赣地区竹林土壤与植物营养特性及其信息化管理技术

文章介绍了作者近年来在鄂赣地区进行的竹林土壤与植物营养特性及其信息化管理技术研究的成果:初步摸清了湖北、江西2省竹类主产区竹林生长和养分管理现状,明确了存在的问题;系统研究了湖北、江西2省竹类主产区土壤营养状况;建立了毛竹林土壤养分丰缺指标和叶片营养诊断指标;摸清了毛竹主产区土壤养分限制因子;提出了较适宜的毛竹叶片营养诊断技术;系统开展了毛竹林土壤养分空间变异特性的研究,提出了湖北、江西2省竹类主产区竹林全营养优化施肥配方和配套施肥技术;建立了毛竹林优化施肥的计算机管理系统。     

黔南州公益林管理现状浅析及建议

森林生态效益补偿是国家为了巩固生态建设成效,对林权所有者和使用者进行适当补助的惠民政策,自实施以来得到了林区广大群众的拥护和支持,生态得到了保护和发展,林农得到了实惠。本文在对黔南州公益林管理现状进行了深入调研的基础上,分析了黔南州公益林管理存在的问题,并提出了解决问题的办法及建议,促进了公益林管护水平的提高。     

北方丘陵地区高速公路绿化工程设计及养护管理

近年来,随着经济的飞速发展即国家可持续发展政策的不断深化和对环保工作的重视,各条高速公路在建设期间都投入了大量资金进行了绿化美化,有的甚至进行了综合景观设计,建成了景观大道,不但稳固了路基,保护了环境,美化了路容,还给司乘人员减轻了疲劳,降低了交通事故。下面就高速公路绿化工程设计阶段和施工及养护、管理等几个方面谈几点建议。     

红色老人的绿化人生——记“中国绿化老人”单昭祥

树活百千年而无语,默默地装点着群山、河流、田野、村庄与城市。树多就成林,林大即为森,巍巍群山有了茂密的树木,才会有长流不息的清清溪水滋润着的田野、村庄与城镇。有了树就有了水,有了水就有了田,有了田就有了粮,有了粮就有了人。可见,树与人类的生存有着密切的关系。森林,对于人类的重要性不言而喻,我们的城市也需要树木来装点。     

钢筋砼结构中钢筋腐蚀裂缝分析

本文论述了钢筋砼结构中钢筋腐蚀裂缝对结构受力影响,分析了钢筋腐蚀的主要原因;并阐 述了预防钢筋腐蚀的一般预防措施和延缓钢筋锈蚀的措施及钢筋腐蚀的修补方法。     

ACQ各组分对金属腐蚀性的影响

测定ACQ各组分对4种金属的腐蚀性。结果表明,除304不锈钢以外,ACQ对其余3种金属均有较强的腐蚀性;二甲基双癸基氯化铵(DDAC)中的氯离子,是影响ACQ对Q235A钢腐蚀性的主要因素;CuO质量分数和CuO与DDAC的质量比,是影响ACQ对Q235A钢腐蚀性的显著因素。     

富春江两岸江滩林带树木根系与土壤抗蚀性能关系研究

对富春江两岸滩地的主要造林树种进行根系调查和土壤抗蚀性、有机质含量的测定分析,结果表明：同一地段土壤的抗蚀指数表土层大于底土层;抗蚀指数与根长、根量存在明显的正相关关系,但较之与有机质含量之间的关系而言相对较低,有机质含量高的土壤抗蚀指数大、抗蚀能力强;在现有的造林树种中,桤木、枫杨、杨树和竹林地土壤的抗蚀能力最大;水杉、苏柳林地次之。造林密度也有较大的影响,以杨树的4种密度为例,土壤抗蚀力以3m×4m最强,3m×3m和2m×3m次之,2m×2m较弱。     

沙柳沙障的腐蚀规律研究

通过对沙柳沙障的质量损失率和抗折强度损失率2个指标的研究,分析了障边不同垂直位置、不同障边位置、不同坡位和不同障龄沙柳沙障的腐烂程度。结果表明：在垂直位置上沙柳沙障腐蚀的变化规律为地下部分的腐蚀程度比分界处和地上部分的高,从沙障底端到上端呈先降后升的趋势;在同一障格内障边两端的腐蚀程度偏高;在不同坡位中迎风坡坡底和坡中的腐烂程度最为严重,背风坡坡中的腐烂程度最轻;2002和2006年铺设的沙柳沙障腐蚀明显,2007年铺设的只有地下部分腐蚀发霉情况。     

铜基木材防腐剂及其处理材的金属腐蚀性研究现状

木材防腐剂及其处理材所引起的金属腐蚀,日益引起人们的广泛关注。金属腐蚀产物会使金属附近的木材降等,从而导致连接强度减弱和结构完整性受损。笔者介绍了国内外关于铜基木材防腐剂及其处理材对金属的腐蚀性方面的研究进展,并在此基础上分析和展望了今后铜基木材防腐剂及其处理材对金属的腐蚀性方面的研究重点。     

Corrosion of metal fasteners embedded in acetylated and untreated wood at different moisture contents

ABSTRACT

Acetylated wood is now commercially available and designed to be used in certain outdoor applications as an alternative to preservative-treated wood. Fastener corrosion can be a concern in preservative treated wood when the wood remains wet for long periods. However, little data on the corrosiveness of acetylated wood exists beyond the product literature. Here we examine the corrosiveness of commercially obtained acetylated wood and compare it against unmodified (untreated) southern pine (Pinus spp.). Corrosion rates of plain carbon steel, hot dip galvanized steel, and stainless steel were calculated gravimetrically after a one year exposed in the wood. Four different moisture conditions were examined: 90% relative humidity (RH), 95% RH, 100% RH, and a fully water saturated condition. When compared to literature data on the corrosion of fasteners in preservative treated wood at 100% RH, the acetylated wood had much lower steel corrosion rates than all preservatives examined; the measured corrosion rates for galvanized steel were lower than all preservatives except chromated copper arsenate. These measured corrosion rates across a range of moisture conditions can be used to inform the selection of appropriate corrosion resistant fasteners when building with acetylated wood.     

Withdrawal strength of nailed joints with decay degradation of wood and nail corrosion

Nailed timber joints are widely used in timber structures, and their deterioration may cause significant damage. We investigated the withdrawal strength of joints using steel wire nails in specimens exposed to a brown-rot fungus. We also examined the effects of nail corrosion on withdrawal strength, because high humidity conditions accelerate not only wood decay but also the corrosion of nails. We found that nail corrosion increased the withdrawal strength. The ratios of withdrawal strength of nailed joints with rusted nails to that of joints with a minimally rusted nails were 1.47 and 1.56 in joints nailed in radial and tangential directions to annual rings, respectively. Withdrawal strength, excluding the effects of nail corrosion, had a negative correlation with mass loss and Pilodyn-pin-penetration-depth-ratio. We estimated the withdrawal strength of the nailed joint with decayed wood and rusted nails by multiplying the values from the empirical formula (obtained from mass loss and Pilodyn-pin-penetration-depth-ratio) by 1.47 and 1.56 for joints nailed in radial and tangential direction to annual rings, respectively.     

烧结烟气脱硫系统的防腐蚀问题

以烧结烟气脱硫工艺为例,指出了脱硫装置的主要腐蚀部位,分析了产生腐蚀的原因,探讨了烧结烟气脱硫系统中所采用的各类防腐蚀技术、防腐材料,提出了相应的对策与建议。     

化学镀Ni-P合金在木工刀具上的应用研究

利用化学镀技术,在木材加工用硬质合金圆锯片上制备了Ni-P合金镀层,通过XRD、中性盐雾实验和显微硬度分析等手段,对镀层的组织特征、热稳定性、耐蚀性及硬度等进行了分析。锯片的切割实验表明,Ni-P合金镀层具有均匀致密、硬度高、耐磨性高、减摩擦、耐蚀性好等特性。     

Electromagnetic shielding wood-based composite from electroless plating corrosion-resistant Ni–Cu–P coatings on Fraxinus mandshurica veneer

A novel and simple electroless Ni–Cu–P plating process was used for preparing corrosion-resistant and electromagnetic interference shielding wood-based composite. The effects of CuSO₄·5H₂O concentration, pH value in the plating solution and operation temperature on the metal deposition, surface resistivity, chemical composition, corrosion resistance and surface morphology of the composite were investigated. The surface morphologies were observed by using scanning electron microscopy and the chemical compositions were analyzed by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (ESE) was measured by spectrum analyzer. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by potentiodynamic corrosion measurement. The results show that metal deposition increases with pH value and temperature increase; however, it decreases with CuSO₄·5H₂O concentration increase. The corrosion resistance of the plated Ni–Cu–P coatings obviously depends on the total content of Cu and P in the coating. Higher total content of Cu and P leads to higher corrosion resistance. The optimum conditions are as follows: CuSO₄·5H₂O concentration of 1.0 g/L, pH value of 9.5, and operation temperature of 90 °C. The obtained coating contains 77.41 % Ni, 8.96 % Cu, and 13.63 % P. The wood-based composite exhibits higher corrosion resistance and ESE of around 60 dB in frequencies ranging from 9 kHz to 1.5 GHz. In this paper, a promising process for corrosion-resistant and electromagnetic shielding wood-based composites was developed.