牦牛肠毒素型大肠杆菌的分离鉴定和某些生物学特性的研究

从西藏地区腹泻死亡牦牛中分离出一株肠毒素型大肠杆菌并对其某些生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明，该菌在形态特`征培养特性和生化特性方面与大肠杆菌基本一致。血清学试验表明，该菌株O抗原属O148，K88、K99、987P单因子血清均不能凝集本菌；该菌不产生溶血素；对绵羊、豚鼠、马、鸡的红细胞表现强凝集，而K88、K99、987P抗血清均不能抑制其它对绵羊、豚鼠、马、鸡红细胞的凝集；该菌株在营养肉汤中经37℃，48小时培养表达菌毛；肌肉接种兔、腹腔接种小鼠均具有高致病性；乳鼠胃内投报试验和兔回肠结扎试验证明，该菌能产生热稳定肠毒素和热敏性肠毒素；分离菌株对恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、阿莫西林、羧苄青霉素等高度敏感，而对链霉素、四环素、土霉素等表现耐药性。     

仔猪大肠杆菌病K88-K99-987P-F41四价亚单位疫苗制苗株的生物学特性

对仔猪大肠杆菌病K88^-( 为黏附素阳性)、K99^-、987P^-、F41^-制苗株的血凝性、传代稳定性等生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明。K88^-株不能凝集绵羊红细胞，但能凝集鸡、猪、豚鼠、兔红细胞，以鸡红细胞凝集价最高；K99^-株不能凝集兔红细胞，但能凝集鸡、猪、豚鼠、绵羊红细胞，以绵羊红细胞凝集价最高；F41^-株对这5种红细胞均能凝集．以绵羊红细胞凝集价最高；而987P^-株对这5种红细胞均不能凝集。传代结果表明。K88^-株使用限定代次可达22代，K99^-、987P^-、F41^-至少可达42代。     

犊牛和羔羊腹泻大肠杆菌F_(17)抗原菌株的研究

本报告用因子血清玻板凝集反应和电子显微镜技术首次从我国分离的68株犊牛腹泻大肠杆菌中鉴定出4株,51株羔羊腹泻大肠杆菌中鉴定出1株F_(17)纤毛抗原菌株。菌株产热稳定肠毒素性和部分动物红细胞的甘露糖抗性血凝特性测定的结果表明:5株F_(17)抗原菌均能产生热稳定肠毒素,对兔红细胞具有甘露糖抗性血凝特性,而对绵羊和豚鼠红细胞不具有该特性。     

犊牛腹泻大肠杆菌二种新纤毛抗原菌株的分析鉴定

本报告用因子血清玻板凝集反应首次从国内分离的54株犊牛腹泻大肠杆菌中检出5株新表面抗原菌株,并用电子显微镜技术证实这种表面抗原为纤毛抗原。用玻板凝集反应、免疫扩散和免疫电源试验及电子显微镜技术对菌株进行分析鉴定的结果表明:5个菌株产生二种纤毛形态相同,但抗原性完全相别的纤毛抗原。其中2个菌株产生242菌株型纤毛抗原,暂标记为F242纤毛抗原;3个菌株产生293菌株型纤毛抗原,暂标记为F293纤毛抗原。二种新纤毛抗原菌株产耐热肠毒素(ST)性和部分动物红细胞的甘露糖抗性血凝特性测定表明:3株F293抗原菌产生ST,对豚鼠和兔红细胞具有甘露糖抗性血凝特性,而对绵羊红细胞不具有该特性;2株F242抗原菌对不产生ST,对豚鼠、兔和绵羊红细胞均具有甘露糖抗性血凝特性。     

大肠杆菌K99菌毛抗原的制备及其免疫抗体效价的测定

肠毒素型大肠杆菌 (Enterotoxigenic E.coli,ETEC)是幼龄动物 (仔猪、犊牛、羔羊等 )腹泻中常见而且重要的致病菌之一 ,此类大肠杆菌能借助于其所产生的菌毛抗原粘附于动物的小肠黏膜上 ,定居并产生肠毒素 ,从而呈现出致病作用。当大肠杆菌 K99菌毛粘附于绵羊红细胞上时 ,能使红细胞发生凝集 ,且不被 D-甘露糖抑制 ,系一种甘露糖低抗血凝反应 (MRHA) ,菌毛的MRHA可被相应的抗体抑制 ,故又可用甘露糖抵抗血凝抑制反应 (MRHI)来对其作出确诊[1] 。目前在各种动物中已发现并展开研究的大肠杆菌菌毛抗原主要有 :K88(F4)、K99(F5)、987…     

K_(88 )及 K_(88-)大肠杆菌对仔猪小肠上皮粘着作用的比较研究——用病理组织切片法发现大肠杆菌的另外二种表面粘着素

对人工感染黄痢发病仔猪的小肠作组织切片检查发现,在国内流行的仔猪黄痢病原性大肠杆菌中除了 K_(88)~ 菌株外,还有二类 K_(88)~-大肠杆菌也能粘着于仔猪小肠绒毛上皮。它们对不同动物红细胞的凝集性及它们的表面 K 抗原都互不相同.表明它们各自具有不同类型的表面粘着素。其中一个菌株的血凝持性与国外报导的 K_(99)~ 大肠杆菌很相似,另一类菌株则有待进一步详细鉴定。本文讨论了病理组织切片技术对于发现细菌的未知粘着素的诊断意义。     

仔猪腹泻源大肠杆菌贵州株K_(88)菌毛研究

通过玻片凝集试验、抗D_甘露糖微量血凝试验 (MRMH)、离体细胞粘附试验、菌体蛋白的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS_PAGE)和免疫印迹、质粒DNA提取及电泳等 ,分析了仔猪腹泻源大肠杆菌贵州株 (4 0 9_11)所产K88菌毛的血凝谱、对肠上皮细胞粘附特性、菌毛蛋白亚单位分子量 ,并对其K88基因进行了初步定位。结果表明 :其所产K88菌毛的血凝谱能凝集豚鼠和鸡红细胞 ;能介导细菌粘附于仔猪离体肠上皮细胞 ,这种粘附作用能被特异的K88抗血清阻断 ;菌毛蛋白亚单位的分子量为2 35 0 0Da;K88基因位于一个分子量为 85kb(5 4× 10 6Da)的大质粒上。当菌株于 18℃生长时 ,其K88菌毛不能表达     

犊牛腹泻大肠艾希氏菌菌株的鉴定

本文采用玻片凝集反应、酶联免疫吸附测定、琼脂扩散试验对北京农业大学兽医学院分离自犊牛腹泻的3株大肠杆菌进行了鉴定。结果表明:3株均产生F41抗原,其中两株同时还产生K99抗原。用豚鼠、马、绵羊红细胞做甘露糖抗性血凝试验显示,3个菌株均具有F41抗原的血凝特性。     

大肠埃希氏菌血清型鉴定及黏着素抗原的测定

对95株已鉴定的大肠埃希氏菌，采用玻板凝集法进行了O抗原血清型的鉴定，确定46株为O抗原血清型。同时采用免疫荧光技术和D-甘露糖抗血凝反应（MRHA）及其抑制试验测定，确定为O抗原血清型的大肠埃希氏菌的黏着素抗原，其中23株具有K88、K99、987P3种黏着素抗原。结果表明，同时采用上述2种方法筛选大肠埃希氏菌的黏着素抗原，其准确性和灵敏性更高。     

大豆凝集素对小肠上皮细胞和红细胞凝集能力的研究

本文旨在测定纯化的大豆凝集素对兔和鸡小肠上皮细胞和红细胞的凝集活性。测定大豆凝集素对红细胞的凝集能力时,采用2%兔红细胞悬液,测定了使兔红细胞50%凝集的蛋白质浓度。测定对兔小肠上皮细胞的凝集能力时,采用荧光标记SBA与新鲜小肠上皮细胞结合后,观察荧光显微镜下荧光结合细胞比例的方法定量。经血凝试验结果表明,使兔红细胞50%凝集的SBA蛋白质浓度为2.50~3.69μg/mL,而SBA对鸡的红细胞没有凝集作用。SBA对兔小肠上皮细胞有结合能力,结合率为30%左右。试验结果说明大豆凝集素的血凝活性具种属特异性,用SBA与小肠上皮细胞的结合率作为评价其抗营养活性的指标具一定可行性。     

产肠毒素大肠杆菌双重PCR检测方法的建立

为了快速检测和鉴定产肠毒素大肠杆菌菌毛(K88和K99)基因,本研究设计合成了针对K88、K99的2对特异性引物,对扩增条件进行优化,建立了检测K88和K99的双重PCR方法。该方法对K88、K99基因的扩增产物大小分别为237和314 bp;最终确定dNTP终浓度0.4 mmol/L,K88、K99的引物终浓度均为25 μmol/L,退火温度为52℃。试验结果表明,该方法具有良好的灵敏性和特异性。用所建立的双重PCR方法对实验室分离的23株大肠杆菌进行检测,结果显示,K88单重PCR阳性2株,K99单重PCR阳性3株,K88和K99双重PCR阳性5株。本研究建立的双重PCR检测方法为致幼畜腹泻产肠毒素大肠杆菌的快速准确检测提供了方法。     

Pathogenicity of Vietnamese enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains in colostrum-deprived one-day-old piglets

Preweaning colibacillosis is a major cause of economic loss to the swine industry in Vietnam. The aim of this study was to examine the enteropathogenicity of representative enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains obtained during an earlier epidemiologic survey conducted in five provinces in North Vietnam. This included isolates belonging to serotype O8 that produced heat-stable and heat-labile enterotoxins but did not produce any of the recognized fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F41, F18). In vitro hemagglutination (unique mannose-resistant hemagglutination activity with guinea pig, sheep, human, and chicken red blood cells at 37 degrees C, but not at 18 degrees C) and enterocyte brush border attachment assays suggested that the F- ETEC strains produced an unidentified colonization factor that promoted adherence to the intestinal epithelium. Colostrum-deprived 1-day-old piglets challenged with an F- strain (1-2 x 10(9) bacteria) developed acute watery diarrhea within 4 hours of inoculation and suffered up to 20% weight loss, with comparable severity to piglets challenged with conventional F4 and F5 strains. At necropsy, viable counts and histopathologic examination of intestinal sections demonstrated colonization of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum by F4-positive strains. In comparison, the F- and F5-positive strains attached exclusively to the ileum. Transmission electron micrographs of negatively stained F- cells grown at 37 degrees C demonstrated the presence of fimbriae. These results confirm the presence of a potentially new pathogenic ETEC fimbrial type in piggeries in Vietnam, with a unique hemagglutination property and attachment characteristics similar to ETEC bearing F5 fimbriae.     

Experimental colibacillosis in gnotobiotic piglets exposed to 3 enterotoxigenic serotypes

Three strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (064:KSNT, K88ac; 020:KSNT, K88ac and 08:K85ab, K99) originally cultured from outbreaks of diarrhoea in piglets a few hours old, were administered orally to gnotobiotic piglets. There was a marked age-related difference in the clinical response to infection between the 3 strains although they all produced heat-stable toxin. All 3 strains produced severe clinical signs of depression, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea, followed by dehydration and death in one-day-old piglets. In piglets infected at 3 days of age the two K88+ ETEC caused diarrhoea and death but the K99+ ETEC induced moderate diarrhoea only. In piglets infected at 7 days of age, the 064 strain produced severe diarrhoea and death, and 020 strain caused mild diarrhoea in 3 of 6 piglets with one death while the 08 strain caused no illness. Pathological changes in the intestinal tract associated with these infections were minimal, or absent. Immunofluorescent staining with homologous hyperimmune sera demonstrated adherence of the 3 ETEC strains to the brush border of small intestinal epithelial cells. Fluorescing organisms were observed in all infected piglets irrespective of the severity of clinical signs but the degree and extent of colonisation varied with the age of the piglets and the infecting strain. This may explain the difference in clinical response between the 3 strains.     

Requirement for capsular antigen KX105 and fimbrial antigen CS1541 in the pathogenicity of porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O8:KX105 strains.

The requirement for capsular antigen KX105 and fimbrial antigen CS1541 in the pathogenicity of porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O8:KX105 strains lacking the colonization factor antigens K88, K99, 987P and F41 was investigated using two encapsulated strains and their acapsular variants, one of which produced the fimbrial antigen CS1541 in vitro. None of the strains adhered in vitro to enterocytes isolated from newborn colostrum-deprived piglets. All of the strains caused diarrhea in orally infected, hysterotomy-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets although a great variability in the clinical response of the piglets was observed. Colonization of the small intestine of infected piglets by these strains was only moderate and no differences in the ability to colonize the small intestine was noted between the strains. All of the strains reacted in the indirect fluorescent antibody test with both CS1541 and 987P antisera when applied to organisms in the intestines of infected piglets. A control strain expressing the 987P fimbrial adhesin also reacted with the CS1541 antiserum applied to organisms in the intestines of an infected piglet. It was concluded that capsular antigen KX105 was not essential for intestinal colonization and production of diarrhea in hysterotomy-derived colostrum-deprived pigs, and that fimbrial antigen CS1541 does not promote in vitro adherence to enterocyte brush borders but could be important in bacterial colonization in vivo.     

Phenotypic expression of K88 adhesin alone or simultaneously with K99 and/or F41 adhesins in the bovine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain B41

F41-positive and F41-negative derivatives of bovine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain B41 carrying K88 or K88 and K99 plasmids were investigated for stability and expression of genes for their fimbrial antigens. Either K88 plasmid alone or both K88 and K99 plasmids could be maintained in these strains though stability could depend on culture medium. K99 antigen could be detected in each strain bearing K99 plasmid. Clones that produced K88 antigen or clones that did not produce this antigen could be isolated from each strain, except from the strain that possessed K99 plasmid in the strain that did not possess the ability to produce F41 antigen. Strains possessing K88 plasmid in the strain able to produce F41 antigen produced clones expressing either both K88 and F41 antigens, (also F41 appeared strongly expressed in some clones) or clones that produced only F41 antigen or no antigen at all. Clones that produced only K88 antigen or others that did not produce this antigen could be produced from a strain bearing only K88 plasmid and that did not possess the ability to produce F41 antigen. None of these strains bearing K88 plasmid alone or additionally K99 plasmid produced mannose-resistant hemagglutination of horse or sheep erythrocytes at 20°C as found for K99 and F41 ETEC natural strains, respectively. These results suggested that the structures of pili when several genetic determinants were present simultaneously may not be identical to those of original strains. In this study, clones expressing either one, two or three adhesin bearing antigens could be obtained from the strain B41.     

Avirulent K88 (F4)+ Escherichia coli strains constructed to express modified enterotoxins protect young piglets from challenge with a virulent enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain that expresses the same adhesion and enterotoxins

Virulence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is associated with fimbrial adhesins and enterotoxins such as heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins. Previous studies using a cell culture model suggest that exclusion of ETEC from attachment to epithelial cells requires expression of both an adhesin such as K88 (F4) fimbriae, and LT. To test the ability of non-pathogenic E. coli constructs to exclude virulent ETEC sufficiently to prevent clinical disease, we utilized a piglet ETEC challenge model. Thirty-nine 5-day-old piglets were inoculated with a placebo (control), or with either of the three K88(+)E. coli strains isogenic with regard to modified LT expression: 8017 (pBR322 plasmid vector control), non-toxigenic mutant 8221 (LT(R192G)) in pBR322, or 8488, with the LT gene fused to the STb gene in pBR322 (LT(R192G)-STb). Piglets were challenged with virulent ETEC Strain 3030-2 (K88(+)/LT/STb) 24h post-inoculation. K88ac receptor-positive piglets in the control group developed diarrhea and became dehydrated 12-24h post-challenge. Piglets inoculated with 8221 or 8488 did not exhibit clinical signs of ETEC disease; most piglets inoculated with 8017 showed diarrhea. Control pigs exhibited significant weight loss, increased blood total protein, and higher numbers of colony-forming units of 3030-2 E. coli in washed ileum and jejunum than treated pigs. This study shows for the first time that pre-inoculation with an avirulent strain expressing adhesive fimbriae and a non-toxic form of LT provides significant short term protection from challenge with a virulent ETEC strain that expresses the same fimbrial adhesion and enterotoxin.     

大肠杆菌病纯化冻干卵黄抗体对大肠杆菌感染新生仔猪的治疗试验及药理机制研究

用仔猪大肠杆菌病纯化冻干卵黄抗体处理ETECK88、K99和987P菌株感染新生仔猪表明:本药剂中的IgY与ETEC菌毛相结合,改变了ETEC的细胞膜结构,阻止了ETEC在仔猪小肠内的定殖,妨碍了ETEC的正常代谢,最终实现了对仔猪大肠杆菌病的防治目的。     

In vitro adhesion of K88ab-, K88ac- and K88ad-positive Escherichia coli to intestinal villi, to buccal cells and to erythrocytes of weaned piglets

The phenotype of 21 weaned piglets, concerning adhesion of Escherichia coli possessing K88ab, K88ac or K88ad fimbriae to pig cells, was determined in an in vitro assay. Comparison was made with adhesion of these three K88 variant strains to buccal mucosal epithelial cells and to erythrocytes (haemagglutination) in the same piglets. Whereas adhesion of the three K88 variant strains to intestinal villi was piglet specific, buccal cell adhesion (BCA) and haemagglutination (HA) were not. The K88ab strain was weakly adhesive or non-adhesive in the BCA and negative in the HA test. K88ac strains consistently gave negative and K88ad consistently gave positive results in both assays. After washing the bacteria with phosphate-buffered saline, the K88ab strain revealed a positive HA test. Neither the BCA, nor HA test can be used to determine the pig intestinal adhesive phenotype.     

Prevention of colibacillosis in neonatal swine with a 4-pilus E coli bacterin

Of 12 pregnant swine (vaccinates) given a 4-pilus enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC) bacterin (K88, K99, 987P, F41), all developed comparable or significantly higher serum and colostral antibody levels than those of 8 pregnant swine (controls) given a 3-pilus ETEC bacterin (K88, K99, 987P). When piglets were challenged with an ETEC strain bearing the F41 antigen, those from vaccinates had significantly lower mortality, less scours, less severe clinical signs and better weight gain than those from controls.     

Haemagglutination patterns of the different variants of Escherichia coli K88 antigen with porcine, bovine, guinea pig, chicken, ovine and equine erythrocytes

Determination of the porcine adhesive phenotype was not achieved by haemagglutination (HA) of porcine erythrocytes, which in all cases were agglutinated by K88ab and K88ad, independent of the adhesive phenotype as determined by the brush border adhesion test. K88ac always gave negative HA results with porcine red cells. However, HA appeared to offer a method of differentiating between the K88 variants without monospecific antisera. K88ab agglutinated porcine, guinea pig and chicken erythrocytes; K88ac agglutinated only guinea pig red cells and K88ad produced haemagglutination with porcine and guinea pig erythrocytes.