茶渣蚓粪基质对小白菜幼苗生长的影响

通过小白菜穴盘育苗试验,研究以茶渣蚓粪为原料的育苗基质对小白菜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:茶渣蚓粪复合基质中各处理的小白菜幼苗指标均优于对照处理(市场上常规育苗基质)。随茶渣蚓粪比例的增加,小白菜幼苗的株高、茎粗、SPAD值、根系各项形态指标呈先上升后下降的趋势。可见,利用适当配方茶渣蚓粪基质可明显提高小白菜幼苗的品质,处理配方可推荐用于小白菜工厂化育苗生产。     

高温处理与添加物料对蚓粪基质培育辣椒壮苗的影响

蚓粪是蚯蚓处理有机固体废弃物的产物,具备替代泥炭作为蔬菜育苗基质材料的优良性质。蚓粪高温处理（120℃）后加入蛭石、 尿素等物料复配成育苗基质,通过温室育苗和室内分析的手段,分析蚓粪中活性有机物和GA3、 IAA的含量变化以及蚓粪基质培育辣椒幼苗的系统发育特征。结果表明, 蚓粪高温处理过程增加了蚓粪中GA3含量,使活性有机物裂解成具有相同母核类极性更大的水溶性衍生物。无论是否高温处理,蚓粪育苗基质都有利于辣椒幼苗茎粗、 株高、 展宽、 叶片数、 根长、 根表面积、 根体积、 根尖数、 鲜（干）重和壮苗指数的提高,但会导致辣椒幼苗叶片叶绿素含量的减小。蚓粪添加蛭石和高温处理后育苗能够增大辣椒幼苗根直径。高温处理蚓粪中添加蛭石（蚓粪∶蛭石=4∶1,V∶V）和尿素（0.50 kg/m3）有利于提高辣椒幼苗成苗率,增加鲜干物质累积,促进茎叶和根系的系统发育,增大壮苗指数。可见,蚓粪高温处理后与蛭石按4∶1体积比均匀混合后用于辣椒育苗,最能提升辣椒幼苗的各项指标,形成壮苗。     

奶牛粪蚯蚓堆肥的基质配方及对草莓育苗的影响

将奶牛粪蚯蚓堆肥与泥炭、珍珠岩和蛭石按不同比例进行复配,然后进行草莓育苗生长试验,通过分析草莓生长情况,筛选出适合草莓育苗的最佳基质配方。结果表明,复配后育苗基质的理化性质优良,适合草莓生长。与常规基质相比,添加不同量蚯蚓堆肥的育苗基质均不同程度促进了草莓母株和一级子苗的生长(除蚯蚓堆肥完全替代泥炭处理外),随着蚯蚓堆肥比例的增加,草莓植株生长情况表现为先上升后下降的趋势。所有处理中,以蚯蚓堆肥占育苗基质物料总体积1/3的配比处理(替代50%的泥炭)的综合效果最好,较常规基质能显著提高草莓母株和一级子苗的品质,母株的株高、生物量、根系形态指标、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值)和过氧化物酶活性,以及一级子苗功能叶的叶柄长、叶面积和SPAD值等,该配方可推荐用于架式草莓工厂化育苗生产。     

蚯蚓粪对鹅掌楸容器苗生长及养分吸收的影响

在容器育苗基质中添加体积比为5％～20％的蚯蚓粪,通过无纺布容器育苗试验,研究了不同育苗基质对鹅掌楸根际环境中的微生物数量、根系建造和活力、养分吸收及育苗效果的影响.结果表明,育苗基质中添加蚯蚓粪可不同程度地提高鹅掌楸根际环境中细菌数量和微生物总量,真菌数量有所降低,但对放线菌数量影响差异不显著.蚯蚓粪有利于鹅掌楸根系的生长,尤其是增加了毛细根的重量和在根系体系中的比例,根系活力也有显著提高.此外,育苗基质中加入蚯蚓粪还提高了鹅掌楸根、茎和叶干物质的积累量,虽然对植物体内氮和磷的含量影响较小,但蚯蚓粪的添加显著提高了植物体内钾的含量.同普通育苗基质相比,加入15％体积比例的蚯蚓粪使氮、磷和钾的养分吸收量分别提高了22.23％,15.58％和26.66％.综合分析认为,育苗基质中加入一定比例的蚯蚓粪可显著改善鹅掌楸的根际环境,促进育苗植物对养分的吸收和利用,提高无纺布容器育苗效果.在试验蚯蚓粪添加比例中,育苗基质中添加体积比例为15％的蚯蚓粪效果最为显著.     

不同蚓堆肥浸提液对烟草幼苗生长的影响

为探索不同的蚓堆肥浸提液对烟草幼苗生长的影响,以期为蚓堆肥浸提液的应用提供一定的理论依据。以猪粪蚓堆肥和餐余废弃物蚓堆肥为原料,获得不同蚓堆肥浸提液,以改良的霍格兰营养液为对照(CK),进行不同浓度蚓堆肥浸提液的烟草育苗试验。结果表明,添加蚓堆肥浸提液均不同程度地促进了烟草幼苗的生长发育,且随着蚓堆肥浸提液添加比例的增高,烟草育苗效果总体上呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,以质量浓度为7.5%的蚓堆肥浸提液的综合效果最好,且7.5%质量浓度的餐余蚓堆肥浸提液的育苗效果整体优于猪粪蚓堆肥浸提液。7.5%质量浓度的餐余废弃物蚓堆肥浸提液的株高、茎粗、SPAD值、G值、壮苗指数、根系活力较对照(CK)分别提高118.06%、207.05%、19.28%、450.00%、600.00%、150.00%,总根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数分别提高272.23%、449.25%、700.00%、613.51%,适合作为优质的蚓堆肥浸提液原料。总之,7.5%质量浓度的蚓堆肥浸提液均适合应用于烟草育苗,且以餐余废弃物蚓堆肥浸提液效果最好。     

蚯蚓粪对日光温室袋培甜瓜生长及营养吸收的影响

为探明蚯蚓粪对日光温室基质袋培甜瓜生长及营养吸收的影响,本试验以薄皮甜瓜（Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino）玉美人为试材,采用日光温室基质袋栽培方式,将蚯蚓（Pheretima）粪按不同比例与草炭和蛭石复配成8种栽培基质,通过对甜瓜生长指标、光合指标、植株营养含量、果实产量及品质的分析,筛选出甜瓜基质袋栽培适宜的蚯蚓粪有机肥配施比例。结果表明,在草炭蛭石复配基质中配施蚯蚓粪均可促进甜瓜的生长及营养吸收,以T5处理（蚯蚓粪∶草炭∶蛭石=4∶1∶5）促进效果最显著。T5处理植株株高、茎粗、根系活力、生物量和光合参数均优于其他处理。甜瓜生长期内,T5处理植株氮、磷、钾含量均较T1处理（蚯蚓粪∶草炭∶蛭石=0∶1∶1）显著提高,其中根中氮、磷和钾含量分别在定植后42、56和28 d差异最大,分别较T1处理显著增加63.9%、77.9%和74.4%;茎中氮、磷和钾含量分别在定植后56、28和14 d差异最大,分别较T1处理显著增加65.5%、81.8%和44.4%;叶中氮和钾含量在定植后42 d差异最大,分别较T1处理显著增加67.3%和29.9%,磷含量在定植后5...     

蚯蚓粪复合基质对番茄穴盘育苗影响的试验研究

以蚯蚓消解半腐熟后的牛粪和蘑菇渣所得的蚯蚓粪为主要原料,与蛭石按照不同比例混合作为番茄的育苗基质,研究蚯蚓粪复合基质对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响,以利于蔬菜穴盘育苗新型基质的开发,为蔬菜工厂化育苗提供性能可靠、廉价、取材广泛的育苗基质。结果表明:各个处理基质容重在0.43～0.79 g/cm3之间,总孔隙度在65.32%～72.95%之间,大小孔隙比在1∶1.53～1∶2.02之间,pH值在5.45～8.75之间,EC值在0.91～1.38 mS/cm之间,除了pH值以外其他理化特性都在较适宜的范围;相较对照,蚯蚓粪复合基质有较高的pH值,但没有对番茄最终出苗情况产生影响;蚯蚓粪复合基质促进了番茄幼苗生长发育,其作用效果与基质混合比例有关,蚯蚓粪∶蛭石=2∶1(V∶V)育苗效果较佳,与对照相比,其株高、茎粗、地下部干重、全株干重、壮苗指数分别显著增加23.12%、11.76%、57.14%、38.24%、60.34%(P0.05)。     

蚯蚓粪与鼠李糖脂配施对小白菜和生菜产量、生长指标及品质的影响

为了探明蚯蚓粪配施鼠李糖脂对小白菜及生菜品质的影响,基于盆栽试验,研究了蚯蚓粪及其与鼠李糖脂（0.027%、0.054%和0.108%）配施处理对小白菜和生菜产量、生长指标和品质指标的影响。结果表明,蚯蚓粪与鼠李糖脂配施可以不同程度地提高小白菜及生菜品质,相比不施肥处理蚯蚓粪配施鼠李糖脂处理小白菜及生菜的产量、叶面积、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和可滴定酸均显著提高。蚯蚓粪配施鼠李糖脂处理小白菜和生菜产量、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可滴定酸及硝酸盐含量与蚯蚓粪处理无显著性差异。随着鼠李糖脂浓度的增大,蚯蚓粪配施鼠李糖脂处理的小白菜产量呈现下降趋势,未达到显著性差异。蚯蚓粪配施鼠李糖脂相比蚯蚓粪处理可显著提高小白菜游离氨基酸含量。综上,蚯蚓粪配施鼠李糖脂具有显著提高蔬菜产量的效果,蚯蚓粪配施鼠李糖脂与蚯蚓粪处理对蔬菜产量及品质方面的影响没有显著性差异,二者配施没有降低蚯蚓粪的肥效,说明蚯蚓粪与鼠李糖脂配施具有药肥开发的可行性。     

添加蚓粪和蛭石对沟塘底泥育苗基质培育番茄幼苗的影响

以沟塘底泥为主要原料,添加蚓粪和蛭石,复配成育苗基质,研究其对番茄幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,与市售基质相比,沟塘底泥复配的基质能够显著增加番茄幼苗的叶片数、叶绿素、根粗和茎叶鲜重,显著减小根长和根鲜重,而株高、茎粗、根表面积、根体积、根系活力、根干重、茎叶干重以及壮苗指数等无显著差异。沟塘底泥与蚓粪按8∶1(体积比)混合基质中番茄幼苗的茎粗、根粗、根鲜重、茎叶鲜重、根干重、茎叶干重以及壮苗指数显著大于4∶1体积比的基质,沟塘底泥与蛭石按4∶1(体积比)混合基质中番茄幼苗的株高、根长、根表面积、根鲜重、茎叶鲜重、根干重以及壮苗指数显著大于8∶1(体积比)的基质。沟塘底泥与蚓粪和蛭石按8∶1∶1(体积比)混合的基质与沟塘底泥分别与蚓粪以及蛭石按4∶1(体积比)混合的基质总体上对幼苗生长影响无显著差异。总之,沟塘底泥可以作为基质材料培育番茄幼苗,沟塘底泥中单独添加蚓粪(8∶1)比添加蛭石(4∶1)更有利于番茄幼苗的生长发育。     

蚯蚓粪与土壤复配比例对基质微生物性状及韭菜生长和品质的影响

【目的】蚯蚓粪是蚯蚓消化有机废弃物产生的均匀颗粒,能够提升土壤肥力,改良土壤结构并促进作物生长。本文初探了蚯蚓粪与土壤的不同配比对基质微生物性状及韭菜生长和品质的影响,为蚯蚓粪的开发利用提供依据。 【方法】2015年4—6月在中国农业大学温室内进行盆栽试验,按蚯蚓粪、土壤质量比 (w/w) 设置4个处理,依次为:0/100% (纯土壤不添加蚯蚓粪,CK);20%/80% (T1);60%/40% (T2);100%/0 (T3)。韭菜收获后,测定了基质养分含量、微生物群落变化、韭菜生物量、可溶性蛋白总量、可溶性糖总量和叶绿素含量。 【结果】1) 随着蚯蚓粪添加比例的增加,基质中的全氮、速效钾和有机质的含量均显著提高;2)蚯蚓粪能显著促进韭菜根系生长,并改善韭菜品质。与对照相比,T1、T2和T3处理中韭菜新根比分别提高5.75%、6.39% 和22.23%;韭菜可溶性蛋白总量提升了1.84～5.97倍,可溶性糖总量提升了1.49～1.60倍 (P < 0.05);3)蚯蚓粪能显著提高基质中的细菌和真菌多样性,并显著增加细菌116、118、130、226、297片段 (P < 0.05),但减少了真菌71、91、153、351片段 (P < 0.05)。 【结论】蚯蚓粪改善了基质的微生物群落结构,提高细菌和真菌的多样性,增加养分有效性,进而促进韭菜生长并改善韭菜品质。蚯蚓粪直接用作基质的效果最好,但从经济角度考虑,蚯蚓粪与土壤按质量百分比20%/80%即可基本达到满意的效果。     

牛粪蚯蚓堆肥基质对草莓生长的影响

将奶牛粪蚯蚓堆肥与泥炭、珍珠岩和蛭石按不同体积比例复配成3种草莓生长基质,体积比分别为0∶4∶1∶1(基质a),2∶2∶1∶1(基质b),4∶0∶1∶1(基质c),通过分析草莓的生长情况、果实产量和品质,筛选出适合草莓生长的最佳基质配比。结果表明,复配后生长基质的理化性质优良,适合草莓生长。3种基质中,以基质b效果最佳,综合来看,基质b栽培的草莓果实可溶性糖、糖酸比、可溶性固形物、抗坏血酸、可溶性蛋白和花青素含量均不同程度高于其他两种基质。此外,与基质a和基质c相比,基质b的草莓果实收获期提前了5~15 d。该配方可推荐用于架式草莓工厂化栽培生产。     

Suppression of tomato hornworm (Manduca quinquemaculata) and cucumber beetles (Acalymma vittatum and Diabotrica undecimpunctata) populations and damage by vermicomposts

The effects of food waste vermicompost on populations of adult striped cucumber beetles (Acalymma vittatum) and spotted cucumber beetles (Diabotrica undecimpunctata) on cucumbers and larval hornworms on tomatoes (Manduca quinquemaculata) were evaluated in both greenhouse and field experiments as well as damage caused. In the field, cucumber and tomato plants were grown, with two different application rates (1.25 and 2.5 t ha⁻¹) of food waste vermicompost or inorganic fertilizer, in a complete randomized block design field experiment. All treatments were balanced for NPK. Field cucumber beetle populations were suppressed significantly on cucumber plants treated with food waste vermicompost at both application rates, compared with those on plants treated only with inorganic fertilizer. In the greenhouse, cucumber and tomato plants were grown in a soil-less medium MetroMix 360 (MM360) substituted with 0%, 20% or 40% food waste vermicompost, and exposed to standardized pest attacks in nylon mesh cages. In the greenhouse, both the 20% and 40% vermicompost substitution rates decreased damage by cucumber beetles to cucumber foliage and hornworms to tomato foliage significantly.     

Responses of Common Pot Grown Flower Species To Commercial Plant Growth Media Substituted With Vermicomposts

Waste management is an increasingly important problem in many developed countries and much effort is currently being expended into identifying novel uses for waste products. We consider the effects of substituting proportions of earthworm-digested composted green waste (vermicompost) into commercial peat based growing media on the germination, growth, and productivity of Helianthus annuus, Cosmos bipinnatus and Eschscholzia californica. The percentage germination, time to flowering, seed production, overall heights and biomass were measured for all three species in treatments of commercial peat based growing media where the growth medium was substituted with vermicompost at rates of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 100%. In addition, the total numbers of inflorescences was recorded in multiple flowering species. Results for Helianthus suggest that while vermicompost additions induced small species specific growth responses in germination rate, growth rate, overall height and total biomass, none were statistically significant. For Cosmos there was a significant increase in early plant growth rate and in the final flower numbers at substitution rates of 20% and 40% vermicompost. The total biomass and numbers of flowers produced by Eschscholzia was decreased significantly by substitution of 20% and 40% vermicompost. We conclude that the plant growth enhancement properties of this vermicompost seem more species specific than previously reported. Further, in order to preserve consumer confidence in waste-derived horticulture products, vermicompost marketing strategies should acknowledge these findings.     

Earthworm-Processed Organic Wastes as Components Of Horticultural Potting Media for Growing Marigold and Vegetable Seedlings

We germinated and grew tomato, pepper, lettuce, and marigold seedlings in a standard commercial soilless plant growth medium (Metro-Mix 360), and in coir/perlite and peat/perlite-based container media substituted with 10% or 20%, by volume, of vermicompost derived from pig manure or food wastes. Half of the treatments were watered with liquid inorganic fertilizer while the other half received only water. Germination rates of tomato, pepper, lettuce, and marigold seeds in the coir/perlite mixture did not differ significantly from that in Metro-Mix 360. However, the germination rate of tomato, pepper and lettuce seedlings was very low in the peat/perlite mixture. Substituting some of the peat/perlite mixtures with equal amounts of vermicomposts, particularly pig manure vermicompost, enhanced germination rates greatly, making it comparable to that in the commercial medium (Metro-Mix 360). Pepper, lettuce, and marigold seedlings grown in Metro-Mix 360, which already contains a starter nutrient fertilizer in its formulation, had greater root and shoot dry weights than those grown in the control media (coir/perlite mix and peat/perlite mix). Substituting coir/perlite and peat/perlite mixtures with 10% or 20% of either vermicompost enhanced the growth of seedlings significantly, resulting in an overall plant growth as good as and sometimes better than that in Metro-Mix 360. When the plants were provided daily with a complete fertilizer solution, marigold seedlings in peat-based substrate with 20% pig waste vermicompost, and lettuce seedlings in both coir and peat-based substrates, mixed with 20% food wastes vermicompost, produced greater shoot dry weights than those grown in the commercial potting medium. The growth enhancements tended to be greater in peat/perlite-based mixes than in coir/perlite-based mixes, more so with the addition of pig manure vermicompost than with food waste vermicompost. Earthworm-processed pig manure and food wastes would be suitable materials for inclusion into the formulation of soilless potting media, since substitution of these media with relatively low concentrations of vermicomposts can promote plant growth.     

有机废液对镉污染土壤上白菜生长和镉积累影响

为探究有机废液在镉污染土壤施用对作物生长和环境健康风险的影响，该研究针对豌豆发酵液、玉米浆浓缩液、鸡粪浓缩沼液、糖蜜液和氨基酸母液5种价格低廉且在农业中应用广泛的有机废液，通过盆栽试验分析了施用2 ml/kg的5种有机废液对白菜生长与镉吸收的影响，并从白菜光合作用及抗氧化酶活性等角度进行了效果对比研究。结果表明，除氨基酸母液处理外，豌豆发酵液、玉米浆浓缩液、鸡粪浓缩沼液、糖蜜液处理较对照均可显著增加镉胁迫下白菜叶片净光合速率（P<0.05），促进白菜生长，其中施用玉米浆浓缩液分别使白菜地上部和地下部干质量提高了21.66%和68.75%。与对照相比，施用玉米浆浓缩液使白菜地上部的镉浓度降低了22.06%，并显著提高了白菜超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性（P<0.05），糖蜜液和氨基酸母液处理没有降低白菜镉浓度。施用玉米浆浓缩液、鸡粪浓缩沼液、糖蜜液和氨基酸母液均可显著降低白菜丙二醛含量（P<0.05），提高土壤有效态镉含量。综上，5种有机废液对镉污染条件下白菜生长和镉吸收转运的影响不同，玉米浆浓缩液促进白菜生长并减少镉积累效果最好，氨基酸母液效果最差。     

The influence of vermicompost water extracts on growth of plants propagated by cuttings

Abstract

Water extracts from vermicomposts, commonly known as “teas,” contain plant available nutrients and plant growth regulators. Their applications on plants have shown to increase seed germination, plant growth and yield, and suppress diseases. This experiment evaluates the effects of vermicompost teas, extracted from food and paper-waste vermicompost, on the rooting characteristics of stem cuttings. Stem cuttings from sugarcane and mint, and leaf cuttings from begonia were treated with four concentrations of vermicompost teas from food wastes: 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%, compared with water only control and a commercial rooting hormone, Dip ‘N Grow, arranged in randomized complete block design with 10 replications. Rooting characteristics such number of roots, root density, and length of roots were assessed. Results showed that rooting of the stem cuttings from three plants responded differently to applications of vermicompost teas. Vermicompost teas applied at 2% showed as the optimum concentration for sugarcane and mint, while 1% vermicompost tea was optimum for begonia leaf cuttings. The increased rooting in stem cuttings was due to the combination of auxins, cytokinins, GA, and humic acids found in vermicompost teas extracted from food and paper waste vermicompost. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether interactions exist between concentration and length of application time.     

蚯蚓粪与椰糠配施对盐渍土的改良效应

选用蚯蚓粪和椰糠为改良剂,不同浓度人工海水淹泡的土壤为改良对象,通过盆栽试验种植空心菜研究未施肥、单施蚯蚓粪、单施椰糠、蚯蚓粪+椰糠不同比例组合配施对盐渍土的改良效应.结果表明:(1)对于20％、60％和100％人工海水淹泡的盐渍土,蚯蚓粪与椰糠分别按1:2.5、3:2.5和3:3.5配施种植空心菜效果最好,空心菜平均...