一种危害荔枝的新害虫——燧缘音狡长蠹

燧缘音狡长蠹(Phonapate fimbriata Lesne)是一种新发现的荔枝害虫。该虫主要以成虫钻蛀荔枝枝干,造成枯枝、生长衰弱,甚至死亡。调查发现该虫已在我国广西钦州荔枝园发生危害,介绍了该虫的地理分布、形态特征、危害、防治技术等,提供了雌雄成虫详细的形态特征图,为该虫的鉴定、监测和防治等提供了依据。     

蛀果虫的发生规律及综合防治

通过对广州市严重危害的蛀果虫进行观察研究,掌握了其发生规律,发现该虫在广州1年发生7～8代。并探索出一套利用检疫、农业措施、引诱剂诱杀、药剂防治、果实套袋等综合防治技术防治该虫,效果显著。     

国槐锈色粒肩天牛的为害与防治

锈色粒肩天牛是严重为害国槐的蛀干害虫。近年来,该虫的分布范围不断扩大,为害程度不断加重。由于该虫为害隐蔽,因此防治十分困难。介绍了锈色粒肩天牛的为害特点、形态特征和生活习性,提出了防治对策,以期为该虫的有效防治提供参考。     

竹蝉的研究

经过多年调查、观察和研究,笔者阐述了竹蝉的分布情况、危害性、形态特征、生活史与生活习性,同时介绍了该虫的天敌及该虫发生与环境条件的关系,最后提出了该虫的防治方法。为竹蝉的生活习性研究和防治提供理论依据。     

危害番木瓜苗的一种新害虫——番木瓜瘿蚊研究初报

首次研究报道番木瓜的一种新害虫——番木瓜瘿蚊(暂定名)。初步描述了该虫成虫、卵、幼虫和蛹的主要形态特征,明确了该虫的年生活史、虫态历期、田间种群数量消长情况、生活习性、发育起点温度以及温湿度和食料对该虫的影响等,为该虫的综合防治打下了基础。     

美国白蛾防治初探

介绍了该虫的形态特征、为害症状与发生规律,并总结出一套生物防治、物理防治和化学防治相结合的综合防治措施。     

黄淮地区杨小舟蛾防治初探

介绍了该虫的形态特征、为害症状与发生规律,并总结出一套生物防治、物理防治和化学防治相结合的综合防治措施。     

沐川县水稻长腿水叶甲的发生规律及综合防治技术

水稻长腿水叶甲属鞘翅目、负泥甲科，别名稻食根叶甲、稻食根虫、食根蛆。在沐川县属于偶发性虫害，2008年首次在永福镇等地发现，发生面积呈扩展态势。县植保站从2008年开始对该虫进行调查和研究，并提出防治措施，指导农户进行防治。经过3年的跟踪调查和指导防治，基本掌握了该虫在我县的发生为害情况，探索出对该虫综合防治技术措施。     

进境检疫性害虫咖啡黑长蠹生物学特性及入侵风险性分析

咖啡黑长蠹(Apate monachus Fabricius)是我国进境植物检疫性害虫,主要危害林木果树、木材等。对该虫的地理分布、形态特征、寄主范围及经济重要性、生物学尧生态学、传播方式、防治技术等进行综述,分析了该虫对中国的潜在威胁和风险性,为该虫的鉴定尧检疫和防治提供了依据。     

库尔勒香梨梨小食心虫发生原因及防治对策

库尔勒香梨是新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州(简称巴州)特色支柱产业之一。梨小食心虫(Grapholitha molesta Busck)是库尔勒香梨重要的害虫,危害性大,为了更好地预防和防治梨小食心虫,减轻该虫对香梨的危害,本文归纳了近年来巴州对该虫的监测、发生情况及加重原因,对该虫的防治提出了相应的防治对策,保证香梨产业的持续健康发展。     

茶树虫害绿色防控技术研究

通过对蛇床子素、印楝素、鱼藤酮、茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒＋苏云金杆菌等生物农药防治茶树虫害防效试验,以及利用太阳能频振式杀虫灯、茶尺蠖信息素、色板等诱控茶树害虫示范,进一步了解掌握茶树不同绿色防控技术的防控效果,为茶树虫害绿色防控技术体系的建立奠定基础。     

园艺植物害虫生物防治研究进展

采用生物方法防治园艺植物害虫受到越来越多的关注和应用。本研究在综述园艺植物(果树、蔬菜、花卉等)害虫生物防治现状及特征的基础上,重点介绍了天敌昆虫、病原微生物、昆虫性信息素和植物源杀虫剂利用等方面的研究进展,并对园艺植物害虫生物防治过程中存在的问题进行了初步探讨。     

红棕象甲生物防治研究进展

红棕象甲是我国棕榈科植物的重要外来入侵害虫,具有隐蔽钻蛀的危害特点,对其进行防治具有一定 难度。在我国,对红棕象甲生物防治的研究还很少报道,为对我国红棕象甲的生物防治研究提供科学参考及建议,综 述了昆虫病原线虫、昆虫病原真菌、昆虫病原细菌以及其他天敌对红棕象甲生物防治的研究进展。     

水稻病虫害绿色防控成套实用技术

21世纪以来,水稻病虫害绿色防控(Green Prevention and Control of Rice Pests and Diseases)成为农业科技界的研究应用热点。笔者数十年连续不间断对江苏稻田病虫害绿色防控田间应用进行了研究,根据亲身实践,对水稻病虫害绿色防控中的农业防控措施包括选种、种子检疫、菌源清理、虫源防控、栽培控制等,生物防控措施包括天敌控虫、生物农药使用等,化学药剂防控措施包括种子处理、苗期、分蘖期、拔节期、破口期、抽穗期、灌浆结实期使用等进行了梳理总结,并制定了水稻病虫害绿色防控实用技术简明表,以期为同行提供参考,提高水稻病虫害绿色防控技术的落地率。     

江苏稻田蜘蛛控虫技术研究与应用

本文介绍了笔者开展稻田蜘蛛研究的起因，江苏稻田2003—2017年害虫发生种类、危害状况和防治措施，江苏稻田蜘蛛主要发生种类、消长规律和部分生物学特性，稻田蜘蛛的保护措施、控虫应用及其出现的问题，利用稻田蜘蛛防控水稻害虫无需增加任何投入，简单、易操作实施，与传统的生物措施防控水稻害虫相比具有巨大优越性，并对稻田蜘蛛控虫技术的推广应用进行了展望。     

Local agro-ecological knowledge and its relationship to farmers’ pest management decision making in rural Honduras

Integrated pest management (IPM) has been widely promoted in the developing world, but in many regions its adoption rates have been variable. Experience has shown that to ensure IPM adoption, the complexities of local agro-production systems and context-specific folk knowledge need to be appreciated. Our research explored the linkages between farmer knowledge, pest management decision making, and ecological attributes of subsistence maize agriculture. We report a case study from four rural communities in the highlands of southeast Honduras. Communities were typified by their agro-environments, IPM training history, and levels of infestation by a key maize pest, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith). Although variable, infestation levels generally did not justify pest management intervention. Consequently, crop losses from this pest were considered of low importance and most farmers proceeded in a rational fashion by refraining from action in their fields. Farmers attributed the low degree of pest infestation predominantly to abiotic causal factors (rainfall, temperature). The role of natural enemies in controlling this pest (i.e., biological control) was deemed of low importance by farmers; nevertheless, a broad array of such organisms was mentioned by farmers as operating in their maize crop. Farmers’ knowledge of natural enemies only partially matched scientific knowledge and was associated with the ecological features of their respective field settings. Local knowledge about natural enemies was mainly restricted to abundant and easily observable predatory species. Farmers who were knowledgeable about biological control were also familiar with a larger variety of pest management alternatives than uninformed farmers. Management options covered a wide range of curative techniques, including conservation biological control. Farmers who relied on insecticides to manage pest outbreaks knew less about biological control and pesticide alternatives. In contrast, farmers who received IPM training mentioned more types of natural enemies and were familiar with a broader range of alternative pest management tactics. Our research suggests that IPM training modifies local knowledge to better fit its environmental context. This paper provides insights in the environmental context of local agro-ecological knowledge and its linkage with pest management decision making. It also constitutes a basis for modifying IPM extension programs to deliver locality-specific technologies while strengthening the local knowledge base. Kris A. G. Wyckhuys is a Belgian bio-science engineer and entomologist currently employed as postdoctoral researcher at the University of Minnesota. For his PhD research at Purdue University he quantified social and ecological contributions to farmers’ adoption of insect pest management technologies in Honduran subsistence maize. He has a keen interest in the ecological facets of IPM and biological control, as well as in technological innovation in smallholder production systems, ethno-entomology and traditional pest management. Robert J. O’Neil is a Professor of Entomology specializing in biological control, predator–prey dynamics, and implementing biological control in IPM systems. His current work focuses on the ecology and management of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, an invasive pest of soybeans in North America.     

FUZZY集在评价天敌作用中的应用

把模糊数学的基本思想与生物防治的实践相结合,用浅显易懂的方式给出刻画天敌对害虫控制能力的FUZZY集,比较多种天敌对一种害虫控制能力大小的方法及天敌能否安全地控制害虫不造成经济为害的评价方法。     

锈色粒肩天牛的初步研究

锈色粒肩天牛是近年在我省国槐上新发现的一种毁灭性害虫,对园林绿化威胁很大。本文对其分布、危害、形态特征、生活习性及其主要天敌的形态和生物学特性作了较全面的报导。在上述研究基础上,通过防治试验提出5种相应防治措施,为有效地控制该种新害虫的危害提供参考。     

生物防治在设施蔬菜生产中的应用

生物防治是利用生物界本身存在的天敌等措施来防治病虫害的方法。作为一种环境友好型和资源节约型的防控技术措施,生物防治发展前景广阔。总结了生物防治在设施蔬菜生产中的应用,包括以虫治虫、以菌治虫、利用其他动物治虫等内容,以期为设施蔬菜的生物防治提供参考。     

橡副珠蜡蚧生物学、生态学特性及防治研究现状及展望

橡副珠蜡蚧(Parasaissetia nigra Nietner)是橡胶树的重要害虫之一。综述该虫的生物学、生态学特性及防治研究的现状,针对目前防治方面存在的问题提出建议,并对橡副珠蜡蚧可持续防治的研究趋势进行展望。