新洋葱伯克霍尔德菌NSM-05产抗菌物质的培养条件

为了提高拮抗细菌新洋葱伯克霍尔德菌NSM-05产生抗菌物质的能力,分别采用单因素、正交试验和实验条件的优化等方法对NSM-05菌株产生抗菌物质的最佳培养条件进行研究.结果表明,NSM-05菌株在产生抗菌物质最多的培养条件为:玉米粉质量分数为0.45％,蛋白胨为1.0％,NaCl为0.75％,MgSO4为0.25％,pH为6.5,培养温度25℃,通气量≥50％,摇床速度200 r/min,培养时间为48 h.     

YK-624产锰过氧化物酶的生产及初步纯化

利用白腐菌PhanerochaetesordidaYK 624(ATCC90872),采用Kirk液体培养基在富氧条件下进行振动培养,可得到锰过氧化物酶(MnP)活性较高和漆酶活性微量的酶液。该酶液通过超滤、透析、二乙氨基乙基琼脂糖凝胶(DEAE sepharoseCL 6B,pharmacia)离子交换柱层析的方法进行初步纯化后,得到比活性很高(1941.54IU/mg)的MnP酶液。漆酶活性和MnP活性比值的变化、SDS PAGE凝胶电泳试验和406nm附近的吸光值变化均表明,经离子交换柱层析后的YK1部分是主要的MnP,电泳试验同时表明纯化后的主要MnP的分子质量约为43kDa。经超滤、透析、离子交换柱层析纯化后得到的酶液YK1可用于进一步地研究及应用。     

紫杉链格孢1011菌株产紫杉烷类物质的分离纯化和结构鉴定(英文)

植物体内普遍存在内生真菌,它们可以产生与宿主相同或相似的生理活性物质。通过微生物发酵产生生理活性物质可以为解决能源短缺和寻找替代能源开辟一条新途径。作者初步探讨了分离和纯化高产菌株以及对其发酵代谢产物的结构鉴定的方法。采用溶剂提取法、薄层色谱法和柱色普法,对从东北红豆杉(T.cuspidataSieb.etZucc.)上分离筛选出的高产紫杉烷类物质紫杉链格孢(Alternariaalternatavar.taxi1011Y.XiangetLUAn-guo)1011菌株的发酵产物进行分离纯化,提取了一个化合物Ⅰ。经紫外扫描、红外扫描、质谱、核磁共振等方法鉴定,确定该化合物为紫杉烷类二萜Ⅲ型化合物。图1表2参12。     

超滤对水飞蓟蛋白酶解物抗氧化活性的影响

采用超滤法从水飞蓟蛋白酶解物中初步分离纯化抗氧化活性肽,考察操作压力、操作温度及酶解物质量分数对超滤过程中膜通量的影响,并对超滤前后水飞蓟蛋白酶解物的抗氧化活性进行比较结果表明:采用截留相对分子质量5 000的聚醚砜膜对水飞蓟蛋白酶解物进行超滤分离的最适工艺条件为操作压力0.1 MPa、操作温度25℃、酶解物质量分数2...     

不同PGPR菌株对松针叶绿素含量的影响

将荧光假单胞菌Q2-87、1M1-96、Pf-5和洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌C23等4个PGPR菌株分别于2014年4月和5月接种于火炬松和湿地松苗根部;并于当年8月份利用手持式叶绿素测定仪测定两种松苗针叶的SPAD值。结果如下:1接种菌株Q2-87和1M1-96的火炬松苗针叶SPAD值显著高于清水对照;接种菌株Pf-5与接种菌株Q2-87和1M1-96的火炬松苗针叶SPAD值无显著性差异;2接种菌株Q2-87和1M1-96的湿地松苗针叶SPAD值显著高于清水对照。根据本文的实验结果和参阅文献,推断菌株Q2-87、1M1-96和Pf-5的代谢产物2,4-DAPG诱导火炬松和湿地松苗产生了系统诱导抗病性。     

作物病原真菌的拮抗菌筛选及其活性物质初步鉴定

从湖北、安徽等地的水稻、小麦、豇豆、西瓜等种植区采集土壤,进行了微生物分离和培养。采用对峙培养法,筛选到20株对11种重要作物病原真菌,如水稻稻瘟菌、小麦赤霉菌、豇豆根腐菌、西瓜枯萎菌等,具有不同拮抗活性的细菌,其中2株具有广谱抗真菌活性。利用高效液相色谱和质谱对其中一株菌株的代谢产物进行了制备和结构初步鉴定,发现其主要活性成分为多烯类物质,分子量为803.67。继续深入研究抗菌物质结构和抑菌机理,将有助于新型生物源杀菌剂的开发。     

鸟巢菌对四种病原菌抑制作用的初步筛选

从已分离纯化的鸟巢菌200多个菌株中，选用黑蛋巢菌属(Cyathus Hall.:pets．)18种、1变种、1变型、2未知种共31个菌株与4种常见的病原菌进行平板两点对峙培养。结果表明，供试鸟巢菌对4种病原菌均有一定的抑制作用；其中的Cyathus triplex、C．luxiensis、C．olla f．anglicus、C．olla、C．striatus、C．africanus、C．pallidus、C．hookeri抑菌作用较强。     

一株拮抗树木褐根病菌的伯克霍尔德菌的分离及鉴定

树木褐根病是由有害木层孔菌(Phellinus noxius)引起的一类土壤传染性根部病害,为了实施对这类病害的生物防治,结合唯一氮源1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)为底物和平板对峙法,从澳门松山市政公园健康树木的根际分离得到1株对有害木层孔菌具有较强拮抗活性的菌株1583.采用一对细菌通用引物PCR扩增获得菌株1583的16S rDNA基因序列,其片段大小为1 496 bp,系统进化树显示菌株1583与Burkholderia seminalis的亲缘关系最近,综合结果鉴定该菌株为伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia sp.).拮抗性研究表明,菌株1583对油菜菌核病病原菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)、黑松叶斑病病原菌(Pestalotiopsis sp.)、香蕉枯萎病病原菌(Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.cubense)、白蝴蝶炭疽病病原菌(Colletotrichum sp.)和美人蕉瘟病病原菌(Pyricularia cannaecola hashioka)等植物病原真菌均有明显的抑制作用.     

纤维素分解菌的筛选及鉴定

从自然界中筛选分离获得具有高效分解纤维素功能的一组混合菌株,经分离纯化得3个菌株D1、D2和D3,利用16S rDNA测序鉴定,这些菌株分别是克雷伯氏菌、假单胞菌和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌,比较各单个菌株及其相互混合的羧甲基纤维素(CMC)酶相对活性、以及它们对滤纸和香蕉杆的分解效果,发现各单一菌株对纤维素类物质均有一定的降解效果,但混合菌群效果最好,其CMC酶相对活性为0．93cm／d,说明多种微生物的协同作用有助于纤维素类物质分解。     

一株桑椹菌核病生防菌分离鉴定及其拮抗作用分析

桑椹菌核病是主要由桑实杯盘菌Ciboria shiraiana、桑椹核地杖菌Scleromitrula shiraiana和肉阜状杯盘菌Ciboria carunculoides引起的果桑毁灭性病害。采用组织分离法从健康桑椹中分离纯化获得内生细菌Wh-1,对其进行抑菌谱测定和种类鉴定;以桑实杯盘菌为靶标菌株研究Wh-1发酵滤液拮抗活性,分析拮抗机理。结果表明:Wh-1对分离自发病桑椹上的真菌具有显著拮抗作用,对桑椹核地杖菌,肉阜状杯盘菌,桑实杯盘菌的抑菌率分别为100%,100%,63.15%;基于形态学、Biolog鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析结果,将该菌株鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bacillus velezens,其在PDB中振荡培养48 h,发酵滤液具有较强拮抗活性;PDA平板中发酵滤液的体积分数为5%时可完全抑制菌丝的生长;且发酵滤液热稳定性好。发酵滤液对桑实杯盘菌菌丝有致畸作用,Wh-1菌株具有脂肽基因(srfAA)、芽孢菌霉素基因(bmyB)、杆菌溶素基因(bacA)、丰原素基因(fenD)和生物素基因(bioA)脂肽类化合物合成相关功能基因。菌株Wh-1可作为开发桑椹菌核病生防制剂较为理想的候选菌株。     

Zur Bestimmung von Zuckerrohrmosaikvirus-Stämmen In Ägypten

Twentyfour samples of naturally mosaic infected sugarcane plants were collected from Giza and Kena Governorates of A. R. E. They were identified as SCMV strain D and its substrains Da and Dc according to their physical properties in diseased samples and symptoms produced on differential hosts. The two substrains are recorded for the time in Egypt as incitants of this disease. Distribution frequency of strains varied with locality. Strain D was distributed more in Giza Governorate than in Kena Governorate while frequency of substrains Dc and Da was of a reverse trend. Dilution end point, thermal inactivation point and longevityin vitro for strain D and its substrains Da and Dc ranged 10^?3–10^?6, 50°C–63°C, and up to 48 h respectively. These properties varied also within each strain.     

优良黑木耳菌种丹林5号育

于1996年开始，在丹东地区开展了优良黑木耳菌种选育研究。并于1998年在辽东山区的清原、新宾、桓仁、凤城、本溪等县（市）开展了开发试验。试验结果表明，丹林5号菌种菌丝健壮，产量性状、抗逆性状和稳定性均优于对照菌种及其他菌株；丹林5号菌种定植快、出耳旱、产量高，比原设计指标提高1．72倍，比对照种提高单产41．6％；该菌种经开发应用3．7万m^3耳木，创产值4532．5万元，获利税2841．5万元，目前已成为辽宁省黑木耳生产的主栽品种。     

瑞香狼毒根的超临界萃取物抑菌活性和成分分析

瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)为瑞香科(Thymelaeaceae)植物,广泛分布于我国西北、华北等地(刘欣等,2004)。据《神农百草经》记载,瑞香狼毒与大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)植物狼毒大戟(Euphorbia fischeriana)、月腺大戟(E.ebracteolata)同作狼毒入药,其性味苦平,全草有毒,有逐水祛痰、破积杀虫之功效(张慧文等,2006)。瑞香狼毒也是一种     

In vitro antifungal activities of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) seed extract

Longan, Dimocarpus longan Lour., contains polyphenolic compounds which exhibit several pharmacological properties. This study aims to evaluate antifungal activities of longan fruit extract in comparison to its active compounds. The results showed that longan seed exhibited antifungal activity against the opportunistic yeasts (Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans). In contrast, longan pulp and whole fruit did not demonstrate any inhibitory effects. Ellagic acid showed the most potent antifungal activity followed by corilagin and gallic acid, respectively. Ellagic acid inhibited Candida parapsilosis and C. neoformans more effectively than Candida krusei and also some Candida albicans clinical strains. Baidam cultivar possessed higher antifungal activity (MIC=500-4000 μg/ml) as it contained higher contents of ellagic acid and gallic acid than Edor (MIC=1000-8000 μg/ml). For antibacterial activity, only corilagin and gallic acid possessed weak to moderate inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans, respectively. Longan seed was then applied in the oral care products. Longan effervescent granule (5% extract) significantly reduced adhesion of C. albicans to acrylic strips. Mouthwash containing 0.5% extract exhibited good antifungal activity compared to a commercial product. These findings indicated that longan seed extract and its polyphenolic compounds can be used as an antifungal agent in oral care products for the treatment of opportunistic yeast infection.     

鹿蹄草素对采后苹果轮纹病菌的抑制作用

苹果轮纹病菌(Physalospora piricola)是黄河故道地区苹果(Malus sp.)树主要病害之一。近年来,该病的发生与危害日趋严重,给苹果生产造成了很大的损失,严重影响了苹果的质量和产量。苹果轮纹菌不仅侵染田间生长的苹果,由于其潜伏侵染特     

Antifungal activity and identification of active compounds of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum against Botryosphaeria dothidea

The canker disease caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea in China has resulted in serious damage and death to Carya cathayensis and continues to expand its range. A Bacillus strain, designated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum CGMCC 11640, was successfully screened from 103 field isolates from local soils by a plate dual‐culture method. It showed inhibition zones between B. dothidea and CGMCC 11640 in vitro. From a methyl alcohol extract of the filtrate, the antifungal compounds were identified as a series of lipopeptides by HPLC, namely fengycins, surfactins and iturins, with fengycins being the dominant component. The fengycin s were further identified by LC–MS to be a mixture of C15, C16, C17 and C18 fengycin A and their isomers (normal, iso and anteiso). The strong anti‐B. dothidea activity indicated that the B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum CGMCC 11640 and its bioactive components might provide an alternative bioresource for the biocontrol of C. cathayensis canker.     

洋葱挥发油的抗真菌作用及其机理

采用砂堡培养基液体稀释培养法和薄层色谱分析法研究了洋葱挥发油抗真菌效果及机理,以期发现天然抗真菌药物,开发洋葱资源．结果表明,洋葱挥发油提取物对酿酒酵母、白假丝酵母、新生(?)球菌、黑曲霉、黄曲霉、红曲霉、青霉等真菌的生长有较强的抑制作用;其最低抑菌浓度酿酒酵母和白假丝酵母为0．25％,新生隐球菌为0．50％．薄层色谱分析表明:洋葱挥发油处理后的白假丝酵母的羊毛固醇、麦角固醇的含量降低,而角鲨烯的含量增高,说明洋葱挥发油可能抑制白假丝酵母麦角固醇的早期合成．     

液体闪烁计数法鉴别生物质基泡沫材料

基于美国材料实验协会ASTM D6866标准,利用超低本底液体闪烁技术,测定不同原料来源的泡沫材料中放射性碳同位素~(14)C含量,转化为生物基含量,从而用于鉴别生物基泡沫材料。实验中,分别利用元素分析和热重分析确定样品用量及其氧化燃烧温度,样品燃烧后产生的二氧化碳经过一系列化学反应合成为液体苯,通过测定合成苯中的放射性碳同位素~(14)C含量来区别鉴定生物质基泡沫材料和石油基泡沫材料,同时测定本底物质煤炭和标准物质糖碳中的~(14)C含量。结果表明:采用该方法测定的糖碳标准物质的~(14)C放射性活度值与标准值一致,由生物质基泡沫材料的~(14)C放射性活度值测定结果计算得到的生物基含量结果与美国Beta实验室采用加速器质谱(AMS)方法测试的结果一致。4种泡沫样品的生物基含量分别为18.77%、23.51%、5.39%和11.13%,全部为生物质基泡沫材料。说明利用该方法能够鉴别生物质基泡沫材料与石油基泡沫材料。     

Antifungal activity of commercial disinfectants against a benomyl-tolerant strain ofTrichoderma harzianum

A benomyl-tolerant strain (94110Tr) ofTrichoderma spp. was isolated from airborne fungi in a growing room for sawdust-based cultivation ofLentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler in Hokkaido. The strain was identified asT. harzianum Rifai, so the antifungal activity of benomyl (BEN), thiabendazole (TBZ), benzalkonium chloride (BAC), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG), and glutaraldehyde (GLA) were tested against six strains ofT. harzianum, including 94110Tr. It was found that 94110Tr was more resistant than the others not only to BEN but also to TBZ, but it had no explicit tolerance to BAC, CHG, or GLA, similar to the other strains. CHG and GLA showed potent antifungal activity against most of the six strains. It is estimated that CHG and GLA are available for disinfection of the benomyl-tolerant strains ofT. harzianum found in edible-mushroom factories.Part of this paper was presented at the 24th annual meeting of the Society for Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents, Toyonaka, Japan, May 1997     

Antimicrobial activity of Hedychium spicatum

Extracts from rhizomes of Hedychium spicatum were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. Essential oil, petroleum ether and chloroform extracts showed inhibitory activity against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacterial cultures, including a strain of methicillin and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and fungal cultures.