家禽骨髓内血栓细胞发生的显微与亚显微结构的观察

本实验利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜技术对l0只成鹅、l5只成鸭和l0只雏鸡骨髓内血栓细胞发生的形态结构进行了观察。结果显示：原始血栓细胞和幼稚血栓细胞成群分布，光镜下细胞界限不清；电镜下细胞多附在或靠近血窦窦壁，细胞表面有许多突起，细胞分界明显。     

鹅骨髓细胞化学观察

对10只成鹅的骨髓细胞进行细胞化学染色,光镜下观察,结果如下;嗜酸性粒细胞的过氧化物酶和脂类染色反应呈强阳性( );异嗜性中幼粒细胞和幼稚血栓细胞的多糖类(PAS)染色反应呈强阳性( )和较强阳性( );红系、粒系和淋巴系统的核糖核酸(RNA)染色反应呈阳性;各系统的酸性磷酸酶反应均呈阴性.     

鸭、鹅骨髓细胞形态和骨髓象的观察

对１５只成鸭，１０只成鹅股骨骨髓内不同发育阶段的血细胞进行了形态学观察和分类计数．鹅的红系细胞体积略大．鸭、鹅嗜酸性粒细胞轮廓清楚，颗粒着暗红色．幼稚血栓细胞成群分布，细胞界限不清．鸭、鹅骨髓内粒系总数分别为３９．１１％、３９．４０％；红系总数分别为３３．１０％、３７．９２％；粒红比分别为１．１８：１、１．０４：１。     

鹅骨髓细胞化学观察

对１０只成鹅的骨髓细胞进行细胞化学染色，光镜下观察，结果如下：嗜酸性粒细胞的过氧化物酶和脂类染色反应呈强性（＋＋＋）；异嗜性中幼粒细胞和幼稚血栓细胞的多糖类（ＰＡＳ）染色反应呈强阳性（＋＋＋）和较强阳性（＋＋）；红系、粒系和巴系统的核糖核酸（ＲＮＡ）染色反应呈阳性；各系统的酸性磷酸酶反应均呈阴性。     

鸵鸟发生巴氏杆菌病的特征与治疗

1发病情况 某公园饲养的鸵鸟于12月1日开始发病,2日和4日各死亡1只.13只成鸟饲养在一个不足10m2(成鸟舍的面积以每只10m2为宜)的舍内,且舍内潮湿阴冷,垫料少,有刺鼻的氨味.     

春夏更替季节鸡易发病的治疗

1.鸡喉气管炎:病毒唑、大青叶、链霉素配合应用,可大大提高治愈率.病毒唑每支用于5只成坞,大青叶每只鸡1毫升,链霉素每支注射10只鸡,肌肉注射,每天2次,3～5天即愈.     

小熊猫卵巢肥大细胞与雌性生殖干细胞的初步观察

肥大细胞分布于皮肤及内脏粘膜下的微血管周边,其与嗜碱性细胞结构和功能相似。此次研究中选取17只成体小熊猫卵巢进行研究,将其制成组织切片,并采用甲苯胺蓝进行染色,观察不同时期肥大细胞数量变化情况,研究结果显示,不同时期小熊猫卵巢肥大细胞数量对比存在显著差异,P0.05;采用免疫组化染色,卵巢中存在组胺阳性细胞,小鼠脉管同系物(MVH)在卵母细胞和生殖上皮中呈现阳性,说明小熊猫卵巢中有雌性生殖肝细胞存在,且肥大细胞与参与小熊猫生殖过程。     

肉鸽毛滴虫病的诊断

1990年9月下旬泉州市某养鸽专业户养肉鸽2200多只，其中1000多只乳鸽于IO日龄开始发病死亡，20天共死亡106只，病情不断发展。经流行病学调查，临床症状、病理剖检和实验室检查．综合分析诊断为毛滴虫病，现报告如下。一、发病情况：1990年5月该养鸽户从永春、惠安、南安等地低价购进800多只成鸽，因场地缺乏，便与原有自养的200多只成鸽混在一间200多平方米鸽舍饲养．繁殖乳鸽供应本市酒家宾馆。9月23日，繁育的1052头乳鸽于10日龄时一部分出现呼吸困难，少食或停食，日渐消瘦死亡，曾用多种抗菌素治疗无效。二、临床症状：病鸽精神沉郁、…     

鸭非特异性细胞免疫发生的研究

实验利用鸭全血中单核细胞,粒细胞,血栓细胞及自然杀伤细胞对酵母细胞非特异性细胞毒性作用,检测了１５日龄鸭胚到１１２日龄鸭非特异性细胞免疫的发生。实验结果表明,鸭胚孵出前１周的２２日龄到孵出后３日龄是鸭非特异性细胞免疫的发生期;３￣１１２日龄鸭在正常的生理状态下非特异性细胞免疫水平没有明显的变化。     

一起兔瘟病的诊断与防治

兔瘟是由兔出血症病毒引起成兔的一种烈性传染病，本病具有发病急、病程短、传播快、死亡率高的特点。该病在湖南冬春两季呈季节性流行．某动物室1997年11月底从邵阳购回439只成兔，购回第二天便出现死亡，20d内先后死亡185只，并引起该动物室部分存笼兔死亡．经临床观察，病理解剖和实验室诊断，确诊是免瘟，并采取了有效的防治措施．现报告如下：1临床症状该动物室从邵阳购回439只成兔是从许多养兔户家中收购的，购回第二天便发现部分兔死亡．有的观察不到任何异常变化而突然死亡，有的免骤然尖叫几声，倒地挣扎几下即死，口鼻有泡沫状血…     

鹅胸腺APUD(样)细胞的超微结构

应用透射电镜在鹅胸腺内发现一种ＡＰＵＤ（样）细胞。这种细胞形态不规则,有突起伸入相邻细胞之间;胞核圆形,电子密度低,核仁明显;胞质内含有粗面内质网、线粒体等丰富的细胞器。其主要特征是含有大量的多分布于胞质一侧的膜包小分泌颗粒,呈圆形或椭圆形,大小不等,直径１１０～５５０ｎｍ,有些颗粒在界膜与内含物之间可见低电子密度的晕轮。根据其超微结构特征,可将颗粒分为３型：Ⅰ型颗粒为中等电子密度;Ⅱ型颗粒为均质状高电子密度;Ⅲ型颗粒在中等电子密度中含有一高电子密度的核芯。作者认为这种细胞属于内分泌细胞,并且很可能是分泌肽类激素的ＡＰＵＤ细胞。     

Zur mikroskopischen Anatomie der Epidermis an der Schweineklaue

To gain a basis for diagnosing the frequent pathological changes of the porcine hoof, the fine structure of normal hoofs taken from landrace pigs was examined with the light microscope, the polarizing microscope and the electron microscope. The hoofs were taken mostly from 6 to 7 month-old slaughtered pigs, but also from younger animals, beginning at birth. The hoofs destined for light microscopical study were not softened before frozen sections were made; these sections were stained while floating on the stain. The hoof horn of the pig consists of mostly flat cells which are shaped like pancakes. The horn tubules often have oval cross sections and do not present a distinct boundary with the adjacent intertubular horn. The harder horn of the hoof has more horn tubules per mm² than the softer horn.     

Pathological changes of tracheal mucosa in chickens infected with fowl pox virus

Five-week-old chickens were inoculated with fowl pox (FP) virus and killed on various days through day 30 postinoculation (PI). The trachea was examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and a light microscope (LM). From day 3 PI, small focal lesions of the mucosa were detected. On day 7 PI, upon formation of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, epithelial cells proliferated profusely, enlarged, and formed clusters like papillomata. The disease proceeded to the gradual disruption of the lesions owing to the collapse of individual degenerating epithelial cells. Total desquamation of the lesions was observed. Ultrastructural examination revealed that the surface degenerating epithelial cells of the lesions ruptured and had virus particles inside. These changes were accompanied by severe inflammatory reaction. Thereafter, epithelial cells regenerated actively and the mucosa recovered by day 27 PI.     

泰山螭霖鱼肠道的显微和超微结构

采用光镜和扫描电镜技术 ,对泰山螭霖鱼 (Varicorhinusmacrolepis)的肠道进行了观察。结果表明 :泰山螭霖鱼无胃 ,食管之后是肠道 ,起始端膨大呈球状。肠道由前肠、中肠和后肠组成 ,肠管直径由前肠到后肠逐渐变小。各段肠壁均分为粘膜、肌层和浆膜 3层。粘膜上皮由柱状细胞和杯状细胞组成 ,肌层分内环行和外纵行 2层。粘膜向肠腔内突出形成许多粘膜褶 ,有的呈指状、杵状 ,有的有分支。由前肠到后肠 ,粘膜褶由高变低 ,数量逐渐减少 ;杯状细胞数目由多变少 ;肌层逐渐变薄。扫描电镜下 ,肠道的粘膜褶大体上呈纵向锯齿状 ,并且粘膜褶上还有次级皱褶。柱状上皮细胞表面多呈圆形 ,前肠、中肠柱状上皮细胞轮廓和界限清楚 ,常呈隆起状 ,而后肠上皮细胞表面较平坦。前肠柱状上皮细胞游离面的微绒毛长而密 ,后肠的短而稀疏。前肠的杯状细胞常常有较大的分泌孔 ,周围有分泌物 ,粘膜表面有粗大的分泌颗粒 ;后肠杯状细胞的分泌孔较小 ,粘膜表面有较多细小分泌颗粒。     

性成熟前小鼠生精细胞的发育过程

用光镜、电镜观察了生后 1～ 1 8d昆明白小鼠的生精上皮。结果显示 ,生后 1～ 3 d,曲细精管内只有生殖母细胞和支持细胞 2类形态结构截然不同的细胞 ,前者位于管中部 ;生后 4～ 5d,少数生殖母细胞已附着在基膜上 ;生后 6～ 7d,原始 A型精原细胞大量出现并附着在基膜上 ;生后 8d,A型精原干细胞大量出现 ,B型精原细胞开始出现 ;生后 1 0 d,B型精原细胞大量出现 ;生后 1 2～ 1 3 d,前初级精母细胞出现 ,少数曲细精管的管腔开始出现 ;生后 1 4～ 1 5d,多数曲细精管管腔基本形成 ,前初级精母细胞大量出现。本试验的结果表明 ,7～ 8d小鼠的睾丸最适于分离精原干细胞     

胭脂鱼弹状病毒包涵体在培养细胞中的形成

从患致死性出血综合征的胭脂鱼（Myxocyprinus asiaticus Bleeker)分离到一种能产生包涵体的弹状病毒，称为胭脂鱼弹状病毒（Chinese sucker rhabdovirus,CSRV)。选择草鱼卵巢细胞系（Grass carp ovaries,CO)为宿主细胞，在接种CSRV3、6、9、12、18h后，分别取样、固定、制片、染色，用光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察。光镜观察结果显示，CSRV包涵体为直径1－10μm的球形胞质包涵体；在宿主细胞中有多个包涵体，宿主细胞的形态和直径都发生了变化，然后裂解和死亡。透射电镜观察结果显示，在包涵体内存在大量病毒颗粒。     

Peculiar bundles of filaments in Leydig cells of the lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus): an ultrastructural study

Leydig cells of lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus) testes were observed using light and transmission electron microscopies. Sexually mature lesser mouse deer were obtained in East Malaysia. The testes were perfused with 5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed with 1% OsO4, dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in Araldite. The semithin sections were cut, stained with toluidine blue and observed under light microscopy. The ultrathin sections were cut, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined using a JEM-1200 transmission electron microscope. As a result, two types of filament bundles were frequently recognized in Leydig cells, but not in other testicular cells. These bundles were clearly seen at even a light microscopic level. One type was bundles of actin filaments (approximately 5 nm in diameter). These structures were found not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nucleus. The other type was bundles of intermediate filaments (approximately 10 nm in diameter). These structures were found only in the cytoplasm. The existence of filament bundles has never been reported in the testicular cells of another mammalian species. Thus, while bundles of actin and intermediate filaments are specifically present in the Leydig cells of the lesser mouse deer, their functions are still unclear.     

A method for locating individual leukocytes for comparative study by light and scanning electron microscopy.

A method is presented for locating individual leukocytes and platelets in Wright's stained blood films for comparative study by light and scanning electron microscopy. The individual cells in the blood films were photographed and the field was circled with a diamond marker objective. The slide was scored and broken; pieces of the stained slide containing the numbered circles were fixed (with conductive cement) to a metal stub, air dried, and coated with metallic gold. The metal stub was placed in a scanning electron microscope, and the marked cells were readily located and photographed so that their three-dimensional surface morphology could be compared with the morphologic features of stained cells in the blood film photographed with the light microscope. Characteristics of individual cell types are discussed.     

Comparative morphology of esophageal mucosa and submucosa in dogs from 1 to 337 days of age

Scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and morphometric analyses were used to examine the morphology of the tunica mucosa-tela submucosa of the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal parts of the esophagus of healthy dogs from birth to 337 days of age from 3 litters of dogs whelped and reared under controlled conditions. Apart from the absence of a lamina muscularis mucosae from the cervical part of the esophagus of all dogs examined, little regional variation was detected. However, morphologic variation associated with age was observed. The number and complexity of microplicae on surface epithelial cells, as observed with the scanning electron microscope, increased with age, particularly between 1-day-old and 21-day-old dogs. Although scanning electron microscopy revealed typical duct openings from the submucosal glands in 1-day-old dogs, light microscopy revealed few functional glands. These glands gradually developed into a complex strata of tubules and acini during the time that secretory activity and the volume fraction of the tunica mucosa-tela submucosa occupied by glands increased with age. The presence of ciliated cells in the esophagus of 1-day-old dogs was apparent with scanning electron and light microscopes. Ciliated cells were always most abundant in the abdominal part of the esophagus. Finally, morphometric analyses revealed a significant increase in epithelial and connective tissue compartment thicknesses, as well as a marked increase in the volume fraction occupied by glands between 1 day and 161 days after dogs were whelped. A smaller decrease in all 3 measures occurred between 161 and 337 days after the dogs were whelped.     

Combined scanning electron and light microscopy of biopsy samples of bovine uterus.

Uterine biopsies from normal cyclic cows were optimally prepared for examination in a scanning electron microscope. After examination in the scanning electron microscope the same tissues were routinely processed for paraffin sectioning and reexamined with the light microscope. Results indicate that the scanning electron microscope is satisfactory for examination of the fine surface structure of the endometrium and the light microscope for subsurface structures of the bovine uterus.