低温下不同发酵剂对牛粪与鸡粪混合堆肥养分变化的影响

试验在室外0℃以下,牛粪和鸡粪混合后接种复合发酵剂好氧堆肥,研究复合发酵剂对堆肥养分的影响。结果表明,添加复合发酵剂堆肥的全氮和速效氮含量较对照分别提高24.01%和18.79%,起到了保氮作用。全磷(P)、全钾(K)、速效磷(P2O5)和速效钾(K2O)含量较对照分别提高3.69%、5.24%、7.56%和8.87%。     

添加硫酸对羊粪堆肥进程及氮素损失的影响

为研究不同浓度硫酸对羊粪堆肥进程及氮素损失的影响,以羊粪和小麦秸秆为堆肥材料,分别配置浓度为1、2、3 mol/L的硫酸作为添加剂,采用条垛式堆肥进行50 d的试验,监测堆肥过程中的温度、pH值、EC值、种子发芽指数、C/N及氮损失率。结果表明:添加硫酸处理的堆体温度升到50℃以上需要的时间比未添加硫酸的CK处理缩短4～6 d,堆体的高温保持时间随加入硫酸浓度的升高而延长,EC值、种子发芽指数随硫酸浓度的升高而增大,硫酸浓度为2和3 mol/L处理的种子发芽指数分别为83.0%和84.2%,堆肥产品的全氮含量分别比CK处理提高16.32%和13.16%。硫酸浓度为2 mol/L时,总氮损失率最低为24.03%,保氮效果最好。羊粪条垛堆肥过程中,分别在第0、10、20 d添加浓度为2 mol/L的硫酸2 L/m3,不仅可以加快堆肥腐熟进程,而且可以提高堆肥产品的全氮含量,保氮效果显著。本研究为硫酸添加剂应用于畜禽粪污堆肥生产优质有机肥提供理论依据。     

碳氮比对叶菜废弃物好氧堆肥效果的影响

为提高叶菜废弃物好氧发酵效率和堆肥质量,研究不同物料配比对叶菜废弃物好氧堆肥效果的影响,确定叶菜废弃物好氧堆肥的最佳碳氮比(C/N),以叶菜废弃物为主料,玉米秸秆、玉米秸秆+ 牛粪为辅料进行好氧发酵,调节初始C/N 为15、20、25,以pH、电导率、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾以及种子发芽指数来评价好氧堆肥腐熟度及堆肥质量,筛选出叶菜废弃物好氧堆肥的最佳C/N。结果表明:B1 处理(C/N 为20,底料为叶菜废弃物+ 玉米秸秆)种子发芽指数为115.30%,B2 处理(C/N 为20,底料为叶菜废弃物+ 玉米秸秆+ 牛粪)种子发芽指数为126.77%,其堆肥物料腐熟程度最高,腐熟效果最好,B1 处理有机质分解率最高(22.71%),全效养分含量最高(6.4%),全氮、全磷、全钾含量分别增加了26.61%、62.17%、57.23%。综合来看,叶菜废弃物和玉米秸秆联合好氧发酵的C/N 为20 时堆肥效果最好,堆肥底料中添加适量牛粪可以提高堆体物料腐熟程度。     

石灰土地区几种作物根际与非根际土壤养分特征对比研究——以重庆市中梁山为例

以重庆市中梁山石灰土地区为研究区,选择莴笋、红菜苔、白菜、瓢儿菜和桔子5种不同的作物,通过野外采样和室内实验分析的方法,分别测定了5种作物的根际与非根际土壤的全氮、全磷、全钾、水解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质的含量以及土壤pH值,并进行了对比分析。结果表明,根际与非根际土壤的全氮、全磷、全钾、水解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质和pH值之间均表现出显著的差异性（p<0.05）。这5种作物的养分含量除了桔子树的根际土壤速效磷出现亏缺外,其余4种作物根际土壤的全氮、全磷、全钾、水解氮、速效磷以及速效钾都高于非根际土壤,不同作物出现了不同程度的富集现象。另外,根际土壤的pH值均低于非根际土壤;根际土壤有机质含量均高于于非根际土壤。     

西藏土壤磷素和钾素养分状况及其影响因素

探讨西藏土壤磷钾养分状况及其影响因素.结果表明西藏土壤全磷和全钾主要决定于母质.此外,土壤全磷与有机质呈正相关,故表层全磷高于底层,表现磷的生物表聚作用;而全钾与有机质呈负相关,故表层全钾低于底层,表现为有机质对钾的"稀释效应".表层速效磷(Olsen-P)＜10 mg/kg 的缺磷土壤面积约占78%,表明下层速效磷更低.土壤速效磷与全磷、有机质的关系复杂,而与pH的关系密切,一般在pH 6.4～7.3的土壤中含量较高.西藏土壤表层速效钾100～150 mg/kg 和＞150 mg/kg 的面积分别占17%和66%;并且速效钾主要决定于CEC,进而决定于有机质,而与粘粒关系不明显,与全钾无关.     

不同产地米槁果实营养成分及其与土壤养分和酶活性的相关性研究

  目的  探究影响米槁果实品质指标的土壤因子,为人工栽培选择合适条件培育品质优良的药材提供参考依据。  方法  自不同产地采集22份米槁果实和土壤样品,测定其果实营养成分和土壤养分含量、酶活性。应用简单相关性分析和多元回归分析,筛选影响米槁果实品质的主要土壤因子。  结果  产地不同,米槁果实营养成分及土壤养分含量、酶活性不同;不同土壤养分、酶活性对米槁果实营养成分的影响程度也不同。总糖主要受全钾、速效钾、和有机质影响;还原糖主要受土壤全磷、全钾、速效钾、pH和过氧化氢酶影响;可溶性多糖主要受土壤全磷、全钾、速效钾、pH和酸性磷酸酶影响;粗多糖主要受土壤全磷、全钾、碱解氮和pH影响;多糖主要受土壤全磷、全钾、速效钾、有机质、pH和酸性磷酸酶的影响。总黄酮主要受土壤全磷、速效钾、有机质、pH 、酸性磷酸酶脲酶和过氧化氢酶影响;粗脂肪主要受土壤全磷、有效磷、速效钾、pH、脲酶、过氧化氢酶的影响。土壤 pH和全钾是影响果实综合品质的重要因子,其次是全磷、速效钾、有机质、过氧化氢酶活性和酸性磷酸酶活性。  结论  土壤养分含量是制约米槁果实产量和品质的重要因素。     

曲靖市坡耕地土壤养分的空间变异性及其与利用方式的关系

以云南省曲靖市麒麟区越州镇面积为1 km2的典型性坡耕地为研究区,应用常规统计学方法和地统计学方法,对土壤的全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、pH和有机质的空间变异规律进行分析,探讨了土地利用方式与土壤养分变异的关系。结果表明:研究区土壤养分空间变异程度以pH值最小,速效磷最大。速效养分、有机质和pH受人为活动影响明显,它们的空间自相关性中等或较弱。有机质、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾等主要养分呈现出西北-东南方向逐渐增高的空间格局,与海拔和地形走势有明显相关性。不同坡位(坡位高低)间的土壤养分差异显著,有机质、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾等养分指标呈现随坡位下降而升高的趋势。土地利用方式对土壤养分含量空间变异性也有明显的影响,施肥强度大的水田土壤养分含量最高,其次为施肥中等的旱地,土壤养分最低的是施肥量小或不施肥的果林和桉树林。     

添加碳酸盐岩对好氧堆肥发酵过程、养分和腐熟度的影响

为探索农用矿物“西班牙河”碳酸盐岩作为堆肥添加剂对堆肥发酵效果的影响,以动物源堆肥(猪粪堆肥)和植物源堆肥(包菜堆肥)为例,研究碳酸盐岩对堆肥发酵过程(堆肥温度、有机碳动态、全氮动态、碳氮损失)、堆肥产品养分(全氮、全磷、全钾、全钙、全镁)和腐熟度(电导率、种子发芽指数)的影响。试验设置不添加碳酸盐岩对照和添加碳酸盐岩两个处理。结果表明:猪粪堆肥中,与对照相比,添加碳酸盐岩处理堆肥整个发酵阶段平均温度、碳损失、氮损失、全磷、全钙、全镁、种子发芽指数分别提高了 2.0%、16.1%、56.2%、16.5%、189.8%、26.6%、5.3%,全氮、全钾、电导率分别降低了 18.9%、14.2%、27.3%。类似的,添加碳酸盐岩后,包菜废弃物堆肥整个发酵阶段平均温度、碳损失、氮损失、全磷、全钙、全镁、种子发芽指数分别提高了 0.7%、21.1%、169.1%、186.6%、164.0%、148.7%、6.3%,全氮、全钾、电导率分别降低了 26.4%、18.5%、38.3%。因此,碳酸盐岩一方面促进了堆肥发酵,提高堆肥安全性及磷、钙、镁含量,但另一方面也加剧了碳、氮、钾损失。     

桂西北环境移民安置区新垦土地土壤质量与可持续利用研究——土壤肥力特征

本文对环江肯福环境移民安置示范区所采 88个表层土样及 4个剖面土样有机质 ,全氮 ,全磷 ,全钾 ,水解氮 ,速效磷 ,速效钾 ,pH等指标进行了测定。结果表明该区表层土壤有机质含量较高 ,土壤氮相对丰富 ,钾含量偏低 ,磷严重缺乏 ,pH偏酸性。土壤剖面发育完整 ,在土壤剖面中有机质、氮、速效磷、交换性钾主要聚集在 2 0cm的表层土壤中 ,全磷随深度的增加而降低 ,全钾和 pH值则随土壤深度增加而上升     

喀斯特地区烟田土壤养分的空间变异特征

以我国典型的喀斯特地区—贵州省毕节地区为研究区域,利用地统计学和地理信息系统(GIS)相结合的方法对烟田土壤养分的空间变异特征进行研究,皆在为喀斯特地区烟草种植的平衡施肥及生态环境保护提供依据。描述性统计结果表明,研究区烟田土壤各养分指标均属中等程度变异。半方差函数分析表明,研究区烟田土壤全氮、全钾、速效磷变异函数的最适模型是球状模型,全磷和速效钾的最适模型是线性模型,碱解氮、pH和有机质的最适模型为指数模型;速效磷表现为强烈的空间自相关性,主要受结构性因素影响,而全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效钾、pH和有机质表现为中等空间相关性,受结构性因素和随机性因素共同影响。普通克里格插值的土壤养分空间分布图表明,研究区域内烟田土壤全氮、全钾、速效磷和速效钾含量分布呈现空间连续分布的特点,而全磷、碱解氮和pH、有机质含量没有明显的分布规律,这主要与喀斯特地区复杂的立地因子和人为影响有关。     

不同C/N下鸡粪麦秸高温堆肥腐熟过程研究

用鸡粪与小麦秸秆为堆肥原料进行高温好氧堆肥试验,研究添加鸡粪对小麦秸秆高温好氧堆肥过程中堆体温度、pH值、碳氮比和养分等理化指标的影响,寻求鸡粪与小麦秸秆高温堆肥的最佳配比,为农作物秸秆快速资源化利用提供科学依据和技术指导。结果表明,鸡粪与小麦秸秆在C/N=25时堆体达到的温度最高,为62℃,达到最高温度所需的时间最短,为2 d。堆肥过程中各处理pH值变化基本一致,都是先上升后下降的过程。堆肥结束时A2处理C/N=14.4,NH4＋-N含量比最高时降低了76.2%,腐殖质比初始增加了50.2%,胡敏酸相对于最低点升高了160%,富里酸与堆肥前相比降低57.1%。堆肥结束时,全氮含量除A1处理有所降低外,其余处理均有所增加。各处理堆肥全磷、全钾、速效磷和速效钾含量在堆肥结束时比堆肥初始均有所增加。综合判断,鸡粪与小麦秸秆C/N=25进行堆肥较为适宜。     

嗜热复合菌对堆肥品质及微生物群落演替的影响

  【目的】  研究嗜热复合菌对畜禽粪污堆肥理化特性和腐熟度的影响,探讨嗜热菌影响堆肥过程的微生物机制。  【方法】  堆料由75%羊粪和25%养鸡发酵床垫料构成,初始原料C/N为28,堆料量1.2 t,高度70～90 cm,开放条垛式堆沤。处理组为堆肥添加0.1%嗜热菌B. fordii FJAT-51578和U. thermosphaericus FJAT-51579等比混合的发酵液,对照组为添加1%市售枯草芽孢杆菌堆肥菌剂(Bacillus subtilis)。堆肥时间为2021年9月18日—10月14日,每两天检测1次温度。堆肥前15天,每两天进行一次翻抛,后期每5天进行一次翻抛,保持堆肥含水量50%～60%,直至高温期结束。在堆肥开始后第1、9和26天取堆肥样品,分析氮磷含量、硝化指数和种子发芽指数。结合扩增子测序,分析堆肥细菌群落结构变化,并揭示其主要环境影响因子。采用PICRUSt分析堆肥有效氮和有效磷代谢的微生物机制。  【结果】  嗜热复合菌添加促进堆肥硝化指数的降低和种子发芽指数的升高,促进堆肥腐熟;堆肥产物碱解氮和有效磷的含量分别比市售菌剂组高11.8%和7.7%。同时,嗜热复合菌的添加改变了细菌群落的分布,降低了堆肥细菌的多样性和丰富度,提高了糖单胞菌、链霉菌和嗜热葡萄孢菌等降解菌的丰度。RDA分析表明,pH和C/N是影响堆肥微生物群落多样性的主要因素,碱解氮与芽孢杆菌和糖单胞菌属丰度正相关,有效磷与嗜热裂孢菌、直丝菌属和马杜拉放线菌属丰度正相关。氮、磷代谢相关京都基因和基因组百科全书同源基因(KO)的PICRUSt分析显示,微生物氮磷循环相关KO的丰度随着堆肥进程均有所增加。添加嗜热菌剂提高了氨化、铵同化、硝酸盐同化、同化/异化硝酸盐还原等氮循环相关KO,及无机磷溶解、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶等磷循环相关KO。  【结论】  在畜禽粪污堆肥中添加嗜热复合菌剂加快并延长了高温期,降低了C/N,提高了堆肥中碱解氮和有效磷含量,其中C/N、硝化指数和GI指数等指标在堆肥中期达腐熟程度标准,促进堆肥腐熟。堆肥中添加嗜热复合菌剂增加了细菌氮磷代谢相关KO的表达,提高了腐熟中期堆肥中嗜热菌的丰度和种类,碱解氮与芽孢杆菌和糖单胞菌属丰度呈正相关,有效磷与嗜热裂孢菌、直丝菌属和马杜拉放线菌属丰度正相关。因此,添加嗜热复合菌促进了堆肥有效氮磷的含量。     

过磷酸钙用量对猪粪堆肥过程及磷形态变化的影响

【目的】过磷酸钙作为常用的畜禽粪便堆肥添加剂,具有减少氮素损失率并提高氮、磷养分含量等优点,但其对磷的有效性和形态的影响有待深入探讨。通过试验研究不同过磷酸钙添加量对猪粪锯末好氧堆肥过程的影响及堆肥中不同形态磷含量和形态之间的相互转化规律,以期为畜禽粪便堆肥中磷素的转化及合理施用提供科学依据。【方法】将猪粪和锯末以质量比（鲜重）4:1的比例混合,然后按照猪粪和锯末干物质量的5%、10%、15%添加过磷酸钙,以不添加过磷酸钙作为对照（CK）,进行42 d好氧堆肥,监测堆肥温度、含水率、pH、全氮、有机碳、全磷、有效磷、有机磷等指标。【结果】与CK相比,添加适量过磷酸钙可以显著提高堆肥的温度,增加高温持续期2~10 d;提高堆肥物料的持水能力,加快有机碳降解。添加5%~15%的过磷酸钙可以显著降低堆肥初始pH值0.33~0.68个单位,有效抑制堆肥过程中铵态氮的挥发损失,CK、5%、10%和15%的处理在堆肥结束时的氮素损失率分别为29.4%、26.6%、18.5%和8.0%,全氮和全磷含量分别较堆肥初增加17.3~34.2%和37.0%~123.1%。CK有效磷含量随堆肥时间不断上升,第42 d较堆肥初增加73.0%,而添加过磷酸钙5%、10%和15%的处理有效磷含量显著降低,分别较堆肥初减少了4.0%、23.2%和41.8%。随着堆肥的进行,各处理中有效磷占全磷的比例均不断下降,表明堆肥过程降低了磷的有效性。堆肥前期以有机磷的矿化为主,后期以有机磷的合成为主,第42 d有机磷占全磷的比例CK最高（22.1%）,添加5%、10%和15%过磷酸钙的处理分别为15.4%、11.0%和8.7%。【结论】猪粪堆肥中添加过磷酸钙,可以有效减少氮素损失,加快有机物料降解,以10%的添加量效果最佳;堆肥过程降低了磷的有效性,随着过磷酸钙用量的增加有效磷的比例不断下降;腐熟后堆肥中的磷以无机态为主,有机磷占全磷的比例随着过磷酸钙用量的增加而递减。     

采用EEM-FRI方法研究黑曲霉对牛粪堆肥腐熟及纤维素降解影响

为了优化堆肥工艺,提高堆肥产品质量,研究黑曲霉对牛粪堆肥腐熟度和纤维素降解的影响.该研究以牛粪为原料,小麦秸秆为辅料,以不添加黑曲霉为对照,分别添加1％、2％和3％的黑曲霉进行好氧堆肥,研究了黑曲霉不同添加量对腐熟度指标、养分含量、腐殖质组成以及纤维素组分的影响,并采用激发发射荧光光谱结合荧光区域积分(Excitati...     

有机无机肥配施对双季稻田土壤养分利用与渗漏淋失的影响

采用田间小区试验,研究稻草、猪粪、猪粪堆肥或沼渣沼液与化肥配施对双季稻田土壤养分利用与渗漏淋失的影响。结果表明,有机肥与化肥配施有利于提高稻田土壤中N、P、K养分和有机质含量,降低稻田渗漏液中TN、TP、NH4+-N、NO3--N浓度,促进水稻养分吸收与利用。其中,以20%的猪粪堆肥氮与化肥配施效果较好,与施纯化肥相比,1年后土壤中全氮、全磷、全钾和有机质含量分别提高了2.59%,0.87%,0.15%和21.45%,碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别提高3.31%,3.22%和12.24%;氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分别提高5.22%,0.55%,3.50%;水稻地上部氮、磷、钾养分累积量分别提高7.83,0.33,3.14g/kg;水稻生长期稻田渗漏液中TN、TP、NH4+-N、NO3--N浓度明显降低;早稻增产19.65%,晚稻无明显减产。     

Changes in Physical,Chemical, and Microbiological Properties During the Two-Stage Composting of Green Waste due to the Addition of β-cyclodextrin

This research determined whether addition of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD; 0, 0.15, or 0.25%) improved the two-stage composting of green waste (GW). The following parameters were measured during composting or in the final product: moisture content; volume; biochemical and chemical oxygen demand; humic substances; C/N_solid and C/N_soluble; microbial numbers (culturable bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi); enzyme activities (pectinase and xylanase); microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen; degradation of organic components; contents of phosphorus (available and total), potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium; and toxicity to germinating seeds. The two-stage composting of GW was optimal with the addition of 0.15% β-CD. A mature and stable compost was obtained in only 28?days with the optimized two-stage composting rather than in the 90–270?days typically required for traditional composting.     

菊糖对蚯蚓粪肥性状的影响及调控过程

通过蚯蚓堆肥试验,探讨菊糖对蚯蚓的益生作用及高活力蚯蚓粪肥的形成过程,可为滩涂生态农牧化模式构建及障碍土壤修复提供理论依据.以牛粪、赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)和菊糖为材料,设置纯牛粪养殖蚯蚓(EM)和添加菊糖的牛粪养殖蚯蚓(IEM)处理,养殖周期为40 d,每隔10 d采样分析,研究了牛粪–蚯蚓肠道内容...     

Inactivation of Giardia Cysts and Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Beef Feedlot Manure By Thermophilic Windrow Composting

Effects of composting manure on viability of Giardia cysts (GC) and Cryptosporidium cysts (CO) were determined in a two-year study with manure from feedlot cattle bedded on barley straw or woodchips. Each year, manure was deposited in 8 m × 2.5 m × 2 m windrows (one per bedding type) on a sheltered concrete pad. On day 0, porous bags containing 100 g of feces from confirmed Giardia- and Cryptosporidium-positive cattle (9 bags per retrieval day in Year 1; 3 per day in Year 2) were implanted in the windrows. Replicate bags were placed on the concrete pads as uncomposted controls. Windrow temperature and water content were measured and compost was turned mechanically twice each week. Fecal bags were retrieved and subsampled for enumerations of total and viable cysts and cysts after 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 17, 24 and 31 days in 1998 and after 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 16, 23, 30, 42, 56, 70 and 98 days in 1999. Windrow temperatures (TEMP) exceeded 55°C during the fourth week of composting, and remained above 50°C for 4 wk thereafter in 1999. Bedding material did not affect overall mean temperature in either year, but TEMP was higher with straw than with woodchip from day 10 to day 17 in 1998 (P < 0.05) and on day 16 and day 42 in 1999 (P < 0.10). In 1998, moisture content decreased from 62.2 to 43.2% during composting of woodchip manure and from 67.3 to 39.3% during composting of straw manure. In 1999, moisture content decreased from 61.0 to 31.8% for woodchip and from 64.5 to 28.6% for straw compost. Percentage of viable CO declined gradually over the 31 days in 1998. The following year revealed a rapid decline in viability of GC and CO once compost temperature exceeded 55°C and viabilities of GC and CO were reduced to zero after 42 days (straw compost) and after 56 days (woodchip compost). Exposure of CO and GC to temperatures > 55°C for a period of 15 days appears to be an effective method of inactivating Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium cysts in feedlot manure.     

Estimation of the amount of nutrients in livestock manure

(Jpn. J. Soil Sci.Plant Nutr., 77, 283–291, 2006)

Nutrient amounts in livestock manure management, including manure treatment and use, were estimated using published statistical data and other information. The eight categories for manure treatment were defined in this study as composting at facility, composting at stockyard, raw feces, dried feces, urine, slurry, purification and other. The three categories for use of manure were defined as application to farmland, sale and exchange and other.

The regional daily excretion units per head of dairy and beef cattle, including the amount of excreta, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), were calculated based on the quantities and qualities of feed in each region. There was found to be a difference in the values for Hokkaido and other regions.

Concerning manure treatment methods in the dairy sector, the sum of the proportion of raw feces and compost at stockyard was high in Hokkaido. On the other hand, the sum of the proportion of composting at facility and dried feces was high in Hokuriku, Tokai, Kinki and Shikoku. In Kyushu, the proportion of slurry production was higher than in any other region.

The amounts of N, P, and K in compost estimated in this study were compared with those calculated from published statistics. The results were as follows. The amounts of N, P, and K in dairy cattle compost, N and K in beef cattle compost, and N in poultry compost in this study were similar to the amounts cited in reported statistics. The amounts of P in beef cattle, swine, and poultry compost in this study were lower than those cited in reported statistics.

As for the use of manure, application to farmland is the most common use of manure in the dairy and beef cattle sector. The proportions of purification, and sale and exchange were high for the swine and poultry sectors, respectively.

Large amounts of liquid manure, such as urine and slurry, are applied to farmland. To clarify the nutrient load resulting from liquid manure, the usable amount of dairy slurry was calculated based on both the standard application rate of fertilizer and the area of grassland and forage crops. As a result, the amount of usable N was lower than the amount of liquid manure N in the Kanto-Tosan, Tokai and Kinki regions.     

Control of Composting Odor Using Biofiltration

While composting transforms manure wastes into useful fertilizer, it also produces odors during the decomposition process. Biofiltration is a desirable method to control composting odor. This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of using compost as a biofilter. A mixture of cattle manure and fresh compost was composted in a bin equipped with a suction-type blower. The exhaust gas was filtered through the biofilter of fresh compost. The composting temperature affected the ammonia emission. When the composting temperature was relatively high, the highest ammonia emission appeared in two experiments. The biofiltering properties were investigated according to flow rates and filter depths for two different types of fresh composts (experiment I and II). At the flow rate of 30 L/min, ammonia removal rate was 80.5% for biofilter A(detention time 56.5 s) and 99.9% for biofilter B (detention time 113 s). At the flow rate of 50 L/min, the ammonia removal rate was 82.5% for biofilter A (detention time 33.9 s) and 97.4% for biofilter B (detention time 67.8). The fresh compost could be used as a biofilter medium for odor control during composting process. The moisture content(MC) of the biofilter material increased by absorbing moisture from the exhaust gas, while the pH was decreased due to the degradation of nitrogenous compounds. As the moisture in the exhaust gas increased the MC of the biofilter, there was no need to spray water to the biofilter medium to control moisture content. While the total nitrogen(T-N) of the biofilter increased by absorbing ammonia, the total carbon (T-C) remained unchanged resulting in decrease of the C/N ratio.