基于单片机的木材表面粗糙度激光在线检测系统

介绍一种用单片机控制激光位移传感器进行在线检测木材机械加工表面粗糙度的新方法.该系统由单片机、模数转换器和激光传感器测量系统(激光头及激光控制器)等组成,试验在木材加工CNC装置上进行.文中给出了硬件结构及软件程序设计流程图.     

木材机械加工表面粗糙度的激光在线检测系统

介绍了一种采用计算机控制激光位移传感器在线检测木材机械加工表面粗糙度的新方法。该系统由计算机、模数转换板(A/D板)、激光传感器测量系统(激光头及激光控制器)等组成,试验研究是在木材加工CNC(Computer Numerical Control)装置上进行的。文中给出了硬件结构、软件程序设计流程图及木材表面粗糙度在线检测的实验数据。     

STUDY ON MEASUREMENT OF WOOD SURFACEROUGHNESS BY COMPUTER VISION

The working processes,machining devices and tools,cutting amount,consumptionof materials,productivity and quality of products are directly affected wood surface roughness.This paper gives an extensive review of methods used previously to measure wood surfaceroughness,and concludes that computer vision is the most suitable.The preliminarystudy shows that computer vinon method has the advantages of a noncontact,three--dimensionalmeasurement,high speed and well correlates with stylus tracing method.The method can be usedin classification and in-time measurement of wood surface roughness after being improved.     

基于三维显微系统的木材切削表面粗糙度分析

以榆木、杨木和松木为试验材料,采用不同的测试模式、木材切面、放大倍数和切削加工方式对切削表面粗糙度进行测定评价,比较分析上述因素的影响。结果表明:测定模式对于粗糙度值有一定影响;同一树种、同一切面时,磨削表面粗糙度明显低于锯切和旋切,表面粗糙度值为锯切>旋切>磨削;榆木磨削加工中,显微构造明显部位的三切面粗糙度值为径切面>弦切面>横切面;放大倍数与木材显微构造有关,对表面粗糙度值有影响。基于试验结果提出,木材切削表面粗糙度测定评价宜采用先选定被测试件的评价部位,再确定满足精度等级的测试模式的两步法进行。     

木材切削表面粗糙度研究进展及测定方法探讨

木材切削表面粗糙度的影响因素很多且组成复杂,较难进行准确的测定评价。从木材切削表面粗糙度的影响因素、不同测试方法及现行测定评价标准三个方面,对木材切削表面粗糙度相关研究进行综述,基于现状提出了完善木材切削表面粗糙度测定评价方法的建议。     

Prediction of the surface roughness of wood for machining

The surface quality of solid wood is very important for its effective response in manufacturing processes. The effects of feed rate, cutting depth and rake angle on surface roughness and power consumption were investigated and modeled. Neuro-fuzzy methodology was applied and shown that it could be useful, reliable and an effective tool for modeling the surface roughness of wood. Thus, the results of the present research can be successfully applied in the wood industry to reduce time, energy and high experimental costs.     

木质材料表面粗糙度光学付立叶测量方法的研究

阐述了木质材料表面粗糙度现有的测量技术与研究现状，研究了木质材料表面的统计模型和一维高斯型木质材料表面光学付立叶变换谱强度分布的模型，并得到了计算木质材料表面粗糙度均方根误差和自相关函数的数学公式。测量两个参数的实验系统，将具有非接触、高测量速度、测量不受被测材料影响和能得到比较多的轮廓信息等优点，进一步完善后，可用于木质材料表面粗糙度的分类检测及监控。     

数控微米刨切试验台的设计与试验

为解决传统热磨法加工微米薄木片及木纤维中高能耗、工序复杂、加工成本高的缺点,现改变加工方法,采用顺纹纵向刨切木材的方式,研发了数控微米刨切试验台。试验台主要由机架、纵向进给机构总成、工件夹具、控制面板、刨切机构总成、升降机构总成和限位机构组成,可对宽度为50 mm,长度为300～600 mm,高度为20～90 mm的木材工件进行纵向进给、切削量进给和刨切作业。笔者对试验台整机以及各机构进行设计,并通过ANSYSY对刀具进行强度校核。通过试验,确定刨切机构切削角δ取45°,刀刃伸出量h取0.05 mm,刀门宽度d取0.2 mm,刨得的木片平均厚度为18.7μm,最薄为15μm。最后通过显微镜观察发现经过刨切后的刀刃部分出现磨损,可通过表面改性提高刀具的耐磨性。     

红松,水曲柳木材切削性质的研究

本文以线性模型方法,在红松、水曲柳二树种内,对影响切削阻力和表面粗糙度各因素进行了综合分析,并对木材的密度与切削阻力的关系做了初步的研讨。     

基于三维表面形貌测定法的水切割木竹材工艺参数优化

为优化木竹材超高压水射流切割加工工艺参数,以红橡木和竹地板为对象,采用正交试验法,研究磨料流速、切割压力、进给速度、靶距对水射流加工试件表面粗糙度的影响,探索优化工艺参数。利用扫描探针式三维表面形貌测定法测量试件切割面的表面粗糙度值,分析三维表面形貌图。结果表明:红橡木磨料射流的试验影响因素排序为CADB;竹地板磨料射流的试验影响因素排序为BCAD。红橡木和竹地板优化工艺参数为:进给速度为250 mm/s,磨料流速为35 kg/h,靶距3 mm,切割压力为310 MPa。在此加工工艺条件下切割材料表面粗糙度相对较小,加工所得材料品质较好。     

木工圆锯片锯齿侧刃参数对锯切表面粗糙度的影响

【目的】分析锯齿侧刃参数对锯切表面粗糙度的影响,通过优化锯齿侧刃参数,解决圆锯锯切时进给速度提高与表面粗糙度增大之间的矛盾,为新型木工圆锯片设计提供参考和指导。【方法】提出微量零径向侧后角锯齿的概念,使用9种不同锯齿侧刃参数的圆锯片,以水曲柳和高密度纤维板为对象进行锯切试验,研究不同进给速度下径向侧后角和零径向侧后角段对锯切表面粗糙度的影响。【结果】随着进给速度增加,锯切表面粗糙度增大,径向侧后角减小,锯切表面粗糙度降低,无零径向侧后角段锯齿锯切形成的表面粗糙度均高于具有零径向侧后角段锯齿,特别是当零径向侧后角段由0 mm增加到0.5 mm时,锯切表面粗糙度下降最为明显。当零径向侧后角段大于0.5 mm时,侧刃的零径向侧后角段具有"以锯代刨"的作用,与零径向侧后角锯齿相比同样可起到改善锯切表面质量的作用。【结论】锯切表面粗糙度一定程度上取决于锯痕深度。在实际锯切过程中,仅有长度近似等于每齿进给量的锯齿侧刃部分参与切削,占侧刃总长度的很小一部分,微量零径向侧后角锯齿中零径向侧后角段长度比每齿进给量略大且越接近每齿进给量越理想。具有微量零径向侧后角段锯齿的圆锯片与零径向侧后角锯齿相比,同样可起到改善锯切表面质量的作用;在保持其他切削参数不变的情况下,微量零径向侧后角段锯齿还可以减小锯齿侧刃与锯路壁之间的摩擦。     

Effects of grain angle on the amplitudes of acoustic emission and surface roughness in wood machining

The orientation of wood fibers and the resulting surface roughness of radiata pine are studied during a peripheral milling with acoustic emission control. Studies were undertaken in machining process for radiata pine, where a surface quality problem appears when cutting is not well controlled. It is known that acoustic emission signals are a good monitoring element of the surface roughness with different cutting conditions. Previous studies have shown that changing cutting conditions affects acoustic emission signals; these variations are related to surface roughness and chip formation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and quantify the surface quality and the consumption of cutting energy in radiata pine with differing grain angles, and to determine the relationships of grain angle with acoustic emission signals in order to better optimize cutting conditions.     

激光传感器定量测量木材表面粗糙度的研究

1IntroductionThe surface roughness of wood is one of the important parameters that can be used to operate the automatic woodcutting machinery,and alsoto evaluatethe quality of products . Withthe development of computertechnology,automaticmeasurement methods of the machined surface roughness have been proposed.Inrecent years ,newnon_contact methodshave been studiedto measure the roughness of machined surfaces .For example ,ultrasonic sensor was usedto measuringsurface roughness(Blessinget al.,…     

THE EFFECT OF WOOD SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF TREES ON WOOD COLOR IN WORKING OPERATION

Woodsurfaceroughnessisthemicrogeometrypropertycomposedbyalittlespacingandpeak-tovalley.Generallythesurfaceroughnesswascomposedbytheworkingmethodandotherfactorst123.Woodsurfaceroughnesswasnotonlyanimportantindexwhichmeasuredthesur-facesmoothextentofwoodproductandtheworkingqualitybutalsothewoodsur-fitceroughnessaffectedwoodsurfacefeel--lngandpsychologicalfeeling[3'4,lo,ll:.Th,'quantitativesurftlceproPertyparametersweretheimportantpartwhichmarkedthewoodsurfacevisualpsycho1ogicalmagni-tude,whichha…     

Characteristics of sugar maple wood surfaces machined with the fixed-oblique knife pressure-bar cutting system

Oblique cutting differs from orthogonal cutting by an inclination given to the knife edge, which induces several changes on tool geometry, cutting forces, as well as on the quality of machined surfaces. In this work, a pressure bar was used during oblique cutting to reduce the occurrence of torn grain. The effects of cutting depth, rake angle, and oblique angle on cutting forces and surface quality were studied. Surface topography, cell damage and wetting properties were used to assess surface quality. All force components were increased by increasing cutting depth and decreasing rake and oblique angles. The lateral force, however, increased as the oblique angle increased. The surface roughness increased with increasing the lateral cutting force. Higher cutting depths and oblique angles tended to provide higher surface roughness, while higher rake angles tended to reduce surface roughness. The pressure bar was not always able to completely prevent the occurrence of defects when cutting against the grain. The occurrence of machining defects increased at higher cutting depths and oblique angles. As the rake angle decreased, the type of machining defect tended to change from torn grain to slight fuzzy grain. Moreover, the best wetting properties were obtained at lower rake angles, as they induced higher surface roughness. A 25° rake angle, a 30° oblique angle, and thinner cutting depths should be preferred to reduce dependence on ulterior sanding.     

The influence of applied voltage on cutting forces in slow speed wood cutting

Summary Slow speed wood cutting tests were carried out in which cutting forces were measured as a function of applied tool-work electrical potential. The cutting tool and workpiece were electrically insulated so that there was no current flow. Applied potential had no discernible effect on the cutting forces measured in the cutting of unextracted and extracted wet wood.     

USING HARALICK METHOD TO MEASURE WOOD SURFACE ROUGHNESS

INTRODUCTIoNWoodsurfaceroughnessisaveryim-portantparameterforevaluatingsurfacemanufacturingquality.Sometimes,thellmitsofwoodsurfaceroughnessmustbegivenbeforemachined,becausewoodsur-faceroughnessdirectlyaffectspaintingandgluingqualityofwoodproductsandtheconsumptionofpaintmaterialsandgluingmaterials.Thesurfaceroughnessalsocanbeusedtoevaluatethequalityofma-chiningdeviceandtoolsandthesuitabilityofworkingprocesses.C0NSTRUCTIONOFMEASUREMENTSYSTEMConstructionof'themeasurementsys-temis…     

基于分形维木材表面粗糙度的研究

应用分形维对木材表面粗糙度特征进行研究。首先，对Sarkar和Chaudhuri提出的分形维计算方法做了改进：其次，以60个树种为研究对象，提取和分析木材表面的分形维数。得出结论：分形维数能够反映木材表面的粗糙程度，可作为木材表面粗糙度的一种度量？     

The influences of circular saws with sawteeth of mic-zero-degree radial clearance angles on surface roughness in wood rip sawing

Key message

The sawtooth parameters of the side edges likely affect surface roughness to a large extent in wood sawing. Our results point out the need to optimize the parameters of the side edges in order to maximize wood surface quality.

Context

Improving surface roughness of wood in rip sawing by optimizing the sawtooth parameters is a significant topic of focus in the research of wood processing. However, existing research focuses mainly on the optimization of the sawtooth parameters of the major cutting edges without taking into account the influences of length and angle of the side edges on surface roughness. Thus, adaptive parameters for the side edges should be proposed.

Aims

This study analyzes how the different parameters of side edges influence surface roughness when circular saws are used, and aims to resolve disparities between high feed speeds and better surface roughness.

Methods

In particular, this article presents the use of a sawtooth with a mic-zero-degree radial clearance angle. Northeast China ash (Fraxinus spp.) serves as the material for conducting this rip-sawing experiment. Nine types of sawtooth geometries at different feed speeds are used to study the influences of both the different radial clearance angles and the straight length of the zero-degree radial clearance angle on surface roughness (Ra).

Results

Surface roughness increases with the increase in feed speed, and the smaller the radial clearance angle of the sawteeth, the smaller the surface roughness. When the sawteeth have a mic-zero-degree radial clearance angle, the sawing surface roughness is lower than that of the value of sawteeth with radial clearance angles, especially when the straight length of the zero-degree radial clearance increases from 0 to 0.5 mm, in which case the decrease is most obvious.

Conclusion

Surface roughness depends, to a certain extent, on the depth of the saw notch. A small part of the side edge that forms the sawing surface participates in the actual cutting, and the length of this section is approximately equal to the feed per tooth. Sawteeth with mic-zero-degree radial clearance angles can improve the surface quality of sawing. Also, if the other cutting factors remain unchanged, surface roughness can be improved and friction can be reduced between the side edges and the wood by increasing the feed speed.