应用热处理—茎尖嫁接方法培育无碎叶病毒的柑桔

感染碎叶病毒的蕉柑苗置光照培养箱内每天16h 光照40℃,8h 黑暗30℃处理10d,再用16h 光照35℃,8h 黑暗30℃处理7d.取0.2mm 的茎尖进行茎尖嫁接,获得无碎叶病的苗木,已感染碎叶病毒的新会橙苗用同上方法处理后再用16h 光照40℃,8h 黑暗30℃处理42d,取茎尖嫁接,也获得无毒苗.在玻璃室中7～8月间自然高温处理已感染碎叶病毒的蕉柑苗10d 以上和新会橙苗24d 以上,从其上采0.2mm 的茎尖进行茎尖嫁接。也获得无碎叶病毒的苗木.     

茎尖嫁接结合预热处理脱除温州蜜柑碎叶枳橙矮化病毒

由碎叶——枳橙矮化病毒引起的嫁接口皱折病状,在日本的一些枳壳砧品种或无性系上发现。近年来,由于大力进行高接换种而引起某些病毒包括碎叶——枳橙矮化病毒(TL—CSV)广泛传播。利用40/30℃(白天/夜间温度)处理60天以上可以脱除碎叶病毒,然而温州蜜柑苗木不耐这种热处理温度。由 Murashige 等发现,经 Navarro 等改进的茎尖嫁接技术能够有效地脱除病毒,类病毒及柑桔螺原体(S.Citrl)但碎叶病毒例外。本文报道了利用茎尖嫁接结合短期予热处理脱除温州蜜柑“Niyu”的碎叶病病毒。     

草莓热处理脱病毒的研究

试验研究了草莓盆栽苗及茎尖组培苗热处理的脱毒效果,并对盆栽苗热处理致死原因作了初步探索。结果表明,影响草莓盆栽苗热处理寿命的一个重要因素是根际温度。采用根系保护变温法(39℃/18℃昼/夜),由于根际温度变低(29℃/14℃/昼/夜),“绿色种子”品种苗寿命达30—90天。经90天热处理后,脱毒率达66％。热处理期间,分期取母株上原有的匍匐茎进行茎尖培养(外植体为1.0毫米),其组培苗脱毒效果(y)与热处理天数(x)呈极显著的正相关(y=24.45+1.33x,r=0.9388匍匐茎最长寿命达30天,相应的茎尘组培苗脱毒率为88.9％。采用茎尖组培苗进行热处理脱毒,“女峰”39℃/18℃变温30天结合38℃恒温30天;“明晶”,“女峰”38℃恒温46天的脱毒率均达到100％;“80—9—4”,“女峰”39℃/18℃变温60天,脱毒率分别为82％和88％。     

利用茎尖培养获得无病毒葡萄再生株

<正> 实验证明,茎尖切块培养可获得脱掉卷叶(GLR)、黄斑(GYS)、斑点(GF)和夏季斑驳(G SM)等嫁接传染性病毒的葡萄再生株。该技术结合热处理,还能脱除扇叶病毒(GFLV)。茎尖培养在27/20℃变温条件下进行处理,总能获得脱掉GYS的再生株,但35℃处理却不能。文中对已获成功的体外脱毒的可能途径也做了讨论。引言检测结果表明:几种病毒类病害在澳大利亚当地葡萄(Woodham,Taylor＆Krake,1973;Krake＆Woodham1978)、及从其他国家引入的葡萄上都有发生。在澳大利亚,GLR与GYS是分布最广的两种,其他病害如GFLD,则在欧洲与美国比较严重。多数植株感染一种以上的病毒病,GLR与GYS的复合发生最为常见(Woodham et al.1973)。     

茎尖培养等处理脱除梨病毒的技术研究

以梨茎尖培养、热处理＋茎尖培养、试管苗热处理＋茎尖培养３个处理，对适于北方栽培的３个梨矮化砧和７个梨品种进行脱除茎沟病毒和褪绿叶斑病毒试验。经１９９３—１９９５年对３个处理的试管苗用室内血清快速诊断法检测表明，茎沟病毒和褪绿叶斑病毒的平均脱除率，茎尖培养处理分别为７８．１％和９５．０％，热处理＋茎尖培养和试管苗热处理＋茎尖培养两个处理均为１００％。较详细叙述分析了茎尖培养技术及其效应。还讨论了３个脱除病毒处理的优缺点。     

草莓病毒脱除方法的比较与评价

以感染病毒的草莓品种宝交早生为试材,利用多重RT-PCR同时检测SMoV和SMYEV技术,对茎尖培养、热处理、抗病毒药剂处理3种脱毒方法进行了比较和评价,以期为草莓脱毒苗培育提供重要参考.结果表明,0.2mn茎尖和0.5 mm茎尖都能够有效地脱除SMoV和SMYEV;热处理能够脱除草莓试管苗中的SMoV,但不能脱除SMYEv,39℃恒温处理30 d,SMoV脱除率达到63.0%;利巴韦林不能清除草莓植株体内的SMov和SMYEV.综合脱毒率和茎尖分化成苗率2个指标,认为0.5 mm茎尖培养是适宜的草莓病毒脱除方法.     

热处理与茎尖嫁接并用育成无毒柑桔苗

大家知道,柑桔衰退病毒(Citrus tristeza virus)脱毒方法有多种,目前采用最多的是热处理,即将苗木保存在高温下采穗,嫁接在无毒实生砧木上,以获得无毒苗。一般认为以昼温40℃、夜温30℃为宜。但有的品种不能忍耐这一温度,且需要处理20天至数月的较长时间。为此,我们对各品种     

‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄试管苗热处理结合茎尖和腋芽培养脱毒技术研究

为进一步优化葡萄试管苗脱毒体系,以携带葡萄蚕豆萎蔫病毒（GFabV）、沙地葡萄茎痘相关病毒（GRSPaV）、葡萄灰比诺病毒（GPGV）、葡萄卷叶相关病毒–3(GLRaV-3)和葡萄病毒E(GVE)共5种病毒的‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄试管苗为材料,研究了热处理方式和时间以及热处理后茎尖和腋芽培养对脱毒的影响。结果表明,热处理方式影响试管苗的存活率和脱毒效率,以38℃/光照8 h+32℃/黑暗8 h变温处理效果最佳,其次为38℃/光照16 h+32℃/黑暗8 h变温处理以及38℃恒温/（光照16 h+黑暗8 h）处理。取38℃/光照8 h+32℃/黑暗8 h热处理10、15、20、25、30和40 d的试管苗1.5 mm左右的茎尖和茎尖下第1、2腋芽接种培养,茎尖存活率高于腋芽,繁殖成苗后检测,均脱除了上述5种病毒,其中热处理10 d的平均脱毒率为52.38%,25和30 d的脱毒率均达100%;随热处理时间延长,接种茎尖和腋芽的存活率下降,故热处理时间以25 d为宜。     

草莓茎尖培养脱毒效果研究

以草莓"丰香"品种为材料,利用匍匐茎剥取茎尖,以茎尖培养结合改良热处理、冷处理、二次脱毒等方法来进行草莓脱毒研究,用电镜及野生草莓小叶嫁接法进行鉴定,结果表明,草莓脱毒效果与剥取的茎尖大小有关,茎尖越小,脱毒效果越好.以0.5mm(毫米)大小剥取茎尖,直接剥取茎尖法不能够彻底清除病毒,而二次脱毒法、改良热处理 茎尖培养法、冷处理 茎尖培养法等获得的植株都没有检测到病毒,脱毒效果良好.其中改良热处理 茎尖培养法的茎尖成活率最高,达47.37%.因此最适宜的脱毒法为改良热处理 茎尖培养法,即先将草莓匍匐茎放在40℃热水中处理4h(小时),再剥取≤0.5mm(毫米)大小的茎尖进行培养,脱毒效果良好.     

葡萄试管苗热处理脱毒技术研究

为加快培育葡萄优良品种无病毒苗木,提高脱毒效率,开展了葡萄试管苗热处理脱毒技术研究。将携带葡萄扇叶病毒(GFLV)、葡萄斑点病毒(GFkV)、沙地葡萄茎痘相关病毒(GRSPaV)、葡萄卷叶相关病毒-1(GLRaV-1)和葡萄卷叶相关病毒-2(GLRaV-2)的8个葡萄品种试管苗进行恒温热处理,对分离成活的62个茎尖进行RT-PCR和ELISA检测。结果显示,62个茎尖中,29个茎尖脱除了上述5种病毒,葡萄卷叶相关病毒-1、葡萄斑点病毒、葡萄扇叶病毒、葡萄卷叶相关病毒-2和沙地葡萄茎痘病毒的脱毒率分别为81.8%、80.0%、78.1%、75.0%和61.5%。采用试管苗热处理结合茎尖培养方法可获得良好的脱毒效果,适用于葡萄无病毒原种母本树的培育。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.