白蜡吉丁啮小蜂生物学特性研究

通过林间调查与室内饲养相结合的方法,对白蜡吉丁啮小蜂（Tetrastichus planipennisiYang）的生物学特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,该寄生蜂在吉林省长春市年发生3-4代,以老熟幼虫在寄主幼虫的蛀道内越冬;不同时期的成蜂性比（♀∶♂）为2.39∶1-5.06∶1,平均为3.04∶1;补充20%蜂蜜水的雌雄成蜂平均寿命分别为16.2±1.24 d和7.00±1.19 d,比取食清水的雌雄成虫分别长6.90 d和1.33 d。平均自然寄生率为35.72%,最高可达76.92%。     

白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂防治沙蒿尖翅吉丁研究初报

文章通过利用沙蒿尖翅吉丁幼虫作为寄主对白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂进行人工饲养,成功繁育出成蜂。经野外释放,观测寄生情况,初步总结出沙蒿尖翅吉丁生物防治效果,为生物防控沙蒿尖翅吉丁虫,保护生态建设成果和原生沙蒿群落,提供依据。     

不同程度受害白蜡林分的白蜡窄吉丁发生特点

[目的]近年来白蜡窄吉丁危害对京津冀等地白蜡林造成了巨大压力,以致一些区域不得不更换树种.对北京市通州区白蜡林受危害情况进行评价,探究白蜡窄吉丁在不同程度受害林分的发生特点.[方法]对通州区12个3 km×3 km样区(36块样地)林分进行踏查,选取受害程度为轻度、中度、重度3块白蜡林,通过每木检尺对树干不同区段窄吉丁...     

北京地区白蜡窄吉丁生物学特性研究

白蜡窄吉丁(Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire)是一种危害白蜡的重要蛀干害虫。该虫在北京大兴地区1a发生1代,以老熟幼虫在韧皮部与木质部之间的边材坑道内越冬。4月上旬开始化蛹,4月中旬为化蛹高峰,4月底成虫开始羽化,5月中旬为羽化高峰。5月下旬成虫开始产卵,6月中旬幼虫孵化,持续到7月上旬孵化结束。     

林业有害生物白蜡窄吉丁的危险性分析

参照有害生物危险性分析方法,对森林有害生物白蜡窄吉丁在国内的分布状况、潜在的危害性、寄主植物的经济重要性、传播和蔓延的可能性和防治难易程度等进行定性和定量分析,对其危险性作出综合评价,根据危险性值(R=2.18)结果判断,白蜡窄吉丁属于高度危险性的森林有害生物。因此,应加强检疫,采取相应的风险管理措施,防止其在国内的传播蔓延。     

白蜡窄吉丁幼虫药剂防治试验

白蜡窄吉丁是我国重要的检疫性蛀干害虫,对白蜡属多个树种和美国流苏树危害较重。为了防控白蜡窄吉丁幼虫,选择不同药剂组合对绒毛白蜡进行树干喷洒和打孔注药防治。结果表明：树干喷洒7种药剂组合的防效顺序为40%氧乐果>1%甲维盐+25%溴氰菊酯>5%高氯·甲维盐>5%吡虫啉+20%氰戊菊酯>20%氰戊菊酯>1%甲维盐>25%溴氰菊酯;打孔注射8种药剂组合的防效顺序为40%氧乐果+1%有机硅>1%甲维盐>5%吡虫啉+1%有机硅>5%吡虫啉+20%氰戊菊酯+1%有机硅>1%甲维盐+25%溴氰菊酯+1%有机硅>5%高氯·甲维盐+1%有机硅>25%溴氰菊酯>20%氰戊菊酯。树干喷洒时,药剂的合理复配能够提高对白蜡窄吉丁幼虫的林间防效;在打孔注药中,药剂的复配使用并未提高对害虫的防效。在2种施药方法中40%氧乐果都具有最好的防效,而使用打孔注药方式防效更好。     

河北省白蜡窄吉丁发生情况调研

白蜡窄吉丁（Agrilus planipennis）是白蜡属（Fraxinus）树木的一种重要蛀干害虫,在我国多地局部发生。该研究调查了白蜡窄吉丁在河北历史上的发生情况、分布现状及危害特点,并对该虫向河北中南部蔓延的危险性进行分析,提出防治建议。调查结果表明：白蜡窄吉丁曾在唐山、秦皇岛地区局地发生,现保持较低虫口水平;张家口市主要在发生怀来县,危害十分严重;目前在承德地区规模爆发,造成大量白蜡树死亡,并已扩散到廊坊地区,向河北中南部传播扩散风险高。该虫主要危害北美引进的白蜡树种,对本地白蜡危害较轻或不危害。建议各级林业和园林部门应对该害虫引起高度重视,并进行检疫、监测、防治技术等研究。     

白蜡吉丁柄腹茧蜂雌蜂对不同气味源的嗅觉反应研究

白蜡吉丁柄腹茧蜂Spathius agrili Yang是在天津地区新发现的外寄生于白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire幼虫的重要天敌,对寄主害虫的控制作用较强,具有良好的生物防治利用前景。为有效利用该天敌,从行为生态学角度研究挥发性气味源在该蜂寻找寄主中的作用,以深入了解其寄主定位机制。结果表明,白蜡吉丁柄腹茧蜂对受害白蜡树叶的趋性显著（p〈0.05）,说明白蜡吉丁柄腹茧蜂对寄主栖境的选择主要利用来自受害白蜡树叶所提供的信息。     

白蜡窄吉丁幼虫的龄数和龄期测定

采用林间定期调查取样的方法，测定白蜡窄吉丁幼虫的龄数以及各龄的龄期；分别测量不同发育阶段幼虫的体长、体宽(第7腹节最宽处)、前胸背板宽、口缘宽、尾又长和尾叉前缘宽等6项指标，以期找出区分和判定幼虫虫龄的最佳形态特征及指标。结果表明：白蜡窄吉丁幼虫有4龄，尾又及其长度可作为理想的分龄特征和分龄指标；幼虫的口缘宽度也可作为指标之一；体长、体宽、前胸背板宽和尾又前缘宽变异较大，不宜用于分龄。研究还发现：幼虫尾叉内侧的形态特征是区分幼虫虫龄的简洁而方便的方法。利用种群众数龄期法测定各龄的平均龄期分别为：1龄18．1d，2龄11．2d，3龄10．7d，4龄261．2d，幼虫期共为301．3d。     

2种烟碱类杀虫剂对白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)毒效研究

以树干注药和土壤施药方法对吡虫啉和呋虫胺2种杀虫剂控制白蜡窄吉丁进行试验.结果 表明:1)成虫的死亡数量:2年试验结果都以呋虫胺10％液剂瓶注干的最多,平均每5株树下为96.5头和238.0头,吡虫啉10％液剂土壤施药次之,为34.8头和86.8头;2)2年套笼处理树上的成虫死亡率:都以吡虫啉10％药液土壤施药死亡快、...     

花曲柳窄吉丁生物学调查

花曲柳窄吉丁是我国主要的危险性林业害虫，在辽宁主要危害白蜡属的花曲柳、水曲柳、白蜡树、绒毛白蜡。花曲柳窄吉丁幼虫在树皮下形成层蛀食危害，形成扁圆形横向弯曲的虫道切断输导组织，使树木衰弱直至死亡。文章对花曲柳窄吉丁虫的危害部位、羽化高峰、产卵进程、生活习性、生活史等进行了调查研究。     

长春地区白蜡吉丁天敌种类与自然寄生率的研究

以长春地区的水曲柳林分为对象,调查白蜡吉丁的自然天敌种类及优势天敌,结果表明：白蜡吉丁卵期优势天敌种类为白蜡吉丁平腹小蜂,寄生率达61．3％;幼虫期优势天敌种类为白蜡吉丁啮小蜂,寄生率为68．6％;蛹期寄生天敌种类一种,为东方副凿姬蜂,寄生率为8．64％。白蜡吉丁产卵的季节分布呈先上升至高峰后再下降的趋势,白蜡吉丁平腹小蜂的季节消长趋势与白蜡吉丁一致,但在时间上滞后于白蜡吉丁产卵的规律。白蜡吉丁平腹小蜂可以作为一种潜在的、可开发的优势天地种类对白蜡吉丁进行生物防治。     

Relationships between the emergence and oviposition of ectoparasitoid Spathius agrili Yang and its host emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), (= A. marcopoli Obenberger), is an important bark beetle attacking ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). It is very difficult to detect and control because of its highly concealed life history. This pest mainly distributed in partial Asian countries (China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia) and Far East Russia, while in China it presented in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Taiwan Provinces and Tianjin City, etc. The important timber species F. mandshurica and gardening tree F. velutina were damaged severely in northern China. Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an important ectoparasitic wasp of the EAB larvae. This parasitoid has the potential to use as an excellent biological control agent for suppressing populations of EAB. The differences of emergence date between overwintered S. agrili and its host, parasitism rates at different periods, relations between parasitism rates and host densities, and relationships between ovipositions of braconid wasp and body sizes of host larvae were studied using methods of regular surveys in forests and observations in laboratory. Results revealed that the emergence of S. agrili was more than one month later than that of its host. It suggests good synchrony between parasitoid emergence and host availability. The overwintered S. agrili emerged from mid June to mid August with the peak in July in 2003, and it lasted from late May till late July with the peak during late June to early July in 2004. While the EAB emergence period ranged from mid May to late May in 2003, it ranged from mid April to mid May in 2004 (in laboratory). The emergence date of parasitoid asynchronously inosculated with the optimum developmental instars of the earliest host larvae, which was the result of a long-term co-evolution between the two species. It was also suggested that the parasitoid S. agrili could be a specialized natural enemy for EAB. The natural parasitism rates on the whole gradually increased in field with time. The body sizes of host larvae, i.e. larval instar, affected the decision of parasitoid S. agrili to lay eggs or not. Under natural conditions, this parasitoid usually oviposited only on those host larvae with a prontum and body width more than 1.5 mm, and a body length in excess of 12 mm, i.e. the third or fourth instar larvae. These findings would consequentially contribute to the further successfully biological control of the trunk borer. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(4): 1,103–1,109 [译自: 生态学报]     

铁岭地区白蜡窄吉丁发生规律及化防技术研究

白蜡窄吉丁是木犀科白蜡树属树木的毁灭性蛀干害虫,以幼虫在树木的韧皮部、形成层和木质部浅层蛀食危害。通过研究发现,铁岭地区白蜡窄吉丁寄主主要有白蜡、洋白蜡、水曲柳和花曲柳,其中以洋白蜡和水曲柳受害较重。该害虫在铁岭地区,每年发生1代,以不同龄期的幼虫在蛹室或蛀道里越冬。越冬幼虫4月下旬开始危害,5月中下旬进入化蛹高峰,6月上中旬达羽化高峰。6月下旬新孵化的幼虫即开始侵入树干内危害。该害虫自然扩散能力较为低下,具假死性。化学防治可采用树干封闭喷雾法、全树喷雾法、注射法等,其中以全树喷雾和树干封闭喷雾防治效果较好。     

The mating and oviposition behavior of the invasive emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), with reference to the influence of host tree condition

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is an invasive wood-boring beetle first detected in North America in 2002. Relatively little is known about the factors affecting the mating and oviposition behavior of EAB, even though they could have implications for the management of this species. Consequently, we conducted field surveys in Michigan to observe the diurnal behavior of EAB adults, in addition to examining how their behaviors associated with reproduction varied in relation to the size and condition of host trees. We observed most EAB adults between 11:00 and 15:00, and this pattern was the same for both sexes and for all of the specific behaviors examined (feeding, flying, mating, resting, and walking). Regarding host tree size and crown condition, we consistently found that the most EAB eggs, adults, mating pairs, and ovipositing females were observed on intermediately stressed trees with 40–60 % crown reductions (likely resulting from earlier EAB infestations). Additionally, host tree crown condition appeared to be a more important factor than diameter at breast height. Our results therefore provide support to the hypothesis that host tree crown (stressing) condition influences EAB oviposition behavior. Determining which trees are likely to contain the most EAB eggs should help to guide efforts for releasing and promoting the establishment of parasitoids utilized in biologic control. However, future work should attempt to experimentally test the hypothesis that host tree condition (e.g., crown reduction) drives EAB oviposition behavior, and investigate the fitness implications of these host choices.     

Linking tree growth rate,damage repair,and susceptibility to a genus-specific pest infestation

Pest preference and subsequent susceptibility of a host individual is likely related to previous growth patterns in that host.Emerald ash borer(Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire)is a pestiferous beetle introduced to North America from Asia.While all species of ash are susceptible to attack,some individual trees appear to survive infestation.We selected ash trees in southeastern Michigan,collected cores and categorized trees as high tolerance to emerald ash borer attack(high overall health,low crown dieback),low tolerance(low overall health,high crown dieback)and intermediate tolerance(in-between the other categories).We artificially wounded trees and measured wound closure after 3 years.Ring width indices were not correlated between high and low tolerance trees.Regression slopes comparing growth and years were significantly different between the three tolerance categories,with high tolerance trees having the steepest slope.Wound closure was greatest in high tolerance trees.High tolerance trees demonstrating more rapid(steeper regression slope),consistent(lower variance),and effective(greater wound closure)growth.Those vigorously growing trees likely had more capacity to repair damage caused by emerald ash borer,leading to healthier trees in our categorization.Linking previous host growth patterns to health may have implications related to identifying individual trees potentially tolerant to attack.     

花曲柳窄吉丁在不同地区年生活史的补充研究

花曲柳窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire属鞘翅目Coleoptera吉丁科Buprestoidea窄吉丁属Agrilus,是术琴属树木的毁灭性蛀干害虫。调查研究表明,花曲柳窄吉丁以幼虫越冬,但在不同纬度地区其幼虫的越冬虫态、发育历期和年发生代数不同。在河北省唐山市与天津市及其以南地区,花曲柳窄吉丁1a发生1代,以老熟幼虫在浅层木质部蛀建蛹室开始越冬,第2年有1个化蛹、羽化高峰。在辽宁省本溪市也为1a1代,但以不同龄期的幼虫在蛹室或蛀道里越冬,老熟幼虫比例约占90％,相应地第2年有1大1小两个成虫羽化高峰期。在吉林省吉林市有一部分虫体完成1代需要多于1a的时间,可能为1a1代和2a1代混和发生区。在纬度较高的黑龙江省哈尔滨市,发生1代需要2a时间,幼虫发育需要经历2个冬季。随着纬度的增高,花曲柳窄吉丁越冬幼虫中有低龄幼虫所占比例逐渐增加,老熟幼虫的比例逐渐减少的趋势。吉丁虫类昆虫（包括花曲柳窄吉丁）可能为异动态昆虫,其幼虫阶段越冬可能为其化蛹所必需。