独山盐酸菜

独山盐酸菜,原名独山盐酸,是贵州省驰名中外的一种特产蔬菜糟渍品。产品以十字花科芸苔属中的芥菜(又名青菜)为主要原料,加上甜酒、(糯米酒)辣椒、大蒜、冰糖等辅料,采用民间传统加工工艺精制而成。产品有三种:一是出口盐酸菜,用全菜柄,成品不见甜酒糟及辣椒颗粒,呈淡橙黄色,菜头、菜苔及菜柄呈半透明状,成、甜、酸、辣兼备,味鲜较甜带脆,在独山有“大酸”之称。二是冰糖盐酸菜,菜柄多于菜叶,能见甜酒糟和辣椒颗粒,呈红黄色,咸、甜、酸、辣兼备,味鲜带脆。三是白糖盐酸菜,菜叶多于菜柄,能见甜酒糟和辣椒颗粒,产品呈青黄色,咸、甜、酸、辣兼备,适口,独山称之为“细酸”。     

“独山秀峰牌”番茄无公害生产技术规程

1"独山秀峰牌"无公害番茄的概念根据NY5005-2001无公害食品、茄果类蔬菜要求和独山县的具体情况,"独山秀峰牌"无公害番茄是指没有受有害物质污染的西红柿,其产地环境、生产过程、产品质量都符合国家或农业行业无公害产品标准和生产技术规程,经认证合     

一年生黑麦草A 2003新品系品种比较试验

通过对A2003一年生黑麦草与"杰威、钻石T、特高"一年生黑麦草在贵州南部独山地区进行生育期、生长速度、茎叶比、鲜草产量、营养价值等指标观察测定,结果表明:A 2003一年生黑麦草生产性能高于对照杰威和参试品种钻石T、特高.     

NaCl胁迫下玉米地方品种的种子萌发效应

采用室内培养和检测,以5个玉米地方品种为材料,设置高盐(NaCl)和自来水2种处理,研究不同玉米地方品种在盐胁迫下的种子萌发和生理特性变化.结果表明,盐胁迫对玉米地方品种的种子萌发和生理有不同程度的影响,不同玉米地方品种的耐盐性存在明显的基因型差异.总体而言,不同地方品种的同一形态性状和同一地方品种的不同形态性状的耐盐胁迫指数存在差异.综合评价盐胁迫下5个玉米地方品种的耐盐特性,"DP44"是耐盐性强的品种,可作为耐盐种质加以选择,而"DP21"的耐盐胁迫能力较差.此外,对玉米品种进行耐盐胁迫的遗传改良是可行的.     

水稻耐盐基因遗传及耐盐育种研究

水稻是一种对盐浓度中度敏感的作物,耐盐性状是受多基因控制的数量性状,易受环境条件等影响,目前定位的耐盐QTL主要为苗期耐盐相关的,其中以第1、2、6和7染色体上居多.耐盐品种的选育方法主要为系统选育法,将杂交选育和胁迫组织培养、转基因等生物技术相结合,选育耐盐性强且品质优良的品种.本文阐述了国内外开展的关于水稻耐盐基因遗传及耐盐育种研究动态,并对今后耐盐育种的工作提出了展望.     

盐胁迫下硝普钠对玉米种子萌发贮藏物质利用的影响

以100mmol/L NaCl作为盐胁迫条件.研究了100μmol/L外源一氧化氮供体硝普钠(SNP)处理对玉米种子萌发、幼苗生长及贮藏物质利用的影响.结果表明.SNP处理可以提高盐胁迫条件下玉米种子的发芽率,促进幼苗的生长.尤其对根的生长和根数的增加有显著的促进作用.是其耐盐性提高的主要原因.SNP处理.提高了盐胁迫下淀粉总酶的活性和种子贮藏物质的运转率.减少由于呼吸作用引起贮藏物质的消耗率.从而促进了盐胁迫下种子的萌发和幼苗生长.     

黄河三角洲东营地区盐生植物种质资源及经济价值

黄河三角洲东营地区土壤盐渍化严重,同时造就了盐生植物种质资源的生活条件,其天然植被大多数是耐盐的,有特殊的价值.本文根据在东营实地考察和黄河口调查及盐生植物园原地保存、引种的现况,介绍了东营地区重要盐生植物种质资源及其经济利用价值.     

独山大叶宽帮芥菜田间收获指标初步研究

对驰名中外的“独山盐酸菜”的原料——大叶宽帮芥菜进行田间植株生长状态、营养质量和加工品质等相关指标进行研究,结果表明:主茎长度可作为田间收获的质量参考指标;主茎长度为15～20cm时是最佳收获期,此时收获的菜茎叶比例适宜,加工产品成品率最高,产品色泽红黄,菜质脆嫩,风味最佳。     

小土豆滚出大产业——定边马铃薯加工业的发展构想

目前造成薯农增产不增收的主要原因是马铃薯以原料的形式出售.如何提高马铃薯的附加值?答案只有一个:将低值农产品的原料转化为高价值的工业化加工的商品.目前定边马铃薯总产量中的70%以鲜薯的原料方式运往外地.开展马铃薯就地加工则是解决定边马铃薯出路的根本途径.这不仅可以缓解定边县原料销售的压力,而且通过对马铃薯的加工利用,延长产业链,提高附加值.过去"买一个烧山芋"的笑话不再是新鲜事.     

即食苍南鱼饼的研制

即食苍南鱼饼是以鲅鱼等海水鱼为原料,经取肉、斩拌、调味、成型、熟化、真空包装、高温杀菌等主要工艺制作而成。其原辅料主要为鲅鱼等海水鱼、水、淀粉、蛋清、白糖、盐、味精和磷酸盐等。     

植物新品种保护与品种审定的意义和异同

随着知识产权愈来愈受到社会各界的关注，植物新品种保护工作也显得尤为重要。该文着重介绍了植物新品种保护的发展概况、意义及其与品种审定的异同，使读者对植物新品种保护工作有所了解。     

大白菜施肥技巧与主要病虫害防治

1施肥技巧 大白菜施肥原则是：整地重施有机肥，苗后分次巧追肥。追肥要掌握“少量多次、前少后多、分期供给”。肥后及时浇水，以达到肥水均匀，充分发挥肥效。     

果蔬采后存在问题及贮藏保鲜技术发展

随着生活水平的提高,果蔬产品成为人们摄取营养元素的重要食品之一。分析了我国果蔬采后存在的问题,并对低温及气调保鲜、化学保鲜剂、涂膜保鲜技术及超声保鲜技术等贮藏保鲜技术研究进行了综述,指出我国果蔬贮藏保鲜技术持续、稳定、健康的发展要倚重于科技创新。     

Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and residues of oil and protein crops

Oil and protein crops are of growing importance in cropping systems. This study was carried out to compare oil crops of linseed, rapeseed, sunflower and protein crops of faba bean and white lupin for grain production, residual plant dry matter and nitrogen. Two field experiments with either oil or protein crops were conducted in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Total dry matter production, grain yield, residues, N concentrations and mineral N in the soil were measured. Dry matter production and distribution as well as N uptake and residues varied greatly among species and between years. In 1993, oil crops gave up to 3 t ha⁻¹ grain and 16 t ha⁻¹ residues with sunflower, while in 1994 up to 5 and 11 t ha⁻¹, respectively, were recorded with winter rape. Protein crops showed an opposite reaction in years. Nitrogen uptake and residual N amounts were correlated with dry matter production. Plant residues of oil crops contained 20–140 kg N ha⁻¹; those of protein crops up to 80 kg N ha⁻¹. Despite the variation of residual plant N the variability of mineral N in the soil at harvest was hardly influenced by crops and amounted to only 20–50 kg NO⁻₃-N ha⁻¹.     

我国蔬菜产业和科学技术的发展与展望

1　我国蔬菜产业的发展现状蔬菜是人们日常生活中不可缺少的副食品,也是我国目前种植业中最具活力的经济作物。改革开放以来,随着市场经济的发展,农产品产销体制的不断改革和完善,特别是1988年实施“菜篮子工程”以来,蔬菜产业得到了蓬勃发展。1.1　播种面积1987~1999年,全国蔬菜播种面积由533.3万hm²,发展到1333.3万hm²,增长139.5%。1.2　总产量1987~1999年,全国蔬菜总产量由1.55亿t增加到4.05亿t,增长161.3%,使年人均鲜菜占有量达到330.7kg(世界各国人均105kg……     

向日葵抗盐碱生理生化机制与生长发育特性分析

以Y05-222A和Y06-136R杂交得到的135株F₂群体为研究材料,测定过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）等6个生理指标,并进行方差分析、相关性分析和通径分析,对F₂群体进行偏度及峰度分析。结果显示,以上6个生理指标在F₂群体中P>0.05,分布频率符合正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象;相关性分析和通径分析显示,这些指标与抗盐碱系数均呈极显著相关（正相关或负相关）,且相关系数与总间接通径系数方向一致。POD活性的直接通径系数为0.5003,可见POD直接影响抗盐碱性;CAT活性和Pro含量的直接通径系数分别为-0.1317和-0.0384,间接影响抗盐碱性;SOD活性、MDA及可溶性蛋白含量直接或间接影响抗盐碱性。POD、SOD、Pro、CAT、可溶性蛋白和MDA各生理指标的抗盐碱作用表现为POD>CAT>Pro>可溶性蛋白>MDA>SOD。叶片数、株高、茎粗和盘径与抗盐碱系数呈极显著正相关,其相关性表现为叶片数>盘径>株高>茎粗。以上结果可为研究油用向日葵抗盐碱性提供一定的理论基础。     

Approaches and Applications of Chemomics and Chemoinformatics

Some novel concepts of chemomics/molomics are proposed including hydrocarbomics, alcophenomics, carboxomics, pepitomics, metabonomics, etc. like genomics, protomics and glycomics in bioomics. Some examples are given to demonstrate the chemomics and/or molomics methodology and technology based chemoinformatics and bioinformatics and their wide applications in Chemistry and Biology.     

On Fengshui and Rockery and Water Layout

Definition of Fengshui and the theories of selecting mountain and water environment in Fengshui were elaborated. Theories about mountain-water relationship were expounded from the perspective of piling of rockeries and layout of water, a residential area in Hefei City, Beijing Olympics Park, Hangzhou Prince Bay Park, mineral pit of Shanghai Chenshan Botanic Garden, Beijing Beihai Park, Shanghai Changfeng Park were taken for example to demonstrate the influence of traditional rockery and mountain layout in Fengshui on modern landscape design.     

果蔬食品的褐变与控制

结合生产实际,对果蔬食品产生褐变的机理及其控制途径进行探讨。通过遗传学途径,培育果蔬新品种,使之不含易氧化变色物质,增强其天然抗褐变性,是控制果蔬褐变的根本途径。     

Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear

Summary Sweetness and acidity in apple and pear inherit independently and can be organoleptically evaluated separately, but less accurately in pear than in apple. For breeding purposes an analysis of fruits for acidity and sweetness with pH indicator paper and a hand refractometer is to be prefered to the organoleptic method.In apple, the acidity-decreasing with time-of the unripe fruit was already strongly indicative of that of the eating-ripe fruit; sugar-increasing with time-not before the fruit was picking ripe. Sugar content in apple and pear, and the pH in pear, appeared to be normally distributed; the pH in apple showed a segregation into an acid and a low-acid group, which occurred in both the unripe and ripe stage. The segregation ratio between these groups was found to be highly variable. On the whole, the mean acidity and sugar content of apple and pear progenies is significantly determined by that of the parents. Most of the observations made did not support the theory that low acidity in apple is determined by one recessive gene. The relationship between the pH of leaf juice and fruit juice in apple may offer a possibility for pre-selection.