2,6-二甲苯胺噻嗪对大鼠不同脑区Na+-K+-ATP酶的影响

2,6-二甲苯胺噻嗪(rompun,xylazine),广泛用于马、牛、羊、犬、猫、兔等多种动物的麻醉.例如2,6-二甲苯胺噻嗪复合麻醉剂对犬呼吸系统影响的评价[1].但是其作用机制却未见报道,本试验通过研究2,6-二甲苯胺噻嗪对大鼠不同脑区Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的影响,揭示2,6-二甲苯胺噻嗪复合麻醉剂对中枢神经系统钠、钾泵的作用机制,以阐明其麻醉作用对跨膜信号转导机制的影响,为今后α2-受体激动剂合理应用于临床建立理论依据与参考标准.     

2,6-二甲苯胺噻嗪对大鼠不同脑区cAMP含量的影响

为研究2,6-二甲苯胺噻嗪对大鼠cAMP含量的影响,探讨2,6-二甲苯胺噻嗪麻醉作用机制,本试验将48只大鼠随机分为对照组、诱导组、麻醉组、恢复Ⅰ组、恢复Ⅱ组和恢复Ⅲ组共6组,使用双抗体夹心酶标免疫分析法(ELISA)检测不同麻醉时期各脑区cAMP的含量。结果给药后大鼠大脑、海马、小脑和脑干cAMP含量分别升高,差异极显著。表明这4个脑区是2,6-二甲苯胺噻嗪作用的靶区,通过影响这几个脑区信号转导而产生麻醉作用。     

2,6-二甲苯胺噻嗪对大鼠不同脑区一氧化氮合酶活性及一氧化氮含量的影响

2,6-二甲苯胺噻嗪(Rompun.Xylazine),商品名称为隆朋,属于化学保定药(也称制动药),是1962年德国拜耳公司合成的一系列苯胺噻嗪取代物中的一种,起初用于医学临床作为降压药,后发现其为肾上腺素α2受体激动剂[1],具有确切的中枢性镇静、微弱的镇痛和肌松作用,被推广到兽医临床作为麻醉药应用,广泛用于马、牛、羊、犬、猫、兔等多种动物的麻醉.     

噻拉嗪对山羊不同脑区5-HT及5-HIAA含量影响的研究

<正>噻拉嗪(xylazine)化学名为2,6-二甲苯胺噻嗪,商品名为隆朋,属于α2肾上腺素能受体激动剂,具有中枢性镇痛、镇静和肌松等作用[1]。临床上广泛用于牛、马、羊、犬、猫等多种动物及各种野生动物的麻醉。5-羟色胺(5-HT)和5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)是机体内的重要单胺类神经递质,在中枢神经系统中起重要作用。反刍动物脑内单胺类神经递质含量的准确测定,对临床诊断和基础生理研究具有重     

新药隆朋与静松灵的作用与应用

1962年德国拜耳(Bayer)公司合成了一系列苯胺噻嗪制剂,其中以2,6二甲苯胺噻嗪(Xylazine,商品名为隆朋Rompum)的作用较为理想,并很快应用于临床。中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所1974年研制合成了较隆朋毒性低药理作用更强的二甲胺噻唑(商品名为静松灵)。中国人民解放军     

替来他明—唑拉西泮合剂对大鼠脑皮质突触体钙动力学的影响

研究替来他明-唑拉西泮合剂对大鼠大脑皮质突触体钙离子浓度的影响,探讨突触体钙离子浓度变化与替来他明-唑拉西泮合剂麻醉的关系.密度梯度离心法制备SD大鼠大脑突触体悬液,分别加入高、中、低浓度的替来他明-唑拉西泮合剂,1mol/L KCl诱导作为对照,采用荧光分光光度法测定突触体内钙离子浓度.结果表明,加入替来他明-唑拉西泮合剂后,突触体内钙离子浓度升高,与对照组比较差异极显著(P＜0.01)；随着药物浓度的增加,突触体内钙离子浓度逐渐升高；替来他明-唑拉西泮合剂麻醉对大鼠大脑皮质突触体钙离子浓度的影响存在浓度依赖性.结果提示,替来他明-唑拉西泮合剂引起大鼠脑神经突触前钙离子内流使突触体内钙离子浓度升高,促使突触囊泡释放抑制性神经递质可能是其产生全身麻醉作用的机理之一.     

静松灵对水牛的镇静、麻醉和保定作用的试验观察

新的兽用药静松灵(二甲苯胺噻唑)系在二甲苯胺噻嗪的基础上合成的。二甲苯胺噻唑在国外称Rompun(龙朋)或xylazine(息而静),于1962年由德国合成,经过大量的药理及临床方面的研究,由Sagner氏提出报告之后,引起兽医界的重视和注意。近年来在欧洲、美洲和非洲已广泛应用于家畜和野生动物的兽医实践之中。二甲苯胺噻嗪的化学名:2(2,6—二甲基苯胺)—5,6—二     

赛拉唑对大鼠不同脑区NO-NOS-cGMP信号转导系统的影响

观察赛拉唑对大鼠不同脑区NOS活性、NO和cGMP含量的影响,以探讨NO-NOS-cGMP信号转导系统对赛拉唑全麻分子机理的调控.Wistar纯种大鼠84只,随机选取12只为生理盐水对照组,其余随机均分为低剂量赛拉唑用药组和高剂量赛拉唑用药组,每个剂量组又分为麻醉期、翻正反射恢复期和苏醒期3个亚组(各12只).用分光光度法测定大鼠不同脑区NOS活性和NO产量,放射免疫法测定脑cGMP含量.结果表明,赛拉唑能明显地抑制大鼠大脑皮质、小脑、海马和脑干NOS活性、NO和cGMP含量.并且NOS活性、NO含量的抑制作用呈现荆量依赖性增加趋势,这种变化与大鼠赛拉唑麻醉后行为学变化相吻合.结果提示,NO-NOS-cGMP信号传递系统参与了赛拉唑全麻作用产生的分子学机制的调控.     

氯胺酮与氯胺酮配合安定或哌替啶对犬临床与生理的影响

盐酸氯胺酮系非巴比妥类麻醉药,但存在肌肉松弛不充分,易发生惊厥、被毛粗乱和大量唾液分泌等缺点。为克服这些副作用,曾将该药与阿托品、乙酰丙嗪、赛拉嗪(二甲苯胺噻嗪),羟二氢吗啡酮和三氟丙嗪配合应用于多种动物的麻醉。本试验研究了给予和不给予麻醉前给药哌替啶或阿托品—安定,氯胺酮对犬的生理和     

人参叶口服液对大鼠的亚慢性毒性试验

将Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,3个剂量组(以人参皂苷计)分别按40、80、160 mg/kg体重给大鼠灌胃,对照组给予同体积生理盐水,1次/d,连续28 d,记录大鼠毒副反应.停药后继续观察14 d,测试大鼠体重、血液学指标、血液生化学指标、脏器指数.结果表明,各剂量组大鼠与对照组比较,给药期与恢复期的体重增长,血液...     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.