怎样氨化秸秆饲料育肥肉牛

作物秸秆含粗纤维多，粗蛋白少，消化率低，难吸收，多被烧掉或废弃。但经过氨化处理后的秸秆，总营养价值可提高一倍以上，用于饲喂育肥肉牛，100千克氮化秸秆相当于100千克未氮化的秸秆与20-30千克精料的营养总和。     

反刍动物秸秆饲料的整体利用技术

本文综述了改善作物秸秆营养价值的“单一”技术与整体利用技术-营养工程技术。     

氨化秸秆育肥肉牛及其推广效果

<正> 河北省无极县是平原粮棉高产区。每年产可饲秸秆3.1亿公斤,近年来,随着畜牧业的迅速发展,每年消耗1.35亿多公斤词科,人们越来越深刻的感到精料之不足,严重影响了畜牧业的再发展。无极县委、县政府和全县人民越来越迫切的要求,开辟新的饲草饲料途径。县畜牧部门首先开展了氨化秸秆育肥肉牛的研究。在科研取得成功的基础上,又及时开展在全县推广这一科研成果,并获得成功。     

秸秆微贮饲料育肥肉牛试验

试验采用“海星”牌秸秆发酵活干菌处理玉米秸秆制成微贮饲料进行肉牛育肥试验 ,可提高日增重 12 7g(P <0 0 1) ,每增重 1kg可节约精饲料 0 73kg(P <0 0 1)。试验表明 ,秸秆经微贮处理 ,能提高适口性、粗蛋白含量和有机物消化率 ,并且无毒无害。     

氨化秸秆育肥肉牛

秸秆经过氨化处理就成为氨化秸秆,氨化后的秸秆其营养价值提高近一倍．用氨化秸秆养牛可以大大降低饲养成本．育肥肉牛收益大,有试验表明用1000kg秸秆进行氨化处理后．就等于1000kg粗料与250kg精饲料营养的总和,因此说氨化秸秆既是目前秸秆处理的好方法．也是养牛增效的好方法．     

秸秆酶化育肥肉牛试验

考察玉米秸秆经酶化处理对提高肉牛增重效果和养牛业经济效益的影响。结果表明,试验期内试验组头均增重38.31 kg,对照组头均增重33.10 kg;试验组头均日增重638.50 g,比对照组头均日增重551.67 g提高15.87%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;育肥肉牛效益提高55.60%。     

替代法估测肉牛对稻草和麦秸的有效能值

为分析替代法估测肉牛对稻草和麦秸的有效能值及适宜的替代比例,本研究选取12头体重相近(266±13.41)kg的11~12月龄皖东牛公牛,随机分为3组,每组4头牛,分3期进行饲喂试验。第1期:所有供试牛饲喂由带穗玉米青贮组成的基础饲粮,测定基础饲粮的有效能值;第2期和第3期:各组供试牛分别饲喂由稻草或麦秸按不同比例(10%、30%和60%)替代基础饲粮组成的试验饲粮。每期试验14 d,其中前10 d为预饲期,后4 d为正试期。正试期消化代谢和呼吸代谢试验同时进行,测定肉牛对各试验饲粮的能量代谢情况。结果表明,1)与基础饲粮相比,稻草或麦秸替代降低了肉牛对试验饲粮干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率,且以上指标随替代比例的增加呈逐渐下降趋势。2)基础饲粮组和各替代组之间总能(GE)采食量无明显差异(P0.05),而消化能(DE)、代谢能(ME)和净能(NE)采食量随稻草或麦秸替代比例的增加而显著降低(P0.05),总能消化率、总能代谢率和消化能代谢率与稻草或麦秸替代比例呈负相关关系。3)根据不同试验饲粮的有效能值与稻草或麦秸替代比例之间的回归方程,估算得出稻草的DE、ME和NE分别为8.51、5.79和3.64 MJ·kg-1,麦秸的对应值分别为7.89、5.08和3.13 MJ·kg-1;10%、30%和60%3个替代比例中,30%替代比例所计算得稻草或麦秸有效能值的变异度最小(P0.05)。综上可知,替代比例会影响稻草和麦秸有效能值的测定结果,本研究中稻草或麦秸替代比例为30%时优于10%和60%。在估测单一粗饲料原料有效能值时,回归法和替代法结合能提高测定结果的准确度,也有助于筛选替代法最佳的替代比例。     

肉牛对不同粉碎细度玉米秸和花生秧的消化率

我国肉牛饲料以秸秆为主,辅以精料补充料育肥。牛由于其独特的瘤胃结构,能够利用大量单胃动物不能利用的粗饲料,对纤维素的消化率为５０%－９０%。提高肉牛粗饲料利用率是目前     

A nutritional myopathy enzootic in a group of yearling beef cattle

Steers and bulls under feedlot conditions and on an apparently adequate ration developed transitory signs of diarrhea and unthriftiness. One animal became recumbent. Sick and clinically normal animals in the group had elevated serum creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase enzyme values and degenerative changes in muscle fibers on biopsy. Feed analysis was carried out and the animals were monitored over several weeks by means of muscle biopsy and serum enzyme analysis as well as by postmortem examination at slaughter. Subclinical myopathy was found in several animals and was thought to be related to low vitamin E content in the high moisture corn ration.     

An overview of beef cattle improvement programs in the United States

A periodic review of beef improvement programs is useful as a benchmark and as an opportunity to reevaluate industry direction. The history of improvement programs is reviewed with particular emphasis on recording organizations, program financing, and technological progress. The various breed associations have become the primary suppliers of performance programs, which are largely funded through registration income. Current practices are described from the aspects of traits recorded and delivery systems to collect, analyze, and distribute the data. The unique or innovative features of several breed made of the organization, technical, and educational challenges facing beef improvement. Although increased participation in genetic improvement programs is expected, substantial efforts are needed to serve adequately the needs of a changing beef cattle industry.     

饲喂微生物发酵小麦秸秆对肉牛生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

为研究微生物发酵小麦秸秆对肉牛生长性能和屠宰性能的影响,试验采用单因素设计,选择体重相近的健康肉牛120头,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,试验1、2、3、4组分别饲喂微生物发酵小麦秸秆替代0%、20%、40%、60%普通小麦秸秆的基础日粮,试验期为60 d,在试验结束时测定生长性能和肉品质。结果表明:(1)试验3、4组料重比较1组分别降低6.74%、5.87%(P<0.05);试验2、3、4组的平均日采食量均高于1组(P>0.05);试验3、4组的日增重较1组分别提高36.6%、24.4%(P<0.05);试验2、3、4组熟肉率、失水率、肉色、嫩度与1组均差异性不显著(P>0.05);试验2、3、4组的粗灰分、p H均低于1组(P>0.05);试验3、4组粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、大理花纹分别较1组提高19.28%、18.94%、45.15%、42.35%、46.75%、43.09%(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲喂微生物发酵小麦秸秆替代40%普通小麦秸秆日粮可以提高肉牛的生长性能和肉品质。     

The effects of nutritional management on carcass merit of beef cattle and on sensory properties of beef.

The ultimate goal of feeding beef cattle is to develop a meat product that satisfies consumer needs. Nutritional management plays a significant role in determining carcass merit of beef cattle. Certain management procedures (eg, metabolic modifiers, early weaning), general animal health (eg, history of respiratory disease), and certain feed ingredients (eg, trace minerals, antioxidants) can have positive and negative effects on the overall quality of beef that is supplied to the consuming public.     

肉牛品改冷配技术体系中的计算机管理系统

在我国南方很多省份,肉牛主要以散养为主,导致母牛发情后常不能及时冷配,而冷配员却又闲着的现状,从而使母牛配种率低、存栏母牛有下降趋势。针对此情况,研发了肉牛冷配软件(软著登字2009SR11157,软件产品登记测试(2009-12-S2701)),对发情(乏情)预报、发情控制以及冷配员日常工作等方面进行计算机管理。冷配员通过规范地记录日常工作数据,逐步输入计算机,利用软件制定的日常工作计划实施冷配。结果表明:(1)对发情正常但漏配的母牛,通过软件准确预报有效黄体期,实施1次PG同期发情技术,同期发情率高于直肠检查组;(2)对乏情母牛,既实现了不通过直肠检查尽早发现、及时治疗缩短产犊间隔的目的,又获得了较高的受胎率;(3)规范了母牛的繁殖记录、提高了数据利用效率,并促进了牛繁殖数据记录的持续开展。