大豆磷脂对肉仔鸡抗氧化性能影响的研究

试验研究大豆磷脂对肉仔鸡抗氧化性能的影响。选择AA肉仔鸡分成4组,分别饲喂含0、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%大豆磷脂的日粮。42 d屠宰,测定血清、肝脏、胸肌和腿肌中的丙二醛(MDA)及血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量。试验结果表明:饲喂1%大豆磷脂组血清中MDA的含量明显低于对照组(P<0.05),大豆磷脂对肝脏、胸肌、腿肌MDA的含量及血清SOD的活性没有显著影响。结果提示,大豆磷脂具有很好的降低血清MDA含量的作用。     

不同赖氨酸添加水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响

试验研究了日粮中不同赖氨酸添加水平对0～3周龄肉仔公鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响，各组的基础日粮相同，试验设6个赖氨酸处理水平，分别为0．65％、0．80％、0．95％、1．10％、1．25％和1．40%。将1日龄从肉仔公鸡450只分成6个处理，每个处理5个重复，每个重复15只。结果表明t赖氨酸水平对0-3周龄肉仔公鸡采食量、平均日增重、饲料转化效率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腹脂率均有显著影响。赖氨酸含量达到1．1％-1．25％才能维持肉仔鸡正常快速生长及较好的胴体品质。     

不同方式添加锰对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

试验选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡180只,随机分为3组。Ⅰ组为对照组,添加硫酸锰（MnSO4&#183;H2O）120毫克/千克;Ⅱ组添加蛋氨酸螯合锰60毫克/千克;Ⅲ组分别添加蛋氨酸螯合锰（Met-Mn）30毫克/千克和硫酸锰（MnSO4&#183;H2O）60毫克/千克。研究不同方式添加锰对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明,3种不同方式添加锰对肉仔鸡生产性能无显著影响（P〉0.05）,但Ⅲ组的饲料成本有所降低。因此,在肉仔鸡日粮中以第三种方式（30毫克/千克Met-Mn＋60毫克/千克MnSO4&#183;H2O）添加锰效果最佳。     

不同湿度和氨水平对肉仔鸡抗氧化性能及肉品质的影响

本研究旨在探讨鸡舍内不同湿度和氨浓度对肉仔鸡机体抗氧化性能和肉品质的影响.试验选用健康、体质量相近的21日龄AA雄性肉仔鸡192只,随机分为2组.一组为高氨组(暴露于70 mg·kg-1氨气,H),另一组是低氨组(暴露于30 mg·kg-1氨气,L).其中每一组的一半分别置于60％湿度(对照组,C),另一半置于35％湿度(处理组,T),这样组成4个试验组,对照1:60％湿度+30 mg·kg-1氨水平组(C+L)、对照2:60%湿度+70 mg·kg-1氨水平组(C+H)、处理1:35％湿度+30 mg·kg-1氨水平组(T+L),以及处理2:35％湿度+70 mg· kg-1氨水平组(T+H),试验期21 d.试验结束时测定肉仔鸡生产性能,血液及肌肉抗氧化性能和肉品质相关指标.试验结果表明,高氨(70 mg· kg-1)水平显著降低肉仔鸡结束体质量,平均日采食量,日增体质量,血液及肌肉中总抗氧化力及肉仔鸡宰后45 min时的胸肌a*值(P＜0.05);增加了胸肌存放5d时硫代巴比妥酸反应物水平(TBARS)含量,胸肌滴水损失率,宰后45 min时的胸肌b*值(P＜0.05)和L*值(P=0.054)及肌肉剪切力(P=0.075).低湿(35％相对湿度)处理降低了肉仔鸡试验结束体质量(P＜0.05),平均日采食量(P＜0.05)及平均日增体质量(P=0.072),胸肌中超氧化物歧化酶及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P＜0.05)及宰后45 min时的胸肌L*值(P=0.053);增加了肌肉剪切力(P=0.057)和胸肌存放5及7d时的TBARS含量(P＜0.05).与低氨对照组(C+L)相比,高氨低湿组处理组(T+H)肉仔鸡的试验结束体质量、平均日采食量、平均日增体质量、血清总抗氧化力、胸肌中总超氧化物歧化酶及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,胸肌宰后45 min a*值均显著降低(P＜0.05),而宰后5及7d肌肉中TBARS含量、肌肉中滴水损失及肌肉剪切力均显著提高(P＜0.05).本研究结果揭示肉仔鸡舍内高氨(70 mg·kg-1)及低湿度均显著降低了肉仔鸡生产性能、机体抗氧化能力及肌肉品质,且低湿度环境加剧了高氨的不良影响.     

烟酸和不同水平叶酸对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

试验选用1日龄艾维茵商品代白羽肉鸡210只,随机分成7组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。处理Ⅰ组为对照组,处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组叶酸的添加水平分别为0.75、1.5和3.0 mg/kg;处理Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组烟酸的添加水平为60 mg/kg,叶酸的添加水平分别为0.75、1.5和3.0 mg/kg。于21日龄时,以重复为单位逐个称重,记录耗料量,计算料重比。结果表明,在21日龄时,与对照组相比,日粮中添加不同水平的叶酸均可显著提高肉仔鸡的日增重和日采食量,降低料重比（P<0.05）;添加60 mg/kg烟酸和不同水平叶酸可极显著提高肉仔鸡的日增重（P<0.01）。     

饲料中添加维生素E对肉种鸡和肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

设４ 个处理组,即在肉种鸡饲粮中添加ＶＥ：０ 、２０ 、３０ 和４０ＩＵ／ｋｇ 。结果表明,饲料中添加ＶＥ 对种蛋受精率、孵化率和肉仔鸡成活率有明显影响（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。４０ＩＵ 的一组明显高于其它各组（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。种鸡产蛋率、产蛋量、肉仔鸡日增重、平均日耗料量和料重比不受饲粮ＶＥ添加量的影响（Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） 。     

不同添加水平的包膜丁酸钠颗粒对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

本试验在基础日粮基础上,分别添加100、200、300、500和800 mg/kg包膜丁酸钠颗粒的5种不同添加组合的饲料饲喂肉仔鸡,以研究包膜丁酸钠对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。试验结果表明:其中500 mg/kg包膜丁酸钠添加组的料重比最低,从低到高依次是500 mg/kg组>800 mg/kg组>300 mg/kg组>200 mg/kg组>100 mg/kg组。从本试验来看,包膜丁酸钠具有提高肉仔鸡生产性能的效果,肉仔鸡配合日粮中添加500mg/kg包膜丁酸钠的效果最佳。     

不同水平牛至油对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响

将150只1日龄健康艾维菌肉仔鸡随机分为5组．在其基础日粮中分别添加75、100、125、150毫克／千克的10％牛至油预混剂．饲喂6周。结果表明，牛至油可提高肉仔鸡全期的增重速度（P〈0．01），改善料肉比（P〈0.01）；42日龄试验组平均屠宰率、胸肌率和腿肌率分别比对照组高2．51％（p〉0．05）、8．93％（p〈0．05）、9．60％（p〈0．05），试验组平均腹脂率比对照组低16．30％（p〈0．01）。生长前期（0-3周龄）以125毫克／千克的添加量为宜．生长后期（4-6周龄）的适宜添加量为100毫克／千克。     

添加吡啶羧酸铬对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响研究

选用144只1日龄体重均匀、健康的艾维茵肉仔鸡,随机分成6个日粮处理组:1组为对照组,喂基础日粮;2～6组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加0.5mg/kg、1mg/kg、1.5mg/kg、2mg/kg、2.5mg/kg铬(以吡啶羧酸铬形式),研究在日粮中添加不同浓度的吡啶羧酸铬对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响.试验结果表明:①日粮中添加铬浓度为0.5～1mg/kg的吡啶羧酸铬时,能显著提高肉仔鸡增重,明显改善肉仔鸡的饲料效率(P＜0.05);②日粮中添加铬(吡啶羧酸铬形式)能够提高经济效益.     

日粮中添加不同柠檬酸水平对肉仔鸡生长的影响

为研究日粮柠檬酸水平对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响,选280只麻黄商品肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,采用天康三黄肉鸡料（料号610s和613s）作为基础日粮,试验组各组柠檬酸添加水平分别是0、0.25%、0.5%、1%,试验期为5周。结果表明,0.5%的柠檬酸添加组,鸡增重最快,比对照组提高4%（P〉0.05）,添加0.25%、0.5%的柠檬酸鸡的饲料报酬最高,比对照组提高3.4%（P〉0.05）、4.1%（P〉0.05）。从试验结果,添加柠檬酸对日粮有机物质的消化率有影响,其中添加0.5%柠檬酸鸡的蛋白质消化率最高（P〈0.05）,Ca.P的消化率试验组显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论,肉鸡日粮添加0.5%柠檬酸对其生长有一定促进作用。     

马齿苋粉对肉鸡生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响

文章旨在研究饲粮中添加马齿苋粉对肉鸡生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响。试验选取平均体重接近的1日龄AA肉鸡160只,称重后随机分为4组,试验1、2、3组在对照组饲粮的基础上分别添加0.30%、0.60%、0.90%的马齿苋粉,共处理42 d。结果发现,与对照组相比,肉鸡21日龄时,试验1、2、3组ADG分别增加5.5%、10.0%、6.8%(P <0.05),试验1、2组F/C分别降低8.2%、6.4%(P <0.05);42日龄时,试验1、2、3组ADG分别增加8.9%、9.6%、8.7%(P <0.05),F/C分别降低8.6%、9.6%、10.1%(P <0.05)。此外,21日龄时,试验1、2、3组肉鸡血清中T-AOC比对照组分别增加12.0%、14.4%、10.1%(P <0.05),T-SOD活性分别增加6.6%、10.5%、9.1%(P <0.05),MDA浓度分别降低6.3%、8.0%、5.6%(P <0.05);42日龄时,试验1、2、3组肉鸡血清中T-AOC比对照组分别提高13.9%、20.3%、13.6%(P <0.05),T-SOD活性分别提高10.5%、14.8%、9.5%(P <0.05),MDA浓度分别降低11.1%、14.9%、9.7%(P <0.05),试验1、2组血清中GSH-Px活性较对照组分别提高10.2%、11.8%(P <0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加马齿苋粉显著促进肉鸡生长及增强抗氧化能力。     

Effects of dietary supplementation with carnosine on meat quality and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens

1. This study aimed to investigate the effects of carnosine supplementation on meat quality, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation status in broiler chickens.

2. A total of 256 1-d-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments consisting of 8 replicates of 8 chickens each. The birds were supplied with 4 different diets: a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg carnosine, respectively. The whole experiment lasted 42 d.

3. The results showed that dietary supplementation with carnosine linearly increased the values of pH_45 min and redness and reduced drip loss of breast meat. Dietary carnosine increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in liver, serum and breast meat and decreased the contents of lipid peroxides at 21 and 42 d of age.

4. These findings indicated that dietary supplementation with carnosine was beneficial to enhance meat quality, antioxidant capacity and decrease lipid peroxidation status of breast meat.     

Effects of different dietary sources and levels of selenium supplements on growth performance,antioxidant status and immune parameters in Ross 308 broiler chickens

1. Although different impacts of various sources of selenium (Se) on chicken performance have been largely studied, there is a lack of comparative experiments studying the effects of these sources on the immune system and antioxidant indices of broiler tissues. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of various sources and levels of dietary Se supplements on performance, antioxidant status and immune parameters in Ross 308 broiler chickens.

2. A total of 1200 1-d-old male broilers (Ross × Ross 308) were divided into 8 treatments with 6 replicate pens and 25 birds per pen. This experiment was conducted as a completely randomised design with a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. Main factors included Se sources as sodium selenite (SS), Se-enriched yeast (SY), DL-selenomethionine (SM) and nano-selenium (NS) and levels at 0.1 or 0.4 mg/kg Se.

3. Dietary supplementation of organic Se sources significantly improved average daily gain (ADG), gain: feed ratio and European production efficiency factor (P < 0.05) compared to birds fed on diets supplemented with inorganic source. In addition, ADG was increased in response to increased level of supplemental Se. Based on contrast comparison, there were significant differences in these parameters between organic versus inorganic sources of Se. However, there was no difference between contrast comparisons of NS versus SM and SY.

4. Total anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) titres and hypersensitivity were enhanced by increasing supplemental concentration of Se and using organic sources of Se rather than SS (P < 0.05).

5. Oxidation resistance assessment of tissues demonstrated that supplementation of organic sources of Se and increase in supplemental concentration of Se ameliorated glutathione peroxidase activity, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde formation (P < 0.05). Mostly, there were significant differences between organic versus inorganic sources of Se in oxidation resistance.

6. Overall, dietary supplementation of 0.4 mg/kg Se from an organic source resulted in better production performance and immune system response. Moreover, minimum formation of malondialdehyde in broiler tissue was observed in birds fed on diets supplemented with SM at 0.4 mg/kg.

7. It can be concluded that SM is more effective than other sources of Se in reducing lipid oxidation.     

Effects of Astragalus membranaceus on growth performance,carcass characteristics,and antioxidant status of broiler chickens

Abstract

An experiment was conducted using 720 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens to evaluate the effects of Astragalus membranaceus root powder (AMP), Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and antioxidant enzymes, and metabolites of blood and liver in broiler chickens. The six dietary treatments included a control that was a corn–soybean meal basal diet; basal diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg antibiotic; 350 mg/kg APS; or 5000, 10,000, or 15,000 mg/kg diet of AMP. Supplementation of 10,000 mg/kg AMP increased average daily gain and feed conversion rate of broilers in grower period (22–42 d) and over the entire experiment compared to basic diet. Responses of antioxidant status to dietary APS and AMP varied depending on the age of the broilers. Beneficial effects of AMP on growth and feed utilization of broilers could be obtained by inclusion of AMP at the rate of 10,000 mg/kg diet.     

二色胡枝子提取物对肉仔鸡生产性能及抗氧化指标的影响

探讨日粮中添加二色胡枝子提取物(Extractive of Lespedeza bicolor,LBE)对肉仔鸡生产性能及抗氧化作用的影响。试验选用500只健康1日龄商品代艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为10组,每组5个重复,试验期42d。对照组(CK)饲喂基础日粮,试验1～3组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子粗提物90,100和110mg/kg;试验4～6组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子乙酸乙酯萃取物60,70和80mg/kg;试验7～9组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子正丁醇萃取物60,70和80mg/kg。试验结果表明:日粮中添加二色胡枝子乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物对肉仔鸡生产性能有促进作用,可提高肉仔鸡的抗氧化功能。     

Effects of dietary inclusion levels of palm oil on growth performance,antioxidative status and serum cytokines of broiler chickens

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary palm oil inclusion levels on growth performance, serum antioxidative status and cytokines in Sanhuang broiler chickens. A total of 208 one‐day‐old female Sanhuang chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with four replicates per group and of 13 birds each for a 42‐day feeding trial. Dietary treatments were basal diet without palm oil (control) and diets containing 2%, 4% or 6% palm oil. During days 22 to 42 and the overall experimental period, chickens fed diets supplemented with 4% and 6% palm oil had a lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.019) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) (p = 0.031). Average daily gain (ADG) tended to be higher (p = 0.089) for palm oil inclusion treatments compared with the control treatment from days 1 to 42. Dietary 2% and 4% palm oil treatments significantly lowed serum malondialdehyde concentration on day 21 when compared to the control and 6% palm oil treatments (p = 0.027). Dietary 6% palm oil treatment significantly reduced the catalase (CAT) activity (p = 0.018) and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) (p = 0.027) in serum in comparison with the control treatment on day 21. No significant differences were observed in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities in serum among dietary treatments on day 21. There were no significant differences in T‐AOC, CAT, SOD and GSH‐Px activities among dietary treatments on day 42. Dietary inclusion of 4% and 6% palm oil significantly increased (p = 0.01) serum interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) content, but improved transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) content in serum on both days 21 and 42 (p = 0.032 and 0.022 respectively) as well as IL‐10 content on day 42 (p = 0.022) when compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, dietary inclusion of 6% palm oil significantly reduced tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) content on days 21 and 42 (p = 0.021 and 0.001 respectively) compared with the control treatment. These results suggest that dietary inclusion of 4% and 6% palm oil could improve the growth performance, modulate the balance between pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, and show limited effect on antioxidative status in Sanhuang broiler chickens.     

The effect of dietary turmeric on antioxidant properties of thigh meat in broiler chickens after slaughter

Two hundred and fifty‐day‐old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used to investigate the dietary supplementation effects of different levels of 0.0 turmeric rhizome powder (TRP) (free TRP, F.TRP), 0.25 (low TRP, L.TRP), 0.5 (medium TRP, M.TRP) and 0.75% TRP (high TRP, H.TRP) or 50 mg/kg vitamin E (VE) on antioxidant properties of thigh meat in broiler chickens after slaughter. No effect of treatment was observed for the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in thigh meat (P > 0.05) but all were reduced over time (P < 0.0001). A significant treatment*time interaction was observed for thigh meat GPX activity (P = 0.02). Significant effects of treatment and time were observed for malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the treatments for thigh meat MDA content at slaughter (P > 0.05). Three days after refrigerator storage, MDA content in thigh meat of M.TRP birds was lower than that of F.TRP birds (P < 0.05). Both the M.TRP and VE birds showed a lower MDA content in thigh meat as compared with F.TRP birds 7 days after storage (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary consumption of 5 mg/kg TRP can increases the thigh meat shelf‐life storage and quality in broiler chickens after slaughter.     

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effect of Lactobacillus fermentum and Enterococcus faecium strains on internal milieu,antioxidant status and body weight of broiler chickens

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the functional efficiency of two probiotic strains Lactobacillus fermentum CCM 7158 and Enterococcus faecium M 74 given to the drinking water on internal milieu, antioxidant status and body weight of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted on hybrid Hybro (n = 180). The feeding period lasted 42 days. Experimental chickens of E1 group received a probiotic preparation in drinking water with concentration of 1 × 10⁹ colony forming units (CFU) of L. fermentum CCM 7158 in 1 g of nutrient medium and experimental chickens of E2 group concentration of 2 × 10⁹ CFU of E. faecium M 74 in 1 g of nutrient medium. The control group of animals received water without any additives. Triglycerides content in serum mainly with L. fermentum strain against the control group was decreased. Calcium content in both experimental groups and significantly in E. faecium group was increased. Antioxidant status in both probiotic groups was significantly increased. The content of bilirubin in group with E. faecium M 74 was significantly increased. In conclusion, addition of a microbial feed additive (L. fermentum and E. faecium) increased serum calcium and iron level, decreased triglycerides content in blood and slightly increased body weight of broiler chickens.     

Effects of star anise (Illicium verum Hook.f.), essential oil,and leavings on growth performance,serum, and liver antioxidant status of broiler chickens

An experiment using 384 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers that were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 8 replicates in a completely randomized design was conducted to assess the effects of star anise (Illicium verum Hook.f.), essential oil, and leavings on growth performance and antioxidant status of broiler chickens. The treatments were corn-soybean meal based diets supplemented with 5 g/kg star anise, 0.2 g/kg essential oil, and 5 g/kg leavings of the diets for 42 days. All broilers had similar feed conversions over the entire experimental period. However, broilers supplemented with star anise and its essential oil had higher (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI than those of the control and leavings. Supplementation of star anise and its essential oil increased (P < 0.05) activities of super dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase but decreased (P < 0.05) content of malondialdehyde in the serum of broilers at 21 d and 42 d of age. And it also increased (P < 0.05) activities of super dismutase and catalase but decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of malondialdehyde in the liver of broilers at the same periods. Dietary supplementation of star anise and its essential oil improved growth performance and serum and liver antioxidant status. The efficacy is best at 5 g/kg star anise or 0.2 g/kg essential oil in the diet.