日粮中添加柠檬酸对肉鸡生产性能的影响

将36只21日龄的艾维茵仔鸡,随机分成6组(第一组为对照组),试验采用玉米-豆饼型基础日粮,各组日粮柠檬酸添加水平分别是0、0.15%、0.25%、0.5%、1%、2%,试验期5周,研究了日粮柠檬酸水平对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响.结果表明,日粮中添加0.25%的柠檬酸,鸡增重最快;添加2%柠檬酸,可显著降低肉鸡增重;添加0.15%、0.25%柠檬酸.鸡的饲料报酬最高.添加柠檬酸对日粮有机物质的消化率有显著影响,其中添加0.25%柠檬酸鸡的蛋白质消化率最高.因此认为,日粮添加0.25%柠檬酸为适宜添加量,添加2%柠檬酸为其最大耐受量.     

日粮中添加不同柠檬酸水平对肉仔鸡生长的影响

为研究日粮柠檬酸水平对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响,选280只麻黄商品肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,采用天康三黄肉鸡料（料号610s和613s）作为基础日粮,试验组各组柠檬酸添加水平分别是0、0.25%、0.5%、1%,试验期为5周。结果表明,0.5%的柠檬酸添加组,鸡增重最快,比对照组提高4%（P〉0.05）,添加0.25%、0.5%的柠檬酸鸡的饲料报酬最高,比对照组提高3.4%（P〉0.05）、4.1%（P〉0.05）。从试验结果,添加柠檬酸对日粮有机物质的消化率有影响,其中添加0.5%柠檬酸鸡的蛋白质消化率最高（P〈0.05）,Ca.P的消化率试验组显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论,肉鸡日粮添加0.5%柠檬酸对其生长有一定促进作用。     

日粮添加柠檬酸对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

采用六处理三重复单因子试验研究0%、0.05%、0.15%、0.25%、0.35%和0.55%柠檬酸添加水平对蛋鸡生产性能的影响,并分析各柠檬酸添加水平对蛋鸡高温期间生产性能的影响。结果表明:0.05%~0.55%柠檬酸添加量显著降低整个试验期和试验高温期的软、破蛋率(P<0.05),对其它生产指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

日粮中添加不同有机酸对肉鸡生产性能的影响

选择体重相近、健康的1日龄罗曼肉用雏120只,在基础日粮中分别添加0.2%柠檬酸、乳酸和延胡索酸,观察有机酸对肉鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明:在22～42日龄,添加柠檬酸组和延胡索酸组采食量均比对照组显著增加(P<0.05);在1～21日龄及全期,添加柠檬酸组日增重比对照组显著增加(P<0.05),在22～42日龄添加柠檬酸组日增重比对照组和添加乳酸组有显著增加(P<0.05);3种有机酸对料肉比指标影响有下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。     

日粮中添加柠檬酸对肉鸡生长性能及钙磷代谢的影响

采用1日龄罗斯308肉鸡共450羽作为试验鸡,随机分为5组,每组90羽。试验I组为对照组,试验Ⅱ～V组分别添加不同水平的柠檬酸。结果表明,基础日粮中添加适量的柠檬酸可提高肉鸡早期的体增重,降低料肉比,提高成活率,提高家禽对钙、磷的利用率,家禽粪磷的排泄量明显下降,同时降低了日粮中磷酸氢钙的添加量。饲料生产加工中柠檬酸的推荐添加量应为0.4%。     

肉鸡日粮中添加柠檬酸的效果研究

采用1日龄黄羽肉鸡共300只作为试验鸡,随机分为5组,每组60只。试验Ⅰ组为对照组,试验Ⅱ~Ⅴ组分别添加不同水平的柠檬酸。结果表明基础日粮中添加适量的柠檬酸可提高肉鸡早期的体增重,降低料肉比,提高成活率。提高家禽对钙、磷的利用率,家禽粪磷的排泄量明显下降,还降低了日粮中磷酸氢钙的添加量。试验结果表明,饲料生产加工中柠檬酸的推荐添加量应为0.3%。     

柠檬酸对肉兔生产性能、血液生化指标和肌肉氨基酸的影响

试验旨在研究柠檬酸对肉兔生产性能、血液生化指标和肌肉氨基酸的影响。将252只体重相近、公母各半的35日龄健康新西兰断奶肉兔分为7组，每组6个重复，每个重复6只，对照组饲喂基础日粮，4个柠檬酸组在基础日粮分别添加0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%柠檬酸，2个抗生素组分别添加10 mg/kg金霉素和10mg/kg恩拉霉素，试验共42d。结果表明：与对照组相比，添加金霉素和1.0%及以上水平柠檬酸可提高肉兔日增重和采食量（P<0.05），各组对屠宰性能均无显著影响；金霉素和1.5%、2.0%柠檬酸可提高血液葡萄糖和甘油三酯浓度（P<0.05）,2%柠檬酸还可提高血液胆固醇含量（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，添加1.5%柠檬酸可提高兔肉必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量（P<0.05）。本试验条件下，添加柠檬酸可一定程度替代金霉素和恩拉霉素，从提高生产性能看，柠檬酸适宜添加量为1.0%；从改善血液生化和肌肉氨基酸含量看，柠檬酸适宜添加量为1.5%。     

仔猪料中添加柠檬酸对营养物质消化率的影响

本试验目的在于探讨饲料中不同柠檬酸添加水平对仔猪营养物质消化率及氮平衡的影响。将9头断奶仔猪(平均14kg)随机分成3组,分别在基础日粮中添加1%和2%柠檬酸,全天收集粪便、尿液。试验期10天(分两期),分别测定了日粮干物质消化率、粗蛋白消化率和氮利用率等指标。结果表明:添加1%和2%柠檬酸组,粗蛋白消化率分别提高6.1%和1.9%,氮利用率分别提高2.7%和0.21%,干物质消化率分别提高2.28%和0.18%,其中日粮添加1%柠檬酸效果优于2%。     

酸化剂对乌苏里貉生产性能及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究酸化剂对乌苏里貉(Nyctereutes procyonoides gtray)生产性能及血清生化指标的影响。选择健康、体重相近、60日龄的雄性乌苏里貉100只,随机分成10组,每组10只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ~Ⅹ组为试验组,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.4%、0.6%、0.8%磷酸,0.5%、1.0%、1.5%柠檬酸,0.5%、1.0%、1.5%乳酸的试验饲粮。试验期125 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,酸化剂对饲料、胃液p H影响极显著(P<0.01),酸化剂对肠液p H无显著影响(P>0.05),干物质采食量随酸化剂添加水平增加呈先上升后下降趋势。2)与对照组相比,酸化剂对体重、平均日增重、胴体重、体长、皮长及皮重无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)各组血清尿素氮、葡萄糖、免疫球蛋白M、三碘甲腺原氨酸、甲状腺素含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。血清总蛋白含量与磷酸添加水平呈负相关,随柠檬酸和乳酸添加水平的增加呈先下降后升高趋势。血清白蛋白含量随柠檬酸和乳酸添加水平增加呈下降趋势。血清免疫球蛋白G含量与磷酸和柠檬酸添加水平呈负相关,随着乳酸添加水平增加呈先升高后下降趋势。由此可见,本试验条件下以添加1.0%乳酸组综合效果较好。     

缺磷日粮添加有机酸对蛋鸡生产性能、脂代谢、磷利用率及回肠微生物组分的影响

试验旨在研究缺磷日粮添加有机酸对蛋鸡生产性能、脂代谢、磷利用率及回肠微生物组分的影响。选取健康、产蛋率相近的32周龄海兰褐蛋鸡1200只,试验采用2(低磷和高磷)×4(不添加有机酸、日粮分别添加5 g/kg柠檬酸、富马酸、丁酸)因子试验设计,试验分8组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只鸡。试验共进行12周(包含2周预饲期)。结果显示:日粮添加柠檬酸显著提高蛋重(P0.05),缺磷日粮组显著降低蛋重(P0.05),有机酸和日粮磷水平对产蛋率、蛋重和料蛋比的影响具有显著的交互效应(P0.05)。磷缺乏日粮(不添加有机酸)显著降低蛋壳厚度(P0.05),且有机酸和日粮磷水平对蛋壳厚度的影响有显著的交互效应(P0.05)。日粮添加有机酸显著增加蛋鸡血清高密度脂蛋白水平(P0.05),日粮磷水平和有机酸对蛋鸡血清胆固醇的影响具有显著的交互效应(P0.05)。磷缺乏日粮显著降低蛋鸡胫骨灰分和钙的含量(P0.05),磷缺乏日粮添加柠檬酸显著提高蛋鸡胫骨磷含量(P0.05)。日粮添加柠檬酸和富马酸显著提高蛋鸡回肠乳酸杆菌含量(P0.05)。结果表明:在本试验条件下,缺磷日粮添加柠檬酸和丁酸可提高蛋鸡产蛋率和蛋重,改善料重比。缺磷日粮添加有机酸可以提高蛋壳厚度及蛋鸡胫骨磷的含量。     

The effects of citric acid on phytate-phosphorus utilization in young chicks and pigs

Several bioassays were conducted with young chicks and pigs fed phosphorus (P)-deficient corn-soybean meal diets. With diets for chicks containing .62% Ca and .42% P (.10% available P), graded doses of a citric acid + sodium citrate (1:1, wt:wt) mixture (0, 1, 2, 4, or 6% of diet) resulted in linear (P < .01) increases in both weight gain and tibia ash. Relative to chicks fed no citric acid, tibia ash (%) and weight gain (g/d) were increased by 43 and 22%, respectively, in chicks fed 6% citric acid. Additional chick trials showed that 6% citric acid alone or sodium citrate alone was as efficacious as the citric acid + sodium citrate mixture and that 1,450 U/kg of phytase produced a positive response in bone ash and weight gain in chicks fed a diet containing 6% citrate. Varying the Ca:available P ratio with and without citrate supplementation indicated that citric acid primarily affected phytate-P utilization, not Ca, in chicks. Moreover, chicks did not respond to citrate supplementation when fed a P-deficient (.13% available P), phytate-free casein-dextrose diet. Young pigs averaging 10 to 11 kg also were used to evaluate citric acid efficacy in two experiments. A P-deficient corn-soybean meal basal diet was used to construct five treatment diets that contained 1) no additive, 2) 3% citric acid, 3) 6% citric acid, 4) 1,450 U/kg phytase, and 5) 6% citric acid + 1,450 U/kg phytase. Phytase supplementation increased (P < .01) weight gain, gain:feed, and metatarsal ash, whereas citric acid addition increased only gain:feed (P < .05) and metatarsal ash (P < .08). A subsequent 22-d pig experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of lower levels of citric acid (0, 1, 2, or 3%) or 1,450 U/kg phytase addition to a P-deficient corn-soybean meal diet. Phytase supplementation improved (P < .01) all criteria measured. Weight gain and gain:feed data suggested a response to citric acid addition, but this was not supported by fibula ash results (P > .10). The positive responses to phytase were much greater than those to citric acid in both pig experiments. Thus, dietary citric acid effectively improved phytate P utilization in chicks but had a much smaller effect in pigs.     

植酸酶和柠檬酸对肉鸡生产性能及钙、磷利用率的影响

试验以正常营养水平饲粮为对照 ,研究在低营养水平饲粮中添加植酸酶 (0、 30 0g/t)、柠檬酸 (0、 0 5% )对肉鸡生产性能和钙、磷利用率的影响。试验用 2 2 5羽 1日龄黄羽肉鸡随机分为 5个处理 ,每处理 3个重复 ,每重复 1 5只鸡进行 6周试验。结果饲粮营养水平降低 6 %可导致肉鸡日增重 (ADG)和饲料利用率下降 (P <0 0 5) ;在低营养水平日粮中 ,添加 30 0g/t植酸酶、 0 5 %柠檬酸 ,ADG和料肉比 (F/G)与正常营养水平饲粮组差异不显著 (P >0 0 5) ;各处理组的血清Ca、P、AKP活性及胫骨Ca、P差异不显著 (P >0 0 5) ;腿病发生率各处理组差异不显著 (P >0 0 5)。添加 30 0g/t植酸酶、 0 5 %柠檬酸的处理组P排泄量显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 5)。植酸酶与柠檬酸合用能进一步提高生产性能和钙、磷利用率 ,能达到正常营养水平饲粮的效果。植酸酶与柠檬酸合用存在协同效应     

仔猪料中添加柠檬酸的效果

本试验探讨了柠檬酸对早期断奶仔猪的效果,涉及早期断奶仔猪106头,在对照口粮中添加1％、1.5％、2％的柠檬酸,在25天的试验期内,使早期断奶仔猪的平均增重分别提高1.9％、7％、15.9％,饲料利用效率分别改善3.7％、6.7％、9.2％,饲料的pH值分别由5.7降至5.02、4.88、4.60,添加2％的柠檬酸组与对照组增重差异显著(P<0.05),日增重分别为347克、405克,添加柠檬酸对采食量和控制拉稀没有影响。在仔猪料中添加柠檬酸提高了养猪生产的经济效益。     

Effects of different copra meals and amino acid supplementation on broiler chick growth.

1. The effects of including copra meals from different sources in nutritionally-balanced broiler chick diets were compared. A meal screw press-expelled twice to contain 75 g residual lipid/kg produced a lower growth rate than a meal pressed once to contain 220 g lipid/kg. 2. Chicks fed copra meal at 400 g/kg diet had a higher growth rate on a diet formulated to contain 12.4 g lysine/kg and 8.3 g methionine+cystine/kg than on a diet containing 13.5 and 9.0 g/kg of the respective amino acids; however, in a second experiment performance of chicks was unaffected when the low amino acid, low-oil copra meal-based diet was supplemented with synthetic amino acids.     

早期断奶仔猪日粮中添加不同种类酸化剂的效果

选用杂种仔猪（杜洛克×长白×大白）１２５头，于２８±３日龄断奶，以玉米－豆粕－鱼粉型日粮饲喂，进行为期２８天的饲养试验，研究日粮中添加柠檬酸（１％）、磷酸（０．３％）及复合酸（０．３％和０．５％）对仔猪生产性能、日粮蛋白质消化率、胃肠道消化酶活力及肠道大肠杆菌数的影响。结果表明，日粮中添加各种酸化剂可提高仔猪日增重９－１７％（Ｐ＞０．０５）；日粮中添加柠檬酸和复合酸则可显著提高饲料转化效率１１－１５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；日粮中添加０．３％磷酸可提高饲料利用效率８％（Ｐ＞０．０５）。添加酸化剂对日粮蛋白质消化率无影响。柠檬酸和磷酸有降低胃肠道ｐＨ值、提高胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶活力及减少结肠中大肠杆菌数的趋势。     

Influence of ingestion of aluminum, citric acid and soil on mineral metabolism of lactating beef cows

Lactating beef cows (16 Hereford and 34 Angus, 430 kg average body weight, aged 8 to 10 yr) were fed a basal diet containing 200 micrograms/g Al alone or supplemented with Al-citrate, citric acid, soil or soil plus citric acid for 56 d. Diets containing Al-citrate, soil and soil plus citric acid contained 1,730, 1,870 and 1,935 micrograms/g Al, dry-basis, respectively. Adding soil to the diet also increased Mg and Fe content of the diet. Aluminum values in ruminal contents of beef cows fed the basal alone or supplemented with citric acid, Al-citrate, soil or soil plus citric acid were 800, 990, 2,930, 3,410 and 2,910 micrograms/g, air-dry basis, respectively. Serum Mg and inorganic P declined (P less than .01) and urinary Ca concentration increased (P less than .01) for cows fed Al-citrate. By d 56, serum Mg was 1.5 and 2.2 mg/dl, and serum P was 3.8 and 6.8 mg/dl, for cows fed Al-citrate and basal diets, respectively. Calcium concentrations in urine were 281 and 11 micrograms/g for cows fed Al-citrate and basal diets, respectively. Citric acid, soil and soil plus citric acid had no detrimental effects on serum Mg and inorganic P, or urinary Ca concentration. By d 56, serum Ca was higher (P less than .06) in cows fed Al-citrate, compared with cows on the other four diets. Bone Ca, P, Zn and percent ash were not significantly affected by treatment but bone Mg tended to be slightly lower (P less than .07) for cows fed Al-citrate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine is a safe and effective precursor of cysteine

Relative bioavailability and toxicity of N-acetyl-l-Cys (NAC) were evaluated in 9-d chick growth assays. The bioavailability of NAC relative to Cys was determined by feeding young chicks a highly purified crystalline AA diet singly deficient in Cys. Bio-availability estimates were obtained using standard slope-ratio methodology. N-Acetyl-l-cysteine was shown to be as effective as Cys in supporting chick growth, and was assigned a relative bioavailability value of 100%. To assess toxicity, a nutritionally adequate corn-soybean meal diet was supplemented with graded concentrations of NAC (isomolar to 10, 20, 30, or 40 g/kg of Cys, as-fed). When NAC supplied 10 or 20 g/kg of Cys, chick growth performance was unaffected, but NAC supplying 30 or 40 g/kg of Cys reduced (P < 0.05) BW gain by 13 and 34%, respectively, relative to the unsupplemented control diet. Only plasma-free NAC was substantially increased (P < 0.05) because of excess dietary NAC; plasma-free Cys was unaltered. We concluded that dietary NAC is efficacious in supplying Cys in support of chick growth, and only large excesses of NAC are growth depressing. Hence, the human clinical benefits of oral NAC likely result from its ability to deliver Cys safely and effectively to the portal circulation.     

不同酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长、免疫性能和微生物菌群的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫性能和微生物菌群的影响.试验将384头平均初始体重为(6.16±0.23)kg的21?d断奶仔猪随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复16头,各组断奶仔猪分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+45?mg/kg抗菌肽、基础日粮+4?kg/T柠檬酸及基础日粮+3?kg/T复合酸化剂...     

柠檬酸与辣木茎叶粉联用对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清抗氧化指标的影响

试验旨在研究柠檬酸和辣木茎叶粉的使用对产蛋后期蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质及血清抗氧化指标的影响。试验选取720只52周龄生产性能及体重相近的广西麻鸡,随机分为4组,每组180只。试验采用单因素设计,其中柠檬酸以添加剂的形式添加,辣木茎叶粉为等量替代基础日粮的方式加入,添加量分别为0.07%柠檬酸、0.07%柠檬酸+4%辣木茎叶粉、4%辣木茎叶粉,分别记为A组、B组、C组,对照组饲喂基础日粮。结果表明:与对照组相比,B组在产蛋率、蛋白高度、哈夫单位、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度均有一定程度的改善,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,B组蛋黄粗脂肪含量显著提高(P<0.05),A组蛋黄粗脂肪含量显著降低,C组平均蛋重显著降低。与对照组相比,B、C组总超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶显著提高(P<0.05)。研究表明,柠檬酸和辣木茎叶粉的联合使用可以改善产蛋后期蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质和血清抗氧化能力。