日本鹿儿岛湾真鲷的资源评估和增殖策略

通过世代分析对1990年至2002年鹿儿岛湾真鲷（Pagrus major）自然种群和放流种群的种群大小进行了评估,评估模型考虑了渔业资源管理和增殖放流措施。结果表明放流种群的规模有所减少,而自然种群的规模维持不变。真鲷自然种群的捕获量日趋减少,而放流种群的捕获量已超过50吨。研究结果表明增殖700000—800000尾真鲷种苗与其50吨的捕捞量相协调。在各种捕获量和放流量情况下,采用种群动力学模型预测了2017年真鲷的捕获量,其结果表明提高放流真鲷的数量能增加其捕获量。     

Age and growth of alfonsino Beryx splendens from the Kanto District, central Japan, based on growth increments on otoliths

ABSTRACT:   Age and growth of alfonsino Beryx splendens (Lowe) were studied using counts of presumed daily incremental growth rings on the transverse section of otoliths of fish collected from the Kanto District, central Japan. Microstructural growth increments were observed from the core to the outermost margin of the broadest of approximately 50 branches formed on the surface of an otolith. Of 98 otoliths examined, 46 were readable. The number of increments and fish lengths ranged from 448 (218 mm fork length [FL]) to 3701 (411 mm FL). The ages of these fish were estimated to be 1 year, 2 months and 10 years, 2 months, respectively, assuming that an increment was formed daily. The von Bertalanffy growth equation combined for males and females was expressed as follows: L _t  = 542 {1 −  exp  [−0.133( t  + 2.00)]}, where L _t is fork length (mm) at yearly age t . The results of the present study were compared with those of other researchers who had studied alfonsino from central Japan.     

Age and growth of Sebastes vulpes in the coastal waters of western Hokkaido, Japan

ABSTRACT:   Age and growth of Sebastes vulpes collected from the coastal waters of western Hokkaido were studied. Observation of the otolith margin verified that annuli (outer margins of the opaque zone) were produced chiefly from July to August. This period was associated with parturition and the birth season. The maximum age estimated by the surface method was 12 years but the oldest fish was aged at 35 years by the cross-section method. The surface method was inadequate for aging of S. vulpes older than 6 years because of the underestimation of age. No significant difference was found in the parameters of the growth equations between both sexes. The von Bertalanffy growth curve combined for both sexes was as follows: SL _t  = 358.6(1 − exp^{−0.156( t +0.820)}), where SL _t is standard length (mm) at age t (after parturition in years). It seems likely that S. vulpes grows slowly and lives longer than previously thought.     

青岛胶州湾铠平鲉年龄、生长和种群繁殖力

针对2013年和2014年采自青岛胶州湾的209尾铠平鲉(Sebastes hubbsi)样本开展了年龄、生长和种群繁殖力研究。耳石轮纹结构的年龄鉴定结果显示,铠平鲉的年龄分布范围为1~+~7~+龄,2~+~4~+龄为优势年龄组(77.5%)。体长与体重呈幂函数关系:W=8×10~(-5) L~(2.797)(R~2=0.861)。Von Bertalanffy体长生长方程为L_t=131.4×[1-e~(-0.269(t+2.697))],体重生长方程为W_t=63.6×[1-~(e-0.269(t+2.697))]~(2.797)。其生长过程可分为3个阶段:(1)1~+~3~+龄为快速生长期;(2)3~+~6~+龄为成熟稳定期;(3)6~+龄以后为高龄衰老期。所采样本的性比(2.12︰1)明显偏离1︰1(P0.05),雌性个体样本数在各体长段均高于雄性个体。性腺指数(GSI)和肝脏指数(HSI)变化趋势相反,肝脏可能为其性腺发育提供物质基础和能量来源。绝对怀卵量波动于482~6166粒,平均值为3266粒;相对体长怀卵量显著低于卵生鱼类,表明卵胎生鱼类体内胚胎发育、孵化的护卵方式可能使其以较少的怀卵量即可维持种的延续。结合拐点年龄对应的拐点体重及50%性成熟体长,建议以体长80 mm、体重20 g作为铠平鲉的开捕标准,以维护青岛胶州湾铠平鲉资源的可持续利用。     

Stock enhancement programme for black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Bleeker), in Hiroshima Bay, Japan: a review

This paper reviews the stock enhancement programme for black sea bream ( Acanthopagrus schlegelii ) in Hiroshima Bay. This bay is one of the biggest production areas for black sea bream in Japan, accounting for about 10% of the total catch of the species in this country in 2004. After intensive fishing pressure caused a drastic decline in the catch of the species in this bay in the 1970s, a stock enhancement programme was conducted in its northern part since 1982 to restore the depleted population. The number of black sea bream juveniles released in 1996 surpassed 9 million, representing the third main species stocked in Japan. Almost 1.4 million of these juveniles were released into Hiroshima Bay. The fast acclimatization of hatchery-reared juveniles released into the bay may have contributed to the recovery of landings in the late 1980s and 1990s. However, this recovery was accompanied by a reduction in the market price of black sea bream. Further studies to assess the effectiveness of the stock enhancement programme as well as the carrying capacity of Hiroshima Bay to maintain the stock of black sea bream at a stable, healthy level are desirable. The necessity of evaluating the secondary effects derived from using a reduced number of breeders as well as finding new markets are suggested.     

Age,growth and age at sexual maturity of fan ray <Emphasis Type="Italic">Platyrhina sinensis</Emphasis> (Batoidea: Platyrhinidae) in Ariake Bay,Japan

Abstract:   Age, growth and sexual maturity of the fan ray Platyrhina sinensis in Ariake Bay, Japan were determined from specimens collected from May 2002 to September 2006. Age determination was conducted by vertebral centrum analysis using soft X-radiography. Annual band pair deposition was determined by marginal increment and edge analyses. The von Bertalanffy growth model best described the overall pattern of growth for both males and females (males L _∝  = 455.2, k  = 0.56, t ₀ = −1.09; females L _∝  = 555.8, k  = 0.28, t ₀ = −1.77; L _∝ is the theoretical asymptotic total length in mm, k is the growth rate coefficient and t ₀ is the theoretical time at zero length). Parameter estimates suggest that females attain a larger asymptotic total length and grow more slowly than males. The observed maximum ages were 5 years for males and 12 years for females. Age at 50% sexual maturity was 2.1 years for males and 2.9 years for females. The results indicate that this species is relatively fast-growing, short-lived and early maturing compared with many batoid species.     

怒江上游热裸裂尻鱼年龄结构与生长特性

热裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis thermalis)是怒江上游鱼类的优势种之一,为了更好地保护裂腹鱼类,分析其年龄结构和生长特征对种群资源现状及保护有重要意义。2019年3-5月和9-11月,在西藏自治区怒江干流八宿至那曲江段设置7个采样点,共计采集热裸裂尻鱼245尾,以微耳石为年龄鉴定材料,初步探讨怒江上游热裸裂尻鱼年龄结构与生长特征。结果显示,所采集热裸裂尻鱼体长为3.1～35.5 cm,体重为1.28～504.42 g。体长(L)与微耳石半径(r)长轴呈正相关,其表达式为：L=22.537r-5.469(R²=0.9518,n=229)。体长(L)与体重(W)表达式为：W=2×10^-5L^2.8833(R²=0.9915,n=229),生长系数k值为0.099,生长指标φ为4.22,生长指数b为2.8833,拐点年龄ti为11.62龄,拐点体长L_i为26.74 cm,拐点体重W_i为260.4g,表明热裸裂尻鱼为异速缓慢生长类型。样本中共发现1...     

长江江津江段中华沙鳅耳石及年龄生长的初步研究

对长江江津段中华沙鳅(Botia superciliarisG櫣nther)的耳石,年龄和生长进行了初步研究。结果显示:几种年龄鉴定材料中,适宜中华沙鳅的年龄鉴定材料为耳石,能准确反映其年龄状况。体重与体长的回归方程为:W=0.021L2.8409(r=0.9404);该江段中华沙鳅的生长方程为:体长:Lt=12.5000[1-e-0.3851(t+1.1062)];体重:Wt=29.0944[1-e-0.3851(t+1.1062)]2.8409。     

Linking environmental drivers,juvenile growth,and recruitment for Japanese jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus in the Sea of Japan

Growth traits of juvenile Japanese jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) were estimated based on otolith daily increments in spring during 2011–2016 in the southwestern part of the Sea of Japan (SWSJ). Spatial variability in growth traits was examined between the western and eastern areas of the study area. Back-calculated body length at 50 days post hatch varied among areas and years between 26 and 40 mm. Body lengths at age in the eastern area were significantly smaller than those in the western area. Slower growth rate in the eastern area was associated with the lower ambient temperature in the eastern area than in the western area. In the eastern area, interannual variations in the instantaneous growth rate positively correlated with ambient temperature. Furthermore, interannual variations in back-calculated body length during the late larval and early juvenile stages positively correlated with the juvenile abundance. These results suggest that the thermal conditions in the eastern area are indicative of the growth rate and abundance of juvenile T. japonicus in SWSJ. We further examined relationships between juvenile abundance and thermal conditions during 2003–2019 using archived data of this survey and found that the ambient temperature in the eastern area positively correlated with the juvenile abundance and also the strength of the Tsushima Warm Current. Thus, higher temperatures derived from the Tsushima Warm Current result in a faster growth rate during the late larval and early juvenile stages and subsequently higher abundance of T. japonicus juveniles in SWSJ.     

Age and growth of yellowstriped butterfish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Labracoglossa argentiventris</Emphasis>, around Izu Oshima Island

ABSTRACT:   Age and growth of the yellowstriped butterfish, Labracoglossa argentiventris , around Izu Oshima Island were studied using a total of 1450 fish. Age was determined by counting the edge of the opaque zones as a ring mark on sectioned sagittal otoliths. Formation of the first ring was observed during spring or summer, corresponding to 1.5 years after hatching. Thereafter, one ring was formed each year in the same season as the previous year. The growth of the butterfish was rapid until 2 years of age. The maximum likelihood method was applied to the age and length data for estimating parameters in von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and Logistic growth models. The selected model, based on the Akaike Information Criterion, was the von Bertalanffy growth model, which indicated differential asymptotic length and variance by sex.     

印度洋南部大眼金枪鱼年龄鉴定及其与生长的关系

为了对大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)种群结构和年龄生长做出判断,从而进行有效的资源评估和管理,需要一种简便、可行、精确的年龄鉴定方法。根据2008年9月至2009年5月在印度洋中南部执行专项调查时采集的275枚第一背鳍鳍条样本,确立了最适的切割位置和年龄鉴定方法,并通过年龄鉴定估算大眼金枪鱼的von Berta-lanffy生长方程。研究结果表明,大眼金枪鱼的叉长范围为570～1 820 mm,优势叉长组为910～1 500 mm,占总体的83.9%;年龄组成以3、4和5龄居多;第1、2条年轮轮径的平均值分别为(4.23±0.71)mm和(5.72±0.48)mm。根据鳍条的切割位置分为3个组别,线性回归关系为拟合大眼金枪鱼鳍条半径与叉长关系的最佳回归方程,3个组别在鉴定大眼金枪鱼年龄时不存在显著差异(P>0.05),但赤井信息量标准(AIC)分析结果表明,自骨突处起,全长(L)的10%处为最佳切割位置。大眼金枪鱼von Bertalanffy生长方程为Lt=250.5×[1 e 1.05(t+1.85)]。     

Seasonal distribution, age, growth, and reproductive biology of marbled sole Pleuronectes yokohamae in Tokyo Bay, Japan

ABSTRACT:   The seasonal distribution, age, growth and reproductive biology of marbled sole Pleuronectes yokohamae (Günther) from Tokyo Bay, Japan were studied. A clear seasonal distribution trend was observed, with P. yokohamae limited to the south of the bay in summer and expanding almost throughout the bay in other seasons. The formation and dynamics of hypoxic areas in the bay limited the northward distribution of P. yokohamae in summer. Age was determined by counting growth rings on otoliths; maximum ages were found to be 5 years for males and 6 years for females. The mean back-calculated length for females at each estimated age was greater than that for males. Growth of males and females was shown by the von Bertalanffy growth equations. Reproductive biology was studied on the basis of gonadosomatic indices and histological sections of gonads. The spawning season lasted from November to March, peaking in December and January. Sixty per cent of males at 1 year and all males ≥ 2 years had mature testes, whereas 6.7% of females at 1 year, 58.3% of females at 2 years, and all females ≥ 3 years had attained maturity.     

Age estimation of the wild population of Japanese mantis shrimp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oratosquilla oratoria</Emphasis> (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) in Tokyo Bay,Japan, using lipofuscin as an age marker

ABSTRACT:   In this study, the age composition of the Japanese mantis shrimp, Oratosquilla oratoria , in Tokyo Bay, central Japan, was investigated using lipofuscin, an autofluorescent pigment, as an age marker. Lipofuscin in a histological section of protocerebral bridge cell mass (PBCM) in the brain was identified by confocal microscopy, and its concentration was quantified by image analysis. Modal analysis of the lipofuscin concentration showed four regularly-spaced modes that could each be regarded as a distinct age group. This implied a constant lipofuscin accumulation in PBCM at a 6.5 × 10⁻²% volume fraction per year; it also implied the existence of individuals that are at least 4 years old. The lipofuscin concentration was found to be a more appropriate index than body length for estimating the age of O. oratoria , because the modal analysis on the body–length histogram failed to detect apparent age groups. This was probably a result of the declining growth rate with age and the individual variations in growth through molting leading to considerable overlap in the size between different age groups. The lipofuscin analysis suggested that fast-growing individuals in each cohort are recruited to the fishery, and most individuals attain the exploitable size between 2 and 3 years of age.     

Seasonal changes in circulating growth hormone (GH), hepatic GH-binding and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I immunoreactivity in a marine fish,gilthead sea bream,Sparus aurata

We have studied the seasonal relationship between growth and circulating growth hormone (GH), hepatic GH-binding and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I immunoreactivity in gilthead sea bream,Sparus aurata. The seasonal increase in plasma GH levels preceded by several weeks the summer increase in growth rates. In contrast, a marked increase in hepatic GH-binding with a high degree of endogenous GH occupancy was found during the period of maximum growth which suggests an enhanced sensitivity of liver to GH action. Thus, circulating levels of immunoreactive IGF-I, probably derived from the liver in response to GH action, were positively correlated with growth throughout the experimental period although a consistent relationship between growth and circulating GH was not found. In spite of this, we consider that, in gilthead sea bream, as in several other teleosts, the availability of endogenous GH can limit growth. Thus, under environmental conditions of suboptimal growth, a single intraperitoneal injection of recombinant rainbow trout GH (rtGH) induced over the dose range tested (0.75, 1.5, 3 μg g BW⁻¹) an increase in plasma IGF-I-like immunoreactivity comparable to that seen during the period of maximum growth.     

西藏布裙湖全唇裂腹鱼年龄与生长的初步研究

全唇裂腹鱼(Schizothorax integrilabiatus)仅见于西藏地区雅鲁藏布江下游墨脱县境内的布裙湖,在物种进化和资源保护方面具有重要的研究价值。以耳石为年龄鉴定材料,对分布于布裙湖全唇裂腹鱼的年龄结构和生长特性进行了初步研究。结果显示,在所采集的252个样本中共包含7个年龄组(1~7龄),其中优势年龄组为1~3龄(占72.22%);体长与体重的关系方程为W=0.015 2 L3.057,属于匀速生长;采用von Bertalanffy模拟的生长方程为Lt=27.150[1-e~(-0.154(t+0.527))],W_t=368.029[1-e~(-0.154(t+0.527))]3.057。全唇裂腹鱼的体长生长速度曲线无拐点,随着年龄增长逐年降低,体重生长具有生长拐点,拐点年龄为6.73龄,所对应的体长和体重分别为18.27 cm和109.61 g。初步研究表明,全唇裂腹鱼属小型、低龄鱼类。     

Age and growth of threeline grunt <Emphasis Type="Italic">Parapristipoma trilineatum</Emphasis> along the south-western coast of Kii Peninsula,Japan

Age and growth were determined for threeline grunt Parapristipoma trilineatum based on otolith readings of 1043 specimens collected along the south-western coast of Kii Peninsula, Japan. Observations of the otolith margin, together with comparisons of ring mark counts with age in artificially reared specimens, verified that such marks were produced once a year. The formation period corresponded approximately to the main spawning season (May–June). Both surface and cross-section methods were used for age determination; the surface method often resulted in underestimations of age for fish older than 2 years. Discrepancies between the two methods became greater with fish growth. The von Bertalanffy growth curve, based on ages inferred from the cross-section method, was FL _t=331×{1−exp[−0.283×(t+1.45)]}. No substantial difference was detected between male and female growth parameters. The oldest maximum ages inferred from the cross-section method were 15 and 21 years for females and males, respectively. It seems likely that P. trilineatum grows more slowly and lives longer than previously thought, and the difference is attributed primarily to differences in aging methods used in the present and previous studies.     

Feed intake,growth, feed utilization,body composition and waste output of juvenile hybrid bream at different feeding frequencies

An eight‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the feed intake, growth, feed utilization, body composition and waste output of juvenile hybrid bream at different feeding frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 4 meals/day). Fish (initial body weight of 10.6 ± 0.8 g) were fed to satiation at each feeding. The test diet contained 336 g/kg crude protein and 79 g/kg crude lipid. The weight gain significantly increased with increase in feeding frequency from 0.5 to 3 meals/day (p < 0.05) and afterwards did not change with feeding frequency from 3 to 4 meals/day (p > 0.05). The feed intake increased with increase in feeding frequency (p < 0.05). Fish fed at 3 meals/day exhibited the lowest feed conversion ratio and waste output of nitrogen and phosphorus, however, the highest nitrogen retention efficiency (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the phosphorus retention efficiency, the body composition of crude protein, ash and phosphorus among all the feeding frequencies (p > 0.05). The body lipid content increased, whereas the content of moisture decreased, with the increase in feeding frequency (p < 0.05). The present study reveals that the optimum feeding frequency is 3 meals/day for hybrid bream.