内蒙古动物狂犬病流行病学研究

狂犬病是由狂犬病病毒(rabies virus,RABV)引起的几乎所有温血动物都易感的人兽共患病。近年来,内蒙古地区发生了多起家养动物和野生动物疑似狂犬病疫情,给当地养殖业造成巨大损失。利用直接荧光抗体试验对2014-2016年内蒙古自治区发生的5起野生狐狸、牛、骆驼和犬的疑似狂犬病疫情进行诊断。经确诊,上述疫情均为RABV引起的。通过RT-PCR和核苷酸序列测定,获得6株病毒全长N基因序列,使用DNAStar和MEGA等软件将上述序列与周边省份和临近国家的流行毒株进行同源性比较和系统进化分析。研究结果显示,6株毒株核苷酸同源性为98.8%~99.9%,6株毒株均属于世界群草原型RABV,该型毒株在俄罗斯、蒙古、哈萨克斯坦的野生狐狸、狼群中广泛传播,本研究首次发现该型毒株已经由野生狐狸传播至犬群。进一步研究发现,内蒙古动物狂犬病传播来源包括野生狐狸、貉、犬等,流行的毒株类型包括亚洲1群、世界群和北极相关群,这些使得内蒙古成为我国狂犬病疫情最为复杂的地区之一,增加了该地区狂犬病防控难度。本研究通过对近年来内蒙古动物狂犬病进行流行病学分析,针对性地提出了内蒙古动物狂犬病防控措施。     

狂犬病的流行现状及防控策略

狂犬病是一种人兽共患的自然疫源性疫病,专门侵害中枢神经系统,可感染所有的温血动物,死亡率高达100%。近几年来狂犬病发病率有所上升,防控形势异常严峻,应引起高度重视。     

狂犬病的流行及其防控

狂犬病是由狂犬病毒引起的所有温血动物都易感的人兽共患病,一旦发病,死亡率为100%。全世界每年约有55000人死于狂犬病,主要集中于亚洲和非洲,而且大多数死亡发生在农村,狂犬病预防的全球总支出每年超过10亿美元。中国狂犬病发病人数连续7年呈增长态势。     

Epidemiology and control of brucellosis in China

The paper describes the history and evolvement of brucellosis in China. It presents the variation of epidemic situation, epidemiological characteristics, application of vaccines and control in brief. Before 1980s, human and animal brucellosis was quite severe; during 1980s, the incidence of human and animal brucellosis was relatively low, and seemed to decrease during the decade. During 1990s, there were no obvious changes in the incidence of animal brucellosis, but the incidence of human brucellosis increased, especially from 1995 to 2001. There are not only some common characteristics but also some differences in brucellosis epidemiology relative to that reported in the rest of the world. For the entire country, B. melitensis was the predominant strain associated with outbreaks, and the epidemic peak is from February to June. Several Brucella vaccines have been used in China for prevention and control of brucellosis. such as B. abortus 104 M in humans, B. suis S2 in animals. The introduction of comprehensive measures has allowed great progress in the prevention and control of brucellosis in China. Surveillance points were set-up countrywide to estimate the epidemic situation. In addition, we discussed the new characteristics of brucellosis in China, the influence of the El Nino phenomenon on brucellosis epidemic situation, the phenomenon of antigenic interference between Brucella species and some disadvantages of live Brucella vaccines.     

百色市狂犬病综合防治措施的效果评价

为有效防控狂犬病,百色市开展疫情专项调查和防治研究,发现狂犬病病死率和死亡人数仍居人类各种法定报告传染病之首,死亡人数与动物发病数呈正相关关系;监测貌似健康犬狂犬病带毒率为1.9%,流行毒株属基因Ⅰ型,Ⅰ亚群;使用国产兽用狂犬病活疫苗（FlurryHEP株）免疫期为半年,注射进口兽用狂犬病灭活疫苗（PV株）免疫有效期为一年;“专题讲座＋发送短息”宣传方式效果好;采取“栓养、免疫、监测、扑灭、宣传”等综合防治措施效果显著。     

猪伪狂犬病继发链球菌病的诊治

1999年 1 1月 ,我市某规模猪场陆续出现 30多头母猪流产 ,配种后返情多 ,屡配不孕 ,至 1 2月初又出现初生仔猪高死亡率的症状 ,一般都整窝死亡 ,分别存活 1～ 2头也生长不好 ,经过临床检查、病理剖检 ,并送浙江大学动物科学学院进行微生物学检验、生化试验、动物接种试验、血清学检验 ,经药物治疗、疫苗接种等工作 ,确诊为猪伪狂犬病继发链球菌病 ,这在我市尚属首次 ,报告如下。1　基本情况该场存栏公猪 7头 ,生产母猪 2 80头 ,哺乳仔猪870头 ,肉猪 1 2 0 0多头。从 1 999年 1 1月下旬 ,出现断奶前后的仔猪零星死亡 ,该场曾作猪瘟处理 ;继而…     

鹿结核病的流行及防控进展

鹿结核病是由牛分枝杆菌引起的鹿的慢性、消耗性传染病,广泛流行于世界各地,严重危害着养鹿业的发展,同时也威胁着人类健康和其他动物的安全。为保证养鹿业的发展和人类的健康,对该病进行有效防控显得十分重要。美国、新西兰等国家通过对可疑感染的鹿群进行持续性监测和利用捕猎季节减少感染鹿群的数量等策略,成功实现了对鹿结核的控制。现对国内外鹿结核病的流行现状、诊断技术及疫苗研究进行综述,以期为鹿结核病的防控提供借鉴。     

2008～2011年眉山市狂犬病流行病学调查及分析

为了分析眉山市狂犬病流行特点,提出防控对策,控制狂犬病发生,笔者针对眉山市及所辖区县上报的2008～2011年狂犬病临床病例进行了流行病学调查与分析。     

Epidemiology and control of Menangle virus in pigs

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology and eradication of Menangle virus infection in pigs. DESIGN: Field observations and interventions, structured and unstructured serological surveys, prospective and cross-sectional serological studies and laboratory investigations. PROCEDURE: Serum samples were collected from pigs at a 2600-sow intensive piggery in New South Wales that experienced an outbreak of reproductive disease in 1997. Serum samples were also collected from piggeries that received pigs from or supplied pigs to the affected piggery and from other piggeries in Australia. Serum and tissue samples were collected from pigs at piggeries experiencing reproductive disease in New South Wales. Sera and faeces were collected from grey-headed flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) in the region of the affected piggery. Serum samples were tested for neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus. Virus isolation was attempted from faeces. RESULTS: Following the outbreak of reproductive disease, sera from 96% of adult pigs at the affected piggery, including sows that produced affected litters, contained neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus. Neutralising antibodies were also detected in sera from 88% of finisher pigs at two piggeries receiving weaned pigs from the affected piggery. No evidence of Menangle virus infection was found in other piggeries in Australia. In cross-sectional studies at the affected piggery, colostral antibodies were undetectable in most pigs by 14 to 15 weeks of age. By slaughter age or entry to the breeding herd, 95% of pigs developed high antibody titres (> or = 128) against Menangle virus in the virus neutralisation test. Menangle virus was eradicated from the affected piggery following a program of serological testing and segregation. Neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus were also detected in P poliocephalus from two colonies in the vicinity of the affected piggery. Two piggery workers were infected with Menangle virus. There was no evidence of infection in cattle, sheep, birds, rodents, feral cats and a dog at the affected piggery. CONCLUSIONS: Serological evidence of infection with Menangle virus was detected in pigs at a piggery that had experienced reproductive disease, in pigs at two associated piggeries and in fruit bats in the region of the piggery. Two humans were infected. The mode of transmission between pigs is unknown, but spread by faecal or urinary excretion is postulated. This virus can be eradicated by the segregation of pigs into discrete age groups.     

Epidemiology and control of parasites in warm climates

The kind of parasites a horse acquires depends upon its environment. Because patterns of transmission vary greatly with climate and management, no one worming program has universal applications. This article discusses epidemiology and control of equine parasites in the southern United States, where climates vary from warm temperate to subtropical and from humid in the southeast to arid in the southwest.     

2010全国狂犬病防控高层论坛纪实

中华预防医学会、中国畜牧兽医学会、中国工作犬管理协会、中国疾病预防控制中心、中国动物疫病预防控制中心于2010年9月16日至17日在北京共同举办了"2010年全国狂犬病防控高层论坛".本期论坛是继2007年"全国狂犬病防控策略高层研讨会"后,举办的又一次全国性的狂犬病防控高层论坛.