两种不同方法对猪瘟免疫效果评估对比试验

通过正向间接血凝试验和酶联免疫吸附试验（阻断ELISA）对3个规模化猪场提供的350份血清样品进行猪瘟免疫效果平行对比检测，结果：A猪场120份，正向间接血凝试验检测免疫合格为95份，免疫合格率为79.2%；阻断ELISA检测免疫合格为92份，免疫合格率76.7%。B猪场120份，正向间接血凝试验检测免疫合格为108份，免疫合格率为90.0%；阻断ELISA检测免疫合格为104份，免疫合格率为86.7%。C猪场110份，正向间接血凝试验检测免疫合格为58份，免疫合格率为52.7%；阻断ELISA检测免疫合格为55份，免疫合格率为50.0%。     

2种猪瘟抗体检测技术的比较

猪瘟单抗 ELISA和正向间接血凝试验方法均可用于猪瘟抗体的检测 ,为了比较其效果 ,笔者应用这 2种方法对目前规模化猪场猪瘟免疫状况进行了猪瘟免疫抗体水平的检测 ,报告如下。1　材料与方法1 .1　材料1 .1 .1　猪瘟正向间接血凝诊断试剂　购自中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所。1 .1 .2　猪瘟单抗 ELISA诊断试剂　购自中国兽医药品监察所。1 .1 .3　受检血清　采自新疆南北疆 3个规模化养殖场的不同日龄的猪血清 ,其中仔猪 ( 1 5～ 45日龄 )480份 ,生产母猪 5 2 0份 ,肥猪 ( 70～ 1 60日龄 ) 40 0份 ,置 4℃冰箱保存备用。 3个场猪瘟免疫…     

两种不同方法对猪瘟免疫效果评估对比试验

通过正向间接血凝试验和酶联免疫吸附试验(阻断ELISA)对3个规模化猪场提供的66份血清样品进行猪瘟免疫效果平行对比检测。结果:66份血清样品用正向间接血凝试验检测免疫合格为65份,免疫合格率为98%;阻断ELISA法检测免疫合格为66份,免疫合格率为100%。     

株洲县猪瘟免疫血清学监测与分析

为了评估株洲县猪场猪瘟免疫状况,选择株洲县12个规模化猪场、24个散养户、2个生猪屠宰场,随机采取456份血清样品,用正向间接血凝方法进行猪瘟抗体水平检测。结果显示:规模化猪场、散养户和屠宰场猪群猪瘟抗体效价合格率分别为97.92%、94.10%和91.66%,平均合格率达到95.17%。母猪、保育猪、育肥猪和商品猪不同年龄段猪群猪瘟免疫抗体合格率分别为98.68%、97.36%、94.73%和92.76%。     

免疫金标试纸检测与正向间接血凝试验对猪瘟免疫效果的评估对比

当前国内对猪瘟抗体水平检测方法有ELISA检测法、猪瘟正向间接血凝法以及免疫金标试纸检测法。前两种方法虽然都具有微量、特异、准确的优点,但需要比较完备的实验仪器和经验丰富的技术人员,且检测时间较长。而金标试纸条是新开发的一种全新猪瘟抗体检测方法,检测一个样品只需8～15min,操作简便、快速、直观、结果容易判定,但其应用检测结果的准确性尚待求证。鉴于这种情况,开展了免疫金标试纸检测与正向间接血凝试验两种检测方法的比较研究[1]。结果表明,免疫金标试纸检测与猪瘟正向间接血凝试验的结果基本符合,试验结果可靠。     

IHA与ELISA检测猪瘟病毒抗体的比较

应用间接血凝试验(IHA)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测猪瘟病毒抗体,IHA试验以1∶16为判定孔,抗体效价大于或等于1∶16为抗体阳性;ELISA试验以抗体阻断率40%为判定标准,阻断率大于或等于40%为抗体阳性,同步检测了122份规模化猪场不同阶段免疫猪血清.结果ELISA检测抗体阳性率比IHA检测抗体阳性率低,阴性、阳性相符的血清数为92份,相关性为 75.4%,不同抗体水平分布的血清数也不同,个别血清出现较大差异,卡方检验P值为0.13(＞0.05),两种检测方法统计上无差异,研究结果为选择猪瘟病毒抗体检测方法提供参考.     

应用正向间接血凝（IHA）与阻断ELISA方法检测猪瘟抗体的比较试验

目前国内在对猪群进行猪瘟免疫效果评估时,多采用CSF正向IHA方法与CSFV抗体ELISA方法,但这两种方法在检测CSF抗体存在一定差异。本试验分别运用正向间接血凝（IHA）与阻断ELISA方法检测550份猪血清中猪瘟抗体水平。     

2018年新疆部分地区规模化猪场猪瘟病毒抗体检测与分析

为了解2018年新疆部分地区猪瘟病毒抗体水平,笔者采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法对采自7家规模化猪场不同日龄猪的321份血清样品进行猪瘟抗体检测与分析。结果显示,猪瘟病毒抗体平均阳性率为84.11%(270/321),高于国家规定标准(70%),平均阻断率为66.60±24.44。各猪场间猪瘟病毒抗体水平差异极显著。各日龄段猪群抗体的阳性率在60%～100%之间,存在一定差异。保育猪阳性率最低(为60%),且低于国家规定标准(70%),其他各日龄段猪群抗体的阳性率均在80%以上。结果表明,在新疆地区7个规模化猪场中,有6个猪场的猪瘟病毒抗体阳性率能达到国家标准(70%),但离散度普遍较高,需要制定更加合理的免疫程序。     

四川省内江市猪瘟、猪口蹄疫免疫效果监测与分析

为了掌握四川省内江市猪瘟、猪口蹄疫的免疫现状,用正向间接血凝试验检测了2012-2014年采集的1 649份血清样品。结果表明,猪场规模越大,饲养管理水平越高,猪瘟和猪口蹄疫抗体合格率越高。同时,不同年龄段抗体水平也不同,种公猪、母猪的抗体水平高于育肥猪和仔猪。     

闽西地区规模化猪场猪瘟抗体水平监测及免疫效果分析

应用猪瘟正向间接血凝试验 ,检测了闽西地区规模化猪场 10 93份血清的猪瘟抗体水平。结果表明 ,猪瘟血清抗体水平≤ 1∶ 8的有 2 6 7份 ,免疫合格率为 75 .5 %。哺乳仔猪检测 10 7份 ,猪瘟血清抗体水平≤ 1∶ 8的有 34份 ,免疫合格率为 6 8%。断奶仔猪检测 333份 ,猪瘟血清抗体水平≤ 1∶ 8的有 12 3份 ,免疫合格率为 6 2 %。育肥猪检测 34 0份 ,猪瘟血清抗体水平≤ 1∶ 8的有 94份 ,免疫合格率为 72 %。母猪检测 313份 ,猪瘟血清抗体水平≤ 1∶ 8的有 16份 ,免疫合格率为 95 %。所有猪群中断奶仔猪免疫合格率最低 ,与临床上断奶仔猪猪瘟发病率最高相吻合。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein