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试论物联网技术在农作物重大病虫害监测预警中的应用前景 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国植保导刊》2015,(10)
物联网技术正在逐步改变传统的病虫害监测预警方式和手段,提高病虫害监测预警水平方面将发挥越来越重要的作用。结合近年测报工作实践,总结了物联网技术在农作物重大病虫害监测预警中的应用现状,分析了与之相关的试验、示范和推广应用工作中存在的问题,探讨该技术在农作物病虫害监测预警中的应用前景,提出了农作物病虫害物联网监测构架,以及进一步推进物联网技术研发和应用的措施和建议。 相似文献
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我国农作物病虫测报信息化建设进展与发展建议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2009年以来,在农业部的高度重视和大力支持下,我国农作物重大病虫害监测预警信息化建设快速发展,初步建成了国家农作物重大病虫害数字化监测预警系统平台,全国有24个省(自治区、直辖市)建设了各具特色的省级病虫害监测预警信息化系统,在提高重大病虫害监测预警能力、减轻病害危害损失方面发挥了重要作用。在分析当前工作中存在重视程度不够、建设标准不统一、网络环境不达标、人才队伍缺乏等问题的基础上,提出了需进一步加强系统维护,保障系统运行;制订建设标准,推进互联互通;编制建设规划,加快建设进程;加大系统应用,深入推进发展等4项重点工作。 相似文献
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突发性暴发性害虫监测预警研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
近年来,草地螟、黏虫和稻飞虱等害虫,在我国表现出突发性和暴发性,给农业生产带来了严重威胁。利用遥感、地理信息系统和全球定位技术等“3S”技术开展农作物病虫害的实时监测和早期预警,对于该类害虫的有效防控,确保我国粮食安全具有举足轻重的作用。本文综述了我国病虫害监测预警研究方法、取得的进展和现代信息技术在监测预警中的应用;分析了本学科的研究现状和存在的问题并提出了建议;探讨了我国病虫害监测预警学科的发展方向。 相似文献
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数字化监测预警建设是提高农作物重大病虫害测报能力重要途径。2009年以来,全国农作物重大病虫害数字化监测预警建设工作快速发展,初步建成了全国农作物重大病虫害数字化网络平台,显著加快了测报信息的传递速度和处理能力。在总结全国重大病虫害数字化监测预警建设成绩的基础上,提出新的建设目标和重点,即通过加大宣传、加大投入、加大培训和行业推动,再通过3~5年的建设,进一步完善国家系统、健全省级系统、推进全国联网,逐步构建起以国家系统为支撑、省级系统为骨干、县级用户为单元的重大病虫害数字化监测预警网络体系,显著提高重大病虫害的监测预能力,为植保防灾减灾提供更为有力的技术支撑。 相似文献
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加快农作物病虫害监测预警区域站规范化建设构想 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国植保导刊》2015,(11)
简要回顾了浙江省农作物重大病虫害监测预警区域站建设历程,明确了加快农作物病虫害监测预警区域站规范化建设的思路、建设目标,提出了建立健全良好的工作管理机制、深化信息化手段的研究探索和应用、推进规范化建设工作创新的主要途径及其具体工作措施。 相似文献
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E. Jrg 《EPPO Bulletin》2000,30(1):31-35
Rheinland‐Pfalz, a federal state in the south‐western part of Germany, is an agricultural region with high crop diversity. For each branch of agriculture (arable, fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants), specific warning and information services have been installed. Advisory work, including warning services, is done by a central (LPP) and eight regional state institutions (SL V As). LPP provides the infrastructure for information dissemination, organizes data acquisition and supplies the farmers with general information on crop protection (availability of plant protection products, control strategies, etc.), SL V As collect data on current pest development and elaborate regional recommendations on field assessments and control measures to be taken by the farmers. Warning service information is transmitted to the farmers by info post (periodic letters), telephone‐answering machines, fax services and, lately, via the Internet. Farmers are mainly interested in current disease and pest severity data, preferably on a local basis, to aid their decision‐making in crop protection. The forecasting models and computer‐aided decision‐support systems run by the state crop protection service have become essential tools during the last four years. Their results, supplemented by field‐monitoring data, serve as the main input for the warning services. The Internet, in conjunction with computerized decision‐support systems, provides the means of ensuring an adequate supply of warning service information at a time when crop protection services are undergoing severe staff reductions. 相似文献
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Thomas M Chappell Roger D Magarey Ryan W Kurtz Christina M Trexler Godshen R Pallipparambil Ernie F Hain 《Pest management science》2019,75(11):2865-2872
Several problems limit the productivity and acceptance of crop protection, including pesticide overuse, pesticide resistance, poor adoption of integrated pest management (IPM), declining funding for research and extension, and inefficiencies of scale. We discuss the proposition that alternative business models for crop protection can address these problems by incentivizing and benefiting from efficiency of pesticide use. Currently, business models are not linked to the adoption of IPM and are sometimes at odds with IPM practices. We explore a business model based on the provision of pest management adequacy through services rather than the sale of pesticide products. Specifically, we advocate for establishment of crop protection adequacy standards that would allow a market system to maximize efficiency. Changing some of the relationships between agricultural companies and producers from one based on products to one based on services is an idea worthy of debate and evaluation for improving the efficiency of pest management. Contemporary information technology enhancing monitoring and coordination warrants attention in this debate. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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棉花害虫是威胁我国棉花生产的重要有害生物类群,文章回顾了新中国成立至今,我国棉花害虫测报技术体系的发展历程,即20世纪50—70年代棉花害虫测报技术的起步和发展,80—90年代棉花害虫测报技术体系的建立与完善,2000年以来棉花害虫测报技术手段的创新与升级,重点总结了棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)和盲蝽等主要害虫在成虫诱集工具、田间虫量调查方法、发生期与发生程度预报和信息传输技术等方面的进步与完善,展望了未来推进智能化监测工具、大区监测手段和大数据预报技术的研究与应用前景。 相似文献
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基于Web Service的城市绿地有害生物PDA实时监控系统的开发与应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于Web Service技术,结合个人数字助理(personal digital assistant,PDA)的使用,开发了城市绿地有害生物实时监控系统,从而解决城市绿地有害生物预警监测中信息交流不畅和共享困难的问题.调查人员手持PDA进行实地信息采集,通过无线网络即时传输;系统管理平台实时接收调查结果,经分析处理后进行信息发布.该系统应用于上海世博园区绿化植物有害生物实时监控,共收集有害生物信息153次,发布预警信息16期.结果表明,基于Web Service的城市绿地有害生物PDA实时监控系统能即时获取并发布信息,实现对有害生物的实时化、信息化监控. 相似文献
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对农业害虫防治策略与技术的展望 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
基于生态学的有害生物治理(EBPM)或生态管理被认为是新世纪农业有害生物防治的新对策。以经济学和生态学原则为基础的,应用系统工程的原理和方法设计的生态调控方法将越来越受到人们的重视;植保信息技术的应用,将大大提高害虫监测,预报和管理决策的水平;昆虫基因工程技术的开发,将开辟新的害虫防治途径。 相似文献
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基于地理信息系统的全国主要粮食作物病虫害实时监测预警系统的研制 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
为提高病虫害防治的准确性和科学性,依据植保知识、专家经验,采用人工智能、自行开发的具地理信息系统基本功能及决策支持系统(DSS)的相关技术,研制了基于Internet网络传输的全国主要粮食作物病虫害实时监测预警系统。本系统能够对小麦、玉米、水稻、马铃薯、高粱和谷子6种主要粮食作物的60余种病虫害进行实时监测、预警、诊断、提供植保知识,能够对年度间同期病情、虫情做出图形比较,可将抽象的预警数据转化成清晰简明的点图式电子地图,直观明了地显示病虫害发生点数及地域分布,可根据品种的抗病虫性、病虫害发生基数和未来天气预报等信息对小麦白粉病、赤霉病、纹枯病、稻瘟病、稻曲病、马铃薯晚疫病、麦蚜、小麦吸浆虫和玉米螟9种重要病虫害做出短期防治决策,系统的运行有助于提高人们对主要粮食作物病虫害管理的科学水平。 相似文献
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P. BENEDEK 《EPPO Bulletin》1979,9(3):323-330
Efficacy of plant protection is closely related to an appreciation of the seasonal development and population changes of harmful organisms. This necessitates national surveys on pest population dynamics and on the epiphytotics of plant diseases. From these surveys, regional forecasts can be produced to give advice to the farmers. This work needs highly sophisticated systems to cover both numerical and spatial aspects of pest situations. Thus, there is an urgent need to exploit computer applications in solving forecasting problems. However, the use of computers for forecasting the incidence of harmful organisms and losses is in its initial phase. At present, single pest and disease models prevail. Numerical aspects have been approached both empirically and experimentally. Empirical models, based on multiple regression analysis, are relatively simple and easy to use for various harmful organisms. However, simulation models of harmful organisms are expected to lead to much more reliable results, although, so far, little experience is available on their predictive powers in crop protection. Spatial aspects have been approached with a routine computer mapping technique, which seems to be an effective tool for recognizing and forecasting distribution trends, while loss predictions can be based on crop models, incorporating submodels forecasting the incidence of harmful organisms. The prospect for operational use, in forecasting, of the computer techniques mentioned is discussed. 相似文献
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农作物疫情地理信息系统是基于2001、2002年全国农作物有害生物疫情普查开发的。该系统包括空间数据库和属性数据库两部分。空间数据库包括全国1:250 000地图数据和全国范围720个气象站点位置数据。属性数据包括2001、2002年在全国1 300个县约1 000种有害生物调查数据,194个气象站点从1950年到2001年的气象数据。利用地理信息系统软件平台MapInfo及其开发语言MapBasic开发了菜单、对话框等用户界面,可简单方便地完成查询有害生物信息,绘制有害生物发生范围专题图、插值图、每日温度、月均温、害虫年发生世代数估计及有害生物可能分布范围的估计等操作。 相似文献