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为了解喹诺酮类药物对维氏气单胞菌(A.veronii)的体外抗生素后效应(PAE),本研究采用试管二倍稀释法测定加替沙星、盐酸环丙沙星、盐酸左氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、依诺沙星5种喹诺酮类药物对A.veronii TH0426株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),采用菌落计数法测定5种抗生素的PAE值。结果显示:5种喹诺酮类药物在1、2、4、8倍MIC时,对A.veronii TH0426的PAE值分别为0.50±0.23、0.80±0.25、1.30±0.21和1.40±0.13(加替沙星);0.30±0.20、0.70±0.12、1.30±0.19和2.20±0.22(盐酸环丙沙星);0.40±0.10、1.00±0.23、2.20±0.15和2.50±0.17(盐酸左氧氟沙星);0.20±0.11、0.20±0.14、0.40±0.18和0.80±0.15(诺氟沙星);0.50±0.20、1.00±0.22、1.40±0.11和1.90±0.12(依诺沙星)。结果表明5种喹诺酮类药物对A.veronii均产生PAE,并且与药物浓度具有明显剂量依赖性。本研究为水产动物合理给药提供实验依据。 相似文献
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3种抗生素对3种常见鱼类病原菌的抑菌活性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为研究盐酸恩诺沙星、乳酸恩诺沙星和乳酸诺氟沙星对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)和哈维氏弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)的体外抑菌活性,本实验通过测定抑菌圈直径、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC)和杀菌曲线,研究3种常用喹诺酮类抗生素药物对3种水产病原菌的体外药效学特性.结果表明:乳酸诺氟沙星对嗜水气单胞菌和哈维氏弧菌抑菌效果最好,MIC分别为0.244μg/mL和1.954μg/mL:盐酸恩诺沙星对鳗弧菌抑菌效果最好,MIC为0.122μg/mL;8 MIC的乳酸诺氟沙星药液在12 h内完全杀灭嗜水气单胞菌,在24 h内也能全部杀灭哈维氏弧菌,8 MIC的盐酸恩诺沙星药液在24 h内全部杀灭鳗弧菌.本研究为3种抗生素在水产养殖中的应用提供实验依据. 相似文献
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为研究乳酸恩诺沙星对温和气单胞菌(A.sobria)的体外药效学,采用二倍稀释法测定了乳酸恩诺沙星对温和气单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),在此基础上探究在温和气单胞菌的不同生长时期加入乳酸恩诺沙星后对其生长的影响,研究乳酸恩诺沙星不同药物浓度(2×MIC、4×MIC、8×MIC)作用对温和气单胞菌的杀菌动力学和抗菌后效应(PAE)。结果显示,乳酸恩诺沙星对温和气单胞菌的MIC和MBC分别为0.39μg/mL和1.56μg/mL,乳酸恩诺沙星对温和气单胞菌有较强的杀菌作用,其PAE与药物浓度呈正相关。 相似文献
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为比较研究水产养殖中几种常见抗菌药物对嗜水气单胞菌(A.hydrophila)的体外抗菌后效应(PAE),本研究选取5种典型的抗菌药物(恩诺沙星、盐酸多西环素、诺氟沙星、氟苯尼考以及甲砜霉素),采用常量肉汤稀释法测定它们对A.hydrophila的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并在0、1/2 MIC、1 MIC、2 MIC和4 MIC药物浓度下进行PAE诱导,再用活菌计数法测定并记录细菌生长曲线,计算PAE值。结果显示,5种抗菌药物的MIC和MBC分别为0.016和0.023μg/m L(恩诺沙星),0.250和0.500μg/m L(盐酸多西环素),0.250和0.500μg/m L(诺氟沙星),1和4μg/m L(氟苯尼考)以及2和4μg/m L(甲砜霉素);5种抗菌药物在不同浓度下均有一定的PAE,其中盐酸多西环素最长可达2.84 h。本研究结果表明,这5种抗菌药物对A.hydrophila均有相当的PAE,并且在一定范围内呈浓度依赖性。提示在治疗鱼病及临床给药时,可以考虑PAE的独有特性,延长给药间隔,科学用药。 相似文献
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本次实验采用试管溶液二倍稀释法测得沙拉沙星对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为0.25μg/m L和1.0μg/m L,安普霉素对两种菌的MIC值为2.5μg/m L和0.63μg/m L。试验分别以1MIC、2MIC、4MIC并设置一组空白对照组,然后将大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌与不同浓度的抗生素短暂接触后1.5h,采用千倍稀释法清除抗生素,然后与未处理的对照组比较细菌恢复再生长时间,按公式PAE=T-C计算结果。结果显示在1MIC时,单用沙拉沙星对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的PAE分别为0.92士0.28h、1.15士0.31h,而沙拉沙星与安普霉素联合应用在1MIC对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的PAE分别为1.68士0.26h,1.45士0.25h,比较可以得出,两种药联合应用可有效延长PAE。再者,两种药联用对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌在药物浓度为2MIC和4MIC的PAE分别为为2.05±0.35h、2.13±0.27h和3.47±0.32h、2.47±0.34h。可得PAE大小与药物浓度呈正相关,并推测其最佳接触时间为4h左右。 相似文献
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恩诺沙星和环丙沙星对金葡菌的抗菌后效应及抗菌后亚抑菌浓度效应 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
报告了抗菌后效应 (postantibiotic effect,PAE)、抗菌后亚抑菌浓度效应 (postantibiotic sub- MIC effect,PASME)、亚抑菌浓度效应 (sub- MIC effect,SME)研究的方法学和恩诺沙星、环丙沙星对金葡菌抗菌后效应及抗菌后亚抑菌浓度效应的研究结果。试验表明 :2、4MIC的恩诺沙星对金葡菌的 PAE为 1.0 3、1.5 0 h,1/2、1、2、4MIC的环丙沙星的 PAE为 0 .5 1、0 .88、1.47、1.92 h;1/8、1/4、1/2 MIC的恩诺沙星对经 4MIC药物诱导 1h的金葡菌可产生0 .38、1.15、>12 .31h的 PASME,1/8、1/4、1/2 MIC的环丙沙星的 PASME为 2 .6 9、>10 .17、>13.17h;1/8、1/4、1/2 MIC的恩诺沙星和环丙沙星对金葡菌产生的 SME分别为 0 .40、0 .91、>9.44 h和 0 .42、1.14、>9.0 2 h。上述结果说明 ,PAE、PASME和 SME的大小与药物浓度呈正相关 ,且环丙沙星比恩诺沙星对金葡菌有更长的效应 相似文献
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三种氟喹诺酮类药物体外抗家蚕病原菌活性的对比实验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为筛选新的抗生素替代氯霉素防治家蚕细菌病 ,采用试管二倍稀释法研究了盐酸诺氟沙星、盐酸蒽诺沙星、盐酸环丙沙星 3种药物对家蚕黑胸败血病菌、苏云金杆菌的体外抗菌活性。盐酸诺氟沙星对黑胸败血病菌和苏云金杆菌的最低抑菌浓度MIC(mg/L)分别为 0 78和 0 19,最低杀菌浓度MBC分别为 3 12 5和 0 78。盐酸蒽诺沙星对黑胸败血病菌和苏云金杆菌的MIC(mg/L)分别为 0 78和 0 39,MBC为 3 12 5和 12 5。盐酸环丙沙星对黑胸败血病菌和苏云金杆菌的MIC(mg/L)分别为 0 78和 0 39,MBC为 12 5和 6 2 5 相似文献
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采用菌落计数法测定了单诺沙星在三种不同浓度下对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌 (金葡球菌 )的体外抗菌后效应 (PAE)。当药物浓度为 0 .5MIC、2MIC、4MIC时 ,对大肠杆菌的PAE值为 (0 .6 4 6 4± 0 .0 2 94 )h、(1.2 0 77± 0 .0 2 84 )h、(1.6 5 2 9± 0 .0 4 96 )h ;对金葡球菌的PAE值为 (0 .5 6 6 0± 0 .0 0 75 )h、(1.174 6± 0 .0 0 5 7)h、(1.4 913± 0 .0 2 5 7)h。这表明单诺沙星对大肠杆菌、金葡球菌均有不同程度的较强的PAE ,且PAE值与药物浓度呈正相关 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献