国网重庆信通:边缘计算助力现场违章智能识别

1月6日,从国网重庆信通公司获悉,该公司采用物联网新技术,运用物联网边缘计算技术在国网重庆电力信息通信机房,实现机房反违章现场智能识别,助力电网安全生产. 据了解,电力施工生产场所点多面广,传统的安全监察模式主要依靠人员现场执法结合远程视频监控,不仅人力资源需求大,时间空间上也存在管理死角.     

DA-8000智能台区在线监控及三相自动调平衡系统

<正>一、系统概述DA-8000智能台区在线监控及三相自动调平衡系统是采用最新技术,结合智能电网、线损管理、负荷调整、低压台区监测的要求推出的新一代智能台区解决方案,为电力安全生产管理、营销业务应用以及智能电网建设提供了双向互动的基础技术平台。     

DA-8000智能台区在线监控及三相自动调平衡系统

正一、系统概述:DA-8000智能台区在线监控及三相自动调平衡系统,是采用最新技术结合智能电网、线损管理、负荷调整、低压台区监测要求推出的新一代智能台区解决方案,为电力安全生产管理、营销业务应用以及智能电网建设提供了双向互动的基础技术平台。二、系统功能:前置通信远程参数设置数据管理WEB服务     

物联网技术在智能电网建设中的应用

随着电力改革的不断深入,越来越多的先进技术正在运用到电力行业当中,为我国电力系统的建设做出重要贡献,作为信息采集、传输与处理的一种基础网络架构,物联网技术是当今兴起的一种新型技术,正在逐渐运用到电力生产的环节当中,使电力生产的效率获得显著提高,本文就物联网技术在智能电网建设中的应用做了深入的分析和探讨,以供同行参考借鉴。     

三网互联 电力互通(待续)——“电力通”在农电管理中的典型应用

正"电力通"巧妙地将3P技术(即Photo照相及图像识别、Phone通信及云计算、GPS位置定位及地理信息)和三网互联技术(互联网、物联网、电网)融于电网设备运行管理的实践,搭建了一个能够实现现场影像管理、地理信息管理、智能图形识别、智能数据输入、数据实时传输的移动作业平台,可有效解决电网运行设备资产现场管理难度大的问题。该成果核心技术已取得1项授权专利("基于移动作业平台的网络数据电力资产     

浅谈智能缴费的发展及深化应用

<正>国家电网有限公司在2019年度工作会议上,创造性提出了"三型两网、世界一流"战略发展目标,以坚强智能电网和泛在电力物联网的建设促进电网发展方式的转变,积极开展业务和模式创新,以新型合作关系共推能源互联网建设。坚强智能电网和泛在电力物联网建设工作中包含智能用电服务体系的建设,而智能缴费深化应用正是智能用电服务体系建设的一个重要组     

泛在电力物联网关键技术及其应用前景分析

在人们生活水平不断提升的当下,经济呈现出飞速发展趋势。电力资源作为保障社会各个领域的发展基础,承担了巨大的压力,促使着电网规模也在不断扩大、发电机容量不断增加,导致电网所连接的主体日益增多。为了确保供电系统的稳定发展,就需要利用互联网技术、互联网技术、现代科技技术等手段,确保电网各个系统的安全运行。本文将针对泛在电力物联网内涵以及泛在电力物联网的关键技术进行详细分析,目的是研究出泛在电力物联网应用策略。     

专用变压器用电客户费控装置的应用

正随着智能电网建设与有关技术的不断发展,供电企业电力优质服务意识的不断增强,配电网智能化的呼声越来越高。为提高专用变压器用电客户营销管理基础,提升营销管理服务水平,按照坚强智能电网建设的要求,保证智能电网建设规范有序推进,从而真正实现用电信息采集系统建设"全覆盖、全采集、全费控"的总体目标,专用变压器用电客户费控装置(以下简称费控装置)应运而生。1费控装置应用应具备的技术条件     

智能配电网体系设计与研究

配电网的智能化是我国坚强智能电网的重要组成部分,也是解决我国配电网架构薄弱、自动化水平较低的有效途径。本文给出了智能配电网的定义,其利用现代电力电子技术、通信技术、计算机及网络技术、高级传感和测控技术与电力设备相结合,将配电网在正常及事故情况下的监测、保护、控制、计算等与供电部门的工作管理有机融合在一起的配电系统,支持分布式电源的大量接入,为用户提供更加安全、可靠、优质、高效的电能,以及提供择时用电、分时计费的互动型服务。分析了智能配电网的主要特征和应具备的功能,对智能配电网分布式发电和微网技术、通信、高级传感和计量技术等关键技术进行了实用化探讨和研究。     

半绝缘与全绝缘电压互感器的应用浅析

由于电压互感器在应用过程中各项技术尚不完全成熟,为此提出关于电压互感器应用浅析。首先对半绝缘电压互感器在35 kV电压等级的智能电网中电场测量应用进行分析,利用起偏器与检偏器测量智能电网电力回路的相位差,根据其与电力回路上的电压关系,测出智能电网电场强度;然后对全绝缘电压互感器在220 kV电压等级的智能电网中电场测量应用进行分析,利用传感头直测电路得到被测的电压信号,然后对其进行变换和处理后直接地反映出被测智能电网电场的大小,以此实现关于电压互感器应用浅析。     

Application of drag reducing commercial and purified guargum for reduction of energy requirement of sprinkler irrigation and percolation rate of the soil

Drag reducing polymers reduce the drag in a turbulent flow while increase the drag in a laminar flow, due to an increase in shear viscosity. This feature of drag-reducing polymers has been utilised in reducing the energy requirements of sprinkler irrigation system and increasing the area of coverage as well as reducing the percolation loss of water added with drag reducing polymers. Two types of polymers at various concentrations were studied at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. Two different methods of injection of polymers were also tested to determine the effect of polymer on mode of injection. The concentrations of 100, 250, 300 and 450 ppm of commercial guargum and 50, 100 and 150 ppm of purified guargum were used for homogenous injection (T₁). The concentrations of 100, 300, 600, 1000 and 1500 ppm of commercial guargum and 50, 100, 200, 350 and 500 ppm of purified guargum were used for injection at the suction side of the pump(T₂). The infiltration characteristics of the soil with polymer added water was tested for 300, 1000 ppm of commercial guargum and 100, 500 ppm of purified guargum. For T₁, the maximum power reduction of 28% was obtained in case of 300 ppm commercial guargum and approximately the same percentage was obtained in case of 100 ppm purified guargum. The maximum drag reduction was 35.5% at 300 ppm of commercial guargum and 38% at 100 ppm of purified guargum. The maximum increase in the radius of coverage at 500 ppm commercial guargum was estimated to be 33 and 37% at 150 ppm of purified guargum. For T₂, the maximum power reduction at 1000 ppm of commercial guargum and at 500 ppm of purified guargum was 31.25%. The maximum increase in radius of coverage at 1000 ppm of commercial guargum and at 500 ppm of purified guargum was 37 and 38.2%, respectively. The maximum drag reduction of 40% was obtained at both 1000 ppm of commercial guargum and 500 ppm of purified guargum. The reduction in the infiltration rate at 1000 and 300 ppm of commercial guargum was found to be 56.52 and 27%, respectively, whereas the reduction in the infiltration rate at 100 and 500 ppm purified guargum is 15 and 22.8%, respectively. The study reveals great potential of using drag reducing polymers for irrigation water management.     

Estimation of reference evapotranspiration for southern region of Saudi Arabia

The reference crop evapotranspiration (ET_r) for four areas in Saudi Arabia was estimated using five different methods: FAO-Penman, Jensen-Haise, Blaney & Criddle, pan evaporation, and calibrated FAO-Penman under local conditions (Penman_-SA). Comparison was also made between the estimated ET_r and the measured ET_r of alfalfa grown in lysimeters in the Riyadh area. Regression analysis revealed that estimated ET_r values were highly correlated with measured ET_r values. In addition, linear regression relationships between ET_r values estimated by the Penman_-SA method and other methods were determined. The results of this study indicated that the calibrated Penman_-SA method can be transferred successfully to other locations, and this method could be used for the estimation of ET_r values in all areas in the southern region of Saudi Arabia. Received: 16 January 1998     

Modelling of Discolouration of Dried Powder of Carrots

A model to represent the discolouration of dried powder of carrots as a function of temperature was developed. Two types of carrots, Asian and European, containing large amount of lycopene and β-carotene, respectively, were tested. The dried powder was stored under an atmosphere with O₂and at three different temperatures, 5,20 and 35°C. The surface colour of the powder was monitored during storage by a Hunter colour ratioa/b. In the proposed model, the rate of oxidation was assumed to be represented by the product of the fraction of concentration of oxidized pigment at arbitrary time and a specific rate of oxidation of pigment. The rate parameters in the proposed model were calculated by fitting the experimental data with smooth curves by trial and error at the end of the induction period but before discolouration took place. The frequency constant and activation energy, expressing the temperature dependence of the rate parameters, were expressed by the Arrhenius relation. The simulation results of a Hunter colour ratioa/bof dried powder at 25°C showed good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that the proposed model was effective for the prediction of discolouration of dried powder of both types of carrot. The use of the induction period in the manner described may enable the shelf life of dried powder to be predicted.     

Evaluation of a crop water stress index for irrigation scheduling of bermudagrass

This study was conducted to assess crop water stress index (CWSI) of bermudagrass used widely on the recreational sites of the Mediterranean Region and to study the possibilities of utilization of infrared thermometry to schedule irrigation of bermudagrass. Four different irrigation treatments were examined: 100% (I₁), 75% (I₂), 50% (I₃), and 25% (I₄) of the evaporation measured in a Class A pan. In addition, a non-irrigated treatment was set up to determine CWSI values. The status of soil water content and pressure was monitored using a neutron probe and tensiometers. Meanwhile the canopy temperature of bermudagrass was measured with the infrared thermometry. The empirical method was used to compute the CWSI values. In this study, the visual quality of bermudagrass was monitored seasonally using a color scale. The best visual quality was obtained from I₁ and I₂ treatments. Average seasonal CWSI values were determined as 0.086, 0.102, 0.165, and 0.394 for I₁, I₂, I₃, and I₄ irrigation treatments, respectively, and 0.899 for non-irrigated plot. An empirical non-linear equation, Qave=1+⌊6[1+(4.853 CWSIave)^2.27]^−0.559⌋$Q_{\text{ave}}=1+⌊6{[1+{(4.853\text{CWS}{\text{I}}_{\text{ave}})}^{2.27}]}^{-0.559}⌋$, was deduced by fitting to measured data to find a relation between quality and average seasonal CWSI values. It was concluded that the CWSI could be used as a criterion for irrigation timing of bermudagrass. An acceptable color quality could be sustained seasonally if the CWSI value can be kept about 0.10.     

Economics of drip irrigation of olives in Turkey

Agricultural growers need investment and cost guidelines for drip irrigation to evaluate the economics of getting crops into production as quickly as possible and to minimise economic losses from drought during the productive life of an olive orchard. The benefits of irrigation may include; better olive survival, earlier crop production, greater yields, efficient nutrient distribution, less plant stress, reduced yield variability and improved crop quality.This research was conducted to help olive growers make decisions regarding investments in drip irrigation systems. This analysis was aimed at the farm business level to provide an economic rationale for investing in drip irrigation systems.The net present value (NPV) criterion was used to determine the discounted break-even investment results from published responses to drip irrigation systems. Growers with typical drip irrigation systems can expect investments of US$ 2244 ha⁻¹ with 1.6 ha blocks of olives. Analysis of survey findings indicate that net present value was US$ 3464 ha⁻¹ after an initial investment of US$ 2244 ha⁻¹.     

Estimation of Moisture Diffusivity Coefficient and Thermal Properties of Alfalfa Pellets

Heat and mass transfer characteristics of alfalfa pellets are needed in the optimization of coolers for freshly-made pellets and in managing storage schedules of the pellets in silos and bins. Moisture diffusivity and thermal properties are important parameters used to characterize the heat and mass transfer ability of a material. In this study, experimental thin-layer data on (a) moisture desorption, (b) moisture absorption and (c) rate of heating of alfalfa pellets were collected. By applying the inverse theory and using second order mass transfer and heat transfer equations in cylindrical coordinates, the moisture absorption and desorption data were used to estimate the moisture diffusivity as a function of moisture content of the pellets while the heating rate data were used to estimate the thermal properties (thermal conductivity and specific heat) as a function of pellet temperature.Better estimates were obtained when moisture diffusivity of the pellets was exponentially related to moisture content in comparison with a linear relation between moisture diffusivity and moisture content. Moisture diffusivity during desorption (2·40×10^-9to 4·12×10^-9 m²/s) was about three times that of the values of diffusivity during moisture absorption (7·50×10^-10to 1·26×10^-9 m²/s). A good fit to the experimental heating rate data was obtained when thermal conductivity and specific heat of the pellets were linearly related to temperature. Over a temperature range of 2 to 110°C, estimated particle thermal conductivities and specific heats of the pellets were in the range of 0·04 to 0·19 W/m K and from 962 to 2114 J/kg K respectively.     

Design of microirrigation subunit of minimum cost with proper operation

Matlab software named PRESUD (Pressurized Subunit Design) was developed to identify the optimum microirrigation subunit design using the annual water application cost per unit of irrigated area (C _T). This is defined as the cost per cubic meter of water applied to the soil for crop use, calculated as the sum of investment, maintenance, energy, and water (C _w) costs. In this study, only rectangular subunits are considered, using an iterative method for calculating the lateral and manifold pipelines. The infrastructure necessary for water delivery to the subunit inlet was taken into account in the price of water. The results indicate that C _w is the most important factor in C _T, which includes the investment and energy costs for moving water from the source to the subunit inlet. Other important factors, in order of importance, are the emission exponent (x), coefficient of variation of emitter manufacturer (CV_qmf), and emitter spacing (s _e). The minimum water application cost for a typical subunit to irrigate vegetable crops such as pepper is obtained with a subunit of 0.3–0.5 ha, with 80 m of paired lateral pipe length of 16 (13.6 mm) PE 0.25 MPa diameter, and 50 (44 mm) PE 0.4 MPa of manifold pipe diameter. The cost of a typical drip irrigation subunit design for a crop, such as grapevines on trellises, is equivalent to 25 % of the C _T of a typical subunit to irrigate vegetable crops, such as pepper.     

The effect of degradation of phalaris + white clover pasture on soil water regimes of a Brown Chromosol on the Northern Tablelands of NSW,Australia

The soil water regimes of a Brown Chromosol in response to drying and wetting are reported under three pastures types that were grazed all year long. The study was conducted at the Big Ridge 2 site near Armidale, on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales (NSW) between 1994 and 1998. The three pasture types were degraded pasture (dominated by annual species), a phalaris dominant pasture, and an improved pasture containing phalaris + white clover. This study was conducted to assess the hydrological implications of losing perennial pasture species from the high rainfall (summer dominant) zone of south-eastern Australia. Pasture active rooting depth, water use and extraction during drying periods, and the ability of the soil profile to store water during wet periods were evaluated for each pasture type.Pasture active rooting depth, which affects water use, varied with season and water availability. During a typical autumn drying period between 1 and 22 March 1996, the phalaris + white clover pasture with an active rooting depth down to 100 cm used 46 ± 3.9 mm of water, with 16% of this extracted from the 55–130 cm zone. In the same period, the degraded and the phalaris pasture with active rooting depths of ≤60 cm used 30.7 ± 5.2 and 23.6 ± 7.9 mm of water, respectively, all from the surface 0–55 cm zone. However, under extreme drought conditions such as those in spring and early summer 1997 and autumn 1998, no differences in water use were detected between pastures.Pasture water use during dry periods affects the amount of water that can be stored in the soil profile and the potential amount of water loss during subsequent wet periods. In any wet period, the increase in soil water storage was greater in the 0–55 cm depth than in the 55–130 cm zone. For example, between 24 January and 14 February 1997 with total rainfall of 203 mm, water storage in the 0–55 cm zone was increased by 104.4 ± 6.7 mm under the phalaris + white clover pasture compared with 86.4 ± 4.3 and 84.4 ± 3.3 mm for the degraded and the phalaris pastures, respectively. The water storage increase in the 55–130 cm zone was not different between pastures (<12 mm).It was concluded that without appropriate grazing management and the presence of the legume component, the phalaris based pasture became unstable and failed to persist. The decline in the phalaris pasture caused invasion of annual species and weeds resulting in low water use, similar to that of the degraded pasture. In contrast, the combination of white clover and phalaris pasture showed a greater potential to maintain the phalaris component and a greater total biomass, and so was able to extract more water and from deeper parts of the soil profile. The vigorous phalaris + white clover pasture has greater potential to store more water than the degraded pasture and the phalaris pasture without legumes in the summer dominant rainfall area of temperate Australia. Therefore, maintaining pasture in good condition should be the main objective for sustainability of a grazing system in this region.     

Assessment of the effect of tie-ridging on smallholder maize yields in Malawi

Tie-ridging is being promoted in Malawi as an on-field rainwater harvesting technique to ensure a maize (Zea mais L.) crop during a dry or drought year. Resource-poor smallholder farmers are likely to take up tie-ridging if it increases and not decreases maize yield in most years. A numerical study was conducted to calculate the expected maize yield gain due to tie-ridging taking into account the probability of occurrence of drought, dry, normal and wet years (climatic uncertainty). Mean yields due to tie-ridging in drought, dry, normal and wet years at different N levels were derived from observed smallholder maize yield data using a linear nitrogen response model and field-observed retained rainwater amounts in tie-ridged fields. Simulation results indicate that tie-ridging will result in hybrid maize yield gain in a drought year (1050 kg ha⁻¹) and dry year (560 kg ha⁻¹). There will be a hybrid maize yield loss in a normal year (350 kg ha⁻¹) and wet year (700 kg ha⁻¹). For local maize, there will be a yield gain in a drought year (500 kg ha⁻¹), dry year (220 kg ha⁻¹) and normal year (120 kg ha⁻¹). There will be a slight yield loss in a wet year (60 kg ha⁻¹). Considering observed probability of the occurrence of drought, dry, normal and wet years in Malawi, the study reveals that there will be no hybrid maize yield gain in any coming year with tie-ridging. For local maize, the expected yield gain in any coming year was positive (133.3 kg ha⁻¹) but this gain is less than the minimum gain required considering the opportunity cost of labour (142.5 kg ha⁻¹). Thus under the smallholder conditions and climate of Malawi, the expected yield gain in any coming year due to tie-ridging is likely to be minimal and uneconomic.     

Comparison and sensitivity of measurement techniques for spatial distribution of soil salinity

In Khorezm, a district of Uzbekistan situated in the Aral Sea Basin, soil salinization is an important driver of soil degradation in irrigated agriculture. The main objective of this study was to identify techniques that enable rapid estimation of soil salinity. Therefore, bulk electrical conductivity of the soil (EC_a-meas) was measured with three different devices (2P, 4P, and CM-138) and electrical conductivity of the soil paste (EC_p-meas) was measured with the so-called 2XP device. These measurements were compared with independent estimates of EC_a-calc and EC_p-calc based on laboratory measurements of the saturated extract, EC_e, of soil samples from the same sites. Soil salinity could be assessed satisfactorily with all four devices. EC_p-meas could be well reproduced by the 2XP device (R ² = 0.76), whereas EC_a-meas estimates using 2P, 4P, and CM-138 in the field were less accurate (R ² < 0.50). The sensitivity of all devices to the main ions Cl⁻ and Ca^{2 +} suggests that the measuring principles are similar for all instruments. The devices can therefore be used interchangeably. Field assessment of soil salinity was considerably enhanced by the use of CM-138, because large areas can be quickly assessed, which may be desirable in spite of the lower accuracy.