杉木阴沉木精油化学组成的研究

杉木阴沉木基部边材试样,经水蒸气蒸馏提取精油,精油的含量为３．５８％。精油经气－质联用仪鉴定,检出４２种化合物,其中大部分为萜类化合物。进一步采用气－红联用仪,确认为２４种化合物。     

短周期桉树人工林木材天然耐久性研究

通过对几种桉树短期人工林木材的室内耐腐，抗蛀性和野外耐久性等试验，结果表明：４￣９年生的桉树木材天然耐腐性较差，心材多属稍耐腐级，边材属不耐腐级，抗蛀性较差，易被小蠹虫及家白蚁为害，尾叶桉木材天然耐久年限稍大于半年，属不耐久等级。     

杉木浸提物对木材天然耐腐、抗蚁性的影响

杉木[Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook.]有浓郁香气,能耐菌腐、抗蚁蛀。作者继杉木精油化学组分及性质的研究之后,对杉木心材浸提物进行耐腐,抗蚁定性和定量试验。结果表明杉木精油有耐腐、抗蚁性,尤其是精油的主要成分柏木脑(旧称杉木脑),起主要作用。     

长沙马王堆一号汉墓椁室木材的研究

长沙马王堆一号汉墓椁室用材为杉木 ,该杉木不是人工砍伐后的一般杉木 ,而是历史上因地震山崩等原因倒埋的杉木植株形成的阴沉木。除了深埋、密封等早期墓葬措施外 ,耐腐性及抑菌性很强的杉木阴沉木椁室 ,是女尸历经 2 10 0多年而不腐和大批文物保存较好的关键原因。     

建昌阴沉木的初步研究

本文根据对建昌阴沉木的树种鉴定和理化性能的分析,距今树龄的测定,以及产地的调查,确定了建昌阴沉木是德昌杉木因地壳局部变动埋入地下百年以后而形成的一种具有强耐腐力的名贵木材;同时,提出了德昌一带是德昌杉木的古老自然分布区。     

硅烷偶联剂对水杨酸/二氧化硅微胶囊改性杨木耐腐性的影响

为探究不同硅烷偶联剂对水杨酸/二氧化硅微胶囊的性能及其改性杨木耐腐性的影响,分别制备了添加KH550、KH560、KH570硅烷偶联剂的水杨酸/二氧化硅微胶囊,并采用真空-加压法浸注改性杨木。通过流失试验、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光电子能谱(SEM-EDX)及耐腐性试验,研究了不同硅烷偶联剂对微胶囊改性材增重率及抑菌成分释放、微胶囊在改性材中的形态与分布及其改性杨木耐腐性的影响。结果表明:添加KH560硅烷偶联剂的微胶囊改性材增重率较高,抗流失性有所改善,流失处理后细胞腔内微胶囊形态饱满,粒径和囊壁厚度适中,改性杨木耐腐等级达到Ⅱ级(耐腐)。     

我国杉木阴沉木资源的分布和利用

杉木阴沉木系历史上因地震山崩倒埋的杉木形成；由于出土后木材比重比水大，沉于水，故称阴沉木；杉木阴沉木集中分布在我国长江中上游地区，川西南安宁河流域、川滇交界金沙江流域、湘黔交界沅水上游、湘桂交界湘水上游及鄂西南是资源较多的地区；阴沉木对研究杉木植物地理学、育种学、木材学、林产化工及地质与地震等有重要科学价值。     

进口辐射松木材可处理性能及防腐性能测评

对进口辐射松木材的天然耐腐性能及其热处理材、防腐处理材的防腐性能进行综合评价,结果表明:进口辐射松木材天然耐腐等级为Ⅲ级(稍耐腐),热处理可使耐腐等级提高到Ⅰ级(强耐腐):其心、边材渗透性差异大,边材短时间真空处理即可,而心材则需先真空处理再常压浸泡,载药量可达到1.17 kg/m~3。使用CuAz-5处理边材,在载药量为0.97 kg/m~3时,室内测试的质量损失率低于5.7%;载药量为1.4 kg/m~3时,8年野外埋地测试材质完好。     

海南柏木阴沉木挥发油的化学成分分析及耐腐性研究

采用GC-MS法对海南柏木阴沉木挥发油的化学成分进行了分析,共分离出56个色谱峰,鉴定出39种化合物,占总离子流出峰面积的91.843％.应用色谱峰面积归一法分析各成分的质量分数,GC含量较高的物质有:柏木醇(23.516％)、邻苯二甲酸(11.843％)、D-柠檬烯(10.103％)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(9.843％)和苯酚(5.324％)等.耐腐性试验结果表明,海南柏木阴沉木对密粘褶菌(Gloeophyllum trabeum Murr.)和彩绒革盖菌(Coriolus versicolor Quel)具有较好的耐腐性(木材平均质量损失率:基部4.365％,中部4.58％).     

不同树种木粉/PVC复合材料天然耐腐性对比研究

选用5种不同树种木粉与PVC制备木塑复合材料,通过人工模拟加速试验对比研究不同组别复合材料对采绒革盖菌和绵腐卧孔菌的天然耐腐性差异,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和水分吸附测试深入分析腐朽菌对复合材料微观形貌及界面结合的影响,结果表明:不同组别复合材料对彩绒革盖菌耐腐性排序为:杉木/PVC马尾松/PVC白千层/PVC枫香/PVC尾巨桉/PVC复合材料;对绵腐卧孔菌耐腐性排序为:杉木/PVC尾巨桉/PVC、白千层/PVC、马尾松/PVC枫香/PVC复合材料。腐朽菌菌丝可通过木粉和PVC树脂界面结合空隙处进入试样内部进行侵蚀,从而降低复合材料间的界面结合,使其水分吸附率明显增加。     

杉木管胞具缘纹孔膜超微构造

轴向管胞是针叶材中的主要细胞,它的体积约占木材体积的90%以上,其主要功能是输导水分及强固树体(申宗圻,1984).     

杉木冷冻干燥材和气干材液体浸注性的比较研究

A comparative study was conducted on liquid penetration of the freeze-drying and air-drying sapwood and heartwood lumber of plantation Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata）. The maximum amount of dyeing solution uptake by the capillary rise method was used to evaluate the liquid penetration properties of the treated wood. The pit aspiration ratio was determined by semithin section method. Changes in wood microstructure were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that compared with air drying, the freeze drying had a significant effect on liquid penetration of sapwood and heartwood of Chinese fir. The liquid penetration of sapwood is significantly higher than that of the heartwood for both drying treatments. Low pit aspiration ratio and cracks of pits membrane of some bordered pits are the main reasons for increasing liquid penetration after freeze drying treatment.     

Effect of different drying methods on liquid penetration of Chinese fir plantation wood

Chinese fir plantation sapwood and heartwood boards were treated by three drying methods: radio frequency-vacuum drying (RFVD), conventional kiln drying (KD) and high temperature drying (HTD). The maximum amount of dyeing solution uptake by the capillary rising method was used to evaluate the liquid penetration of the treated wood. The pit aspiration ratio was determined by a semithin section method. Changes in wood microstructure were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The results show that liquid penetration of Chinese fir sapwood after RFVD is significantly higher than that after KD and HTD. Liquid penetration of Chinese fir heartwood after RFVD is higher than that after HTD. Liquid penetration of Chinese fir sapwood is significantly higher than that of heartwood after three drying treatments. Low pit aspiration ratio and cracks of some bordered pits are the main reasons for the increase in liquid penetration after RFVD treatment. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(10): 85–90 [译自: 林业科学]     

Simulation of effects of wood microstructure on water transport

A tracheid-level model was used to quantify the effects of differences in wood microstructure between coastal and interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii and var. glauca) wood on larger scale properties like hydraulic conductivity. The model showed that tracheid length, the ease of flow through a bordered pit and effective tracheid diameter can all limit maximum hydraulic conductivity. Among the model parameters tested, increasing bordered pit conductivity and tracheid length resulted in the greatest increase in maximum conductivity in both the inland and coastal ecotypes. A sensitivity analysis of the uncertainty between parameters governing flow through the bordered pit and air-seeding potential showed that, although decreased pit flow resistance increased maximum hydraulic conductivity, increased cavitation led to lower conductivity over time. The benefits of increasing the number of bordered pits depended on the intensity of the meteorological driving function: in drier environmental conditions, wood with fewer pits was more conductive over time than wood with more pits. Switching the bordered pit characteristics between coastal and interior wood indicated that the conductivity time course of coastal and interior wood was primarily governed by differences in the number of bordered pits and not differences in tracheid dimensions. The rate at which tracheids refilled had little effect on the conductivity time course of either coastal or interior wood during the first two summers when the wood was highly saturated, but had a marked influence in subsequent years once the cavitation profile stabilized. Our work highlights the need for more empirical work on bordered pits to determine whether variation in their number and properties is related to changing environmental conditions. In addition, a detailed simulation model of a bordered pit is needed to understand how variation in pit properties affects the relationship between ease of flow through a bordered pit and its potential for facilitating air-seeding.     

两种难浸注木材的显微和超微构造及其与渗透性的关系

详细介绍了长白鱼鳞云杉、臭冷杉木材的显微和超微构造特征及其对木材渗透性影响,两树种的心材管胞具缘纹孔膜和管胞胞壁各层纤丝中丰富的无定形物质的沉积是心材渗透性差的解剖方面的主要原因。     

人工兴安落叶松次生木质部的解剖学研究

运用木材解剖图像分析系统和显微照相的方法对人工兴安落叶松次生木质部的解剖结构进行研究,结果表明:落叶松具正常树脂道和受伤树脂道两种类型,前者常见于晚材。落叶松生长轮内的早晚材在干和枝内急变,在根内缓变。早材管胞呈六边形至多边形,胞壁常见单列具缘纹孔,偶见对列具缘纹孔;晚材管胞多呈矩形,胞壁鲜见具缘纹孔,通常为单列具缘纹孔。落叶松木射线同时具有单列木射线和纺锤形木射线两种类型,纺锤形木射线中仅含一枚纵行树脂道。纵行管胞与木射线交叉形成的纹孔场为云杉型。从根到干再到枝,管胞逐渐细化,管胞长度逐渐减小,木射线分布由密到疏。     

对防腐处理前后遭细菌侵蚀的木材超微构造研究

用透射电镜观察了隧道式细菌在未经防腐剂处理的素材和处理过的木材[欧洲白桦(Betula pendula),欧洲赤松(Pinus silvestris)和挪威云杉(Picea abies)]中形成的腐朽现象,研究了细菌入侵木材细胞壁的过程。侵蚀是从木材细胞腔内开始,通过S_3层后,细菌在细胞壁的S_1层、S_2层及胞间层内移动并且分裂,引起木材细胞壁的降解。还观察了隧道式细菌、隧道的形态和超微结构。本研究表明具缘纹孔和单纹孔的纹孔膜比纹孔缘对细菌活动更有抗性。细菌可以侵入低浓度防腐剂(0.5％Tanalith NCA)处理过的木材,表明细菌具一定解毒能力。     

Effects of steam explosion on wood appearance and structure of sub-alpine fir

The technology of steam explosion was applied to pre-treat sub-alpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) lumber and to improve its drying characteristics. Effects of steam explosion on the appearance and structure of the lumber are discussed in this paper. The structure of the wood was examined using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The following results were obtained. With increasing temperature, pressure, and explosion cycles the color of the lumber darkened gradually. No significant structural difference between treated and untreated samples was observed using LM when the treatments were carried out at temperatures below 130°C with ten explosion cycles (group A or B). Some fractures were observed in bordered pit pairs between tracheids after 20 explosion cycles at 130°C (group C). More fractures occurred in bordered pit pairs between earlywood tracheids at a temperature of 160°C (group D). More or less fractures in pits between ray parenchyma cells and earlywood tracheids were observed using SEM in all four cases of treatments. Although no change in bordered pits in the tracheid walls between group A and the control group was discovered, groups B, C, and D showed different extents of ruptures in bordered pits, which may lead to break aspirated pits and improve permeability. In these groups, wrinkles and separations in the inner tracheid walls and detachments in middle lamella also occurred and became more serious as temperature or cycles of the treatment increased.